EFFICACITE DU DROIT A L’EXECUTION DU CREANCIER ET GESTION FRAUDULEUSE DE LA SUCCESSION DU DEBITEUR. ESSAI DE SYSTEMATISATION DE LA FRAUDE SUCCESSORALE

Permanente dans la gestion des héritages des débiteurs, la fraude successorale compromet considérablement les chances de paiement des dettes héréditaires. Se traduisant tantôt par le recel successoral de la part des héritiers, tantôt par le détournement de pouvoir de la part des mandataires chargés de gérer les biens successoraux, elle entraîne une altération du gage général des créanciers successoraux à cause de la diminution du patrimoine du débiteur défunt. Il en résulte une fragilisation du droit à l’exécution des créanciers héréditaires. Il importe dès lors de bien élucider les liens étroits qui s’établissent entre l’efficacité du droit à l’exécution des créanciers et la fraude successorale après la mort du débiteur. Ce qui permettra d’éluder le sacrifice du droit à l’exécution du créancier sur l’autel du crédit

Mechanical Properties and Chemical Stability of Bathroom Wall Composites Manufactured from Recycle Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Mixed with Cocoa Hull Powder

The recovery of plastic waste and agricultural residues has led us to develop composites based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filled with cocoa shell powder. These shells have been previously treated with the organosolv process to improve the fiber-matrix interaction. The objective of this work is to develop wall covering materials to replace tiles which require a lot of energy and from PET. The composites were made by the method of melt mixing followed by compression molding. The mechanical, physico-chemical properties and stability to environmental conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of 20–30% of powder in the matrix made of PET gave rise to a composite material with good properties for application in construction, as a wall covering replacing the tile. The study showed that the optimum powder weight ratio for optimum composite properties was achieved at a powder weight ratio of 30%. The maximum tensile strength of 60.3 MPa, bending strength of 19.5 MPa, impact strength of 10.3 MPa and water absorption of 1.34% were obtained. Compared with ceramic tile, this water absorption test value is within the range and shows that this composite tile is suitable for use as a bathroom tile

Availability of Therapies and Services for Parkinson\u27s Disease in Africa: A Continent-Wide Survey

Background: The growing burden of Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) in Africa necessitates the identification of available therapies and services to improve patient care. Objective: To investigate the availability, affordability, frequency of usage, and insurance coverage of PD therapies (pharmacological, surgical, physical, and speech therapies) and services including specialized clinics, specialists, and nurses across Africa. Methods: A comprehensive web-based survey was constructed and distributed to neurologists/physicians with a special interest in PD across Africa. The survey instrument includes components that address availability, affordability, frequency of use, and insurance coverage of different therapies and services. Results: Responses were received from 28 (of 43 contacted) countries. Levodopa-based oral preparations were always available in 13 countries (46.4%) with variable affordability and “partial or no” insurance coverage in 60% of countries. Bromocriptine was the most available (50%) and affordable ergot dopamine agonists (DA), whereas non-ergot DA was always available in only six countries (21.4%). