ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ И МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ В ПОВЫШЕНИИ КОНКУРЕНТОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВОЕННЫХ ИНСТИТУТОВ

Abstract. Since the educational system of the University is aimed to ensure the successful formation of personality of a prospective specialist, the domestic higher school in conditions of modernization, aimed at finding educational technologies. The ability of the military education system to meet the needs of society and personality outlines the priorities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is important that in these conditions, higher military institution focuses on the formation of personal maturity and professionalism of a prospective specialist who is able to act efficiently [1, p. 7]. Thus, the source of competitiveness in the market of higher military education is the formation of comprehensive education services on the basis of competence-based approach to integration and interdisciplinary design. It is evident, that application of pedagogical design technology in the military higher education institution changes the role of a teacher as a representative of science, researcher and instructor. The transfer from authoritarian model of education to teaching as a way of involvement the students and attracting them to the values and learning personally significant knowledge that can be applied in implementation of personal projects [2. p. 27]. The author argues, that education in the military institution with the use of pedagogical design is not just a teaching activity but a lifelong process [3, p. 42]. The project activity puts the student in an active position and he does research, solves problems, takes decisions, explores and records information about his activity. Аннотация. Поскольку воспитательно-образовательная система вуза призвана обеспечить успешное становление личности будущего специалиста, отечественная высшая школа, находящаяся в условиях модернизации, нацелена на поиск воспитательно-образовательных технологий. Способность системы военного образования удовлетворять потребности общества и личности определяет приоритеты развития Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации. Показательно, что в этих условиях высшая военная школа приобретает новое направление на становление личностной зрелости и профессионализма будущего специалиста, способного действовать компетентно и оперативно [1, с. 7]. Так, источником обеспечения конкурентоспособности на рынке высшего военного профессионального образования является формирование полноценной образовательной услуги на основе компетентностного подхода, построенного на интеграции и междисциплинарном проектировании. Очевидным становится, что при использовании педагогического проектирования в военном вузе интегрируется и меняется роль преподавателя как представителя науки, исследователя и педагога. От авторитарной модели обучения осуществляется переход к преподаванию как способу приобщения курсанта к ценностям и технологиям добывания личностно значимых знаний, служащих реализации жизненных и личностных проектов [2, c. 27]. Таким образом, можно утверждать, что образование в военном вузе с использованием проектирования перестает быть просто деятельностью обучения, протекающей в стенах этого учебного заведения в специально организованных условиях, а становится процессом жизнедеятельности, совершающейся в течение активной профессиональной деятельности, может стать формой непрерывного образования личности [3, с. 42]. Проектная деятельность ставит курсанта в активную позицию– человека, который исследует, решает проблемы, принимает решения, изучает, документирует свою деятельность.

Colossal magnetoresistance in EuZn2_2P2_2 and its electronic and magnetic structure

We investigate single crystals of the trigonal antiferromagnet EuZn$_2$P$_2$ ($P\overline{3}m1$) by means of electrical transport, magnetization measurements, X-ray magnetic scattering, optical reflectivity, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ab-initio band structure calculations (DFT+U). We find that the electrical resistivity of EuZn$_2$P$_2$ increases strongly upon cooling and can be suppressed in magnetic fields by several orders of magnitude (CMR effect). Resonant magnetic scattering reveals a magnetic ordering vector of $q = (0\, 0\, \frac{1}{2})$, corresponding to an $A$-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, below $T_{\rm N} = 23.7\,\rm K$. We find that the moments are canted out of the $a-a$ plane by an angle of about $40^{\circ}\pm 10^{\circ}$ degrees and tilted away from the [100] - direction by $30^{\circ}\pm 5^{\circ}$. We observe nearly isotropic magnetization behavior for low fields and low temperatures which is consistent with the magnetic scattering results. The magnetization measurements show a deviation from the Curie-Weiss behavior below $\approx 150\,\rm K$, the temperature below which also the field dependence of the material's resistivity starts to increase. An analysis of the infrared reflectivity spectrum at $T=295\,\rm K$ allows us to resolve the main phonon bands and intra-/interband transitions, and estimate indirect and direct band gaps of $E_i^{\mathrm{opt}}=0.09\,\rm{eV}$ and $E_d^{\mathrm{opt}}=0.33\,\rm{eV}$, respectively, which are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted ones. The experimental band structure obtained by ARPES is nearly $T$-independent above and below $T_{\rm N}$. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental data shows a weak intermixing of the Eu 4$f$ states close to the $\Gamma$ point with the bands formed by the phosphorous 3$p$ orbitals leading to an induction of a small magnetic moment at the P sites

