Temperature Diffusivity Measurement and Nondestructive Testing Requiring No Extensive Sample Preparation and Using Stepwise Point Heating and IR Thermography

This chapter describes a modification to the laser flash method that allows determining temperature diffusivity and nondestructive testing of materials and constructions without cutting samples of predefined geometry. Stepwise local heating of the studied object surface at a small spot around 0.1 mm radius with simultaneous high temporary-spatial resolution infrared (IR) filming of the transient temperature distribution evolution with a thermal camera provides a wide range of possibilities for material characterization and sample testing. In case of isotropic and macroscopic homogeneous materials, the resulting transient temperature distribution is radially symmetric that renders possible to improve temperature measurement accuracy by averaging many pixels of the IR images located at the same distance from the heating spot center. The temperature diffusivity measurement can be conducted either on thin plates or on massive samples. The developed emissivity independent in plain IR thermographic method and mathematical algorithms enable thermal diffusivity measurement for both cases with accuracy around a few per cent for a wide range of materials starting from refractory ceramics to well-conducting metals. To detect defects, the differential algorithm was used. Subtracting averaged radial symmetric temperature distribution from the original one for each frame makes local inhomogeneities in the sample under study clearly discernible. When applied to crack detection in plates, the technique demonstrates good sensitivity to part-through cracks located both at the visible and invisible sides of the studied object

The use of the digital twin in the design of a prefabricated product

This paper discusses the process of creating a digital twin of a product, which is a virtual model of a mechanical connection. The modeling was carried out using the Pro/ENGINEER software, which allows building a three-dimensional model of the product assembly process, which is a set of three-dimensional electronic models of the product, equipment and tools. The models include a mathematical description of the geometric, physical-mechanical and technical parameters of the objects under consideration. It is shown that it is the formation of a triad of electronic models: product-man-equipment in the considered area of computer-aided design of technological processes for the implementation of mechanical connections that allows modeling with the necessary accuracy and adequacy

Aging three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus : comparison of estimates from three structures

In order to assess the accuracy and reliability of age estimates from calcified structures in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, we evaluated intra and inter-reader repeatability from three structures: otoliths, gill covers and pelvic spines). Average age estimates were also compared between the structures. The overall intra-reader repeatability of age estimates were highest for otoliths (69%), lowest for gill covers (53%) and intermediate for spine cross-sections (63%). Although four of the seven readers had the highest intra-reader repeatability score for spine cross-sections, the inter-reader variance in this structure was much higher than in others. Otoliths were the easiest in terms of their pre-analysis treatment and exchange of materials (as digital images) between readers. In addition, otoliths are more well-studied compared with the other structures with respect to their development through ontogenesis; hence, age estimates based on otoliths should be the most reliable. Therefore, our recommendation is that whenever possible, analysis of otoliths should be the preferred approach for aging G. aculeatus.Peer reviewe

Towards nanomedicines of the future: Remote magneto-mechanical actuation of nanomedicines by alternating magnetic fields

The paper describes the concept of magneto-mechanical actuation of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in super-low and low frequency alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and its possible use for remote control of nanomedicines and drug delivery systems. The applications of this approach for remote actuation of drug release as well as effects on biomacromolecules, biomembranes, subcellular structures and cells are discussed in comparison to conventional strategies employing magnetic hyperthermia in a radio frequency (RF) AMF. Several quantitative models describing interaction of functionalized MNPs with single macromolecules, lipid membranes, and proteins (e.g. cell membrane receptors, ion channels) are presented. The optimal characteristics of the MNPs and an AMF for effective magneto-mechanical actuation of single molecule responses in biological and bio-inspired systems are discussed. Altogether, the described studies and phenomena offer opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics both alone and in combination with magnetic hyperthermia

OutSystems as a Rapid Application Development Platform for Mobile and Web Applications

OutSystems is a visual low-code development environment targeted at citizen developers. It is relatively easy to create and deploy fully featured applications with OutSystems even for a novice developer. The purpose of this study is to determine the main problems that the students of Lahti University of Applied Sciences experience and find out how these problems can be solved with OutSystems. The theoretical part of this study explains the choice of OutSystems as a Rapid Application Development Platform for creation and deployment of Mobile and Web applications and explains the basic concepts behind this technology. A survey and several interviews were conducted for data collection for this study. A mobile application and a web application implementing popular student services were developed as a part of the case study. Based on the conducted research, the conclusions about the preferred order and the optimal methods of development of the mobile applications for the student services were made. The suggestions about the design from the case study should also be taken into consideration in order to build an application to be accepted by the majority of the users

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT OF THE GOLD PLATING FROM WEAK-ACID AND NEUTRAL ELECTROLYTES

The process improvement of the gold plating by means of the choice of the kind and compounds of solutions and regimes of the precipitation introduction for the stability insurance of physical-mechanical characteristics of gold coatings and the prolongation of electrolyte service life is the aim of the paper. As a result the interconnection of some functional characteristics with gold has been cleared up. Principles of the coating property control have been formulated. Reasons of the parameter instability for the plating process have been established. Ways for the parameter stabilization have been suggested. Technical solutions for the stabilization of physical-mechanical characteristics of gold coatings, precipitated from citrate, phosphate and borate electrolytes, solutions making it possible to prolong the solution service life and to decrease the gold expenditure, have been developed. Borate electrolytes and the method of the gold utilization by activated carbon have passed trial-industrial tests. The developments suggested make it possible to decrease the non-productive discharge of precious metals. The paper results may find their field of application in the production of various details of radio electronics, etcAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Countering threats to quality of life

The article considers the use of quality management methods for the safety of industrial, transport and municipal facilities in the face of modern challenges: international strategic instability, hybrid war and the coronavirus pandemic

Countering threats to quality of life

The article considers the use of quality management methods for the safety of industrial, transport and municipal facilities in the face of modern challenges: international strategic instability, hybrid war and the coronavirus pandemic

Automation of design of technological processes

The article considers the majority of modern foreign and domestic CAD TP, which solve many problems of technological preparation of production. However, in most systems, the used method of automated design of technological processes remains incomprehensible, the existing organizational structure of pre-production is not taken into account, the correction of actual data (cutting conditions, time standards) does not meet the requirements of modern aviation production. The article proposes to actively use the integrated design method in CAD TP systems

Automation of design of technological processes

The article considers the majority of modern foreign and domestic CAD TP, which solve many problems of technological preparation of production. However, in most systems, the used method of automated design of technological processes remains incomprehensible, the existing organizational structure of pre-production is not taken into account, the correction of actual data (cutting conditions, time standards) does not meet the requirements of modern aviation production. The article proposes to actively use the integrated design method in CAD TP systems