Magnetic Dirac semimetal state of (Mn,Ge)Bi2_2Te4_4

For quantum electronics, the possibility to finely tune the properties of magnetic topological insulators (TIs) is a key issue. We studied solid solutions between two isostructural Z$_2$ TIs, magnetic MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ and nonmagnetic GeBi$_2$Te$_4$, with Z$_2$ invariants of 1;000 and 1;001, respectively. For high-quality, large mixed crystals of Ge$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$Bi$_2$Te$_4$, we observed linear x-dependent magnetic properties, composition-independent pairwise exchange interactions along with an easy magnetization axis. The bulk band gap gradually decreases to zero for $x$ from 0 to 0.4, before reopening for $x>0.6$, evidencing topological phase transitions (TPTs) between topologically nontrivial phases and the semimetal state. The TPTs are driven purely by the variation of orbital contributions. By tracing the x-dependent $6p$ contribution to the states near the fundamental gap, the effective spin-orbit coupling variation is extracted. As $x$ varies, the maximum of this contribution switches from the valence to the conduction band, thereby driving two TPTs. The gapless state observed at $x=0.42$ closely resembles a Dirac semimetal above the Neel temperature and shows a magnetic gap below, which is clearly visible in raw photoemission data. The observed behavior of the Ge$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$Bi$_2$Te$_4$ system thereby demonstrates an ability to precisely control topological and magnetic properties of TIs

Site- and spin-dependent coupling at the highly ordered h-BN/Co(0001) interface

Using photoelectron diffraction and spectroscopy, we explore the structural and electronic properties of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer epitaxially grown on the Co(0001) surface. Perfect matching of the lattice parameters allows formation of a well-defined interface where the B atoms occupy the hollow sites while the N atoms are located above the Co atoms. The corrugation of the h-BN monolayer and its distance from the substrate were determined by means of R-factor analysis. The obtained results are in perfect agreement with the density functional theory (DFT) predictions. The electronic structure of the interface is characterized by a significant mixing of the h-BN and Co states. Such hybridized states appear in the h-BN band gap. This allows to obtain atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images from the formally insulating 2D material being in contact with ferromagnetic metal. The STM images reveal mainly the nitrogen sublattice due to a dominating contribution of nitrogen orbitals to the electronic states at the Fermi level. We believe that the high quality, well-defined structure and interesting electronic properties make the h-BN/Co(0001) interface suitable for spintronic applications.L.V.Ya. acknowledges the RSF (Grant No. 16-42-01093). A.V.T., V.O.S., K.A.B., O.Yu.V., and D.Yu.U. acknowledge St. Petersburg State University for research Grant No. 11.65.42.2017. M.V.K. and I.I.O. acknowledge the RFBR (Grant No. 16-29-06410). C.L. acknowledges the DFG (Grant Nos. LA655-17/1 and LA655-19/1).Peer reviewe

Insight into the electronic structure of the centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet GdRu2Si2

The discovery of a square magnetic-skyrmion lattice in GdRu2Si2, with the smallest so far found skyrmion size and without a geometrically frustrated lattice, has attracted significant attention. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of surface and bulk electronic structures of GdRu2Si2 by utilizing momentum-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements and first-principles calculations. We show how the electronic structure evolves during the antiferromagnetic transition when a peculiar helical order of 4f magnetic moments within the Gd layers sets in. A nice agreement of the ARPES-derived electronic structure with the calculated one has allowed us to characterize the features of the Fermi surface (FS), unveil the nested region along kz at the corner of the 3D FS, and reveal their orbital compositions. Our findings suggest that the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction plays a decisive role in stabilizing the spiral-like order of Gd 4f moments responsible for the skyrmion physics in GdRu2Si2. Our results provide a deeper understanding of electronic and magnetic properties of this material, which is crucial for predicting and developing novel skyrmion-based systems.We acknowledge the German Research Foundation (DFG) for the support through the grants no. KR3831/5-1, no. LA655/20-1, SFB1143 (project no. 247310070), and TRR288 (no. 422213477, project no. A03). The density functional theory calculations were supported by the Government research assignment for ISPMS SB RAS (project FWRW-2022-0001). E. V. C. acknowledges support from Saint Petersburg State University (project ID no. 94031444). V. S. S. and D. Y. U. work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. FSMG-2023-0014) and RSF 23-72-30004. The calculations were partially performed using the equipment of the Shared Resource Center “Far Eastern Computing Resource” of IACP FEB RAS (https://cc.dvo.ru) and Joint Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (https://rscgroup.ru/en/project/jscc). We also thank the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland, for the allocation of ARPES experiments at the ULTRA endstation of the SIS-X09LA beamline of the Swiss Light Source. We acknowledge MAX IV Laboratory for experimental time on beamline BLOCH under proposal 20211066. Research conducted at MAX IV, a Swedish national user facility, was supported by the Swedish Research Council under contract 2018-07152, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems under contract 2018-04969, and Formas under contract 2019-0249.Peer reviewe

The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target-organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure loci, of which 17 were novel and 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target-organ damage in multiple tissues, with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classic renal system in blood pressure regulation

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Macrosegmentation and strain hardening stages in copper single crystals under compression

The surface deformation-induced pattern (relief) of copper single crystals with the orientation of the compression axis along [111] has been investigated by means of optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The misorientations between both macroscopic and mesoscopic areas in [111]-single crystals have been determined using the electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique. The macroscopic reorientation has been revealed to rotate the crystalline lattice around the [110] axis. The single crystal has been divided into five macrosegments with their misorientations distributed along the compression axis in a manner that the deformation axis sequentially coincided with the crystallographic directions in the order [111]-[221]-[773]-[110]. Shear by unloaded plane (111) has been observed. The macrolevel deformation up to 25% has been developing as follows: shear by octahedral planes e development of macrobands e reorientation of the central zones e shear by unloaded octahedral plane in the reoriented zones. The steps of this sequence corresponded to the stages of the stress-strain curves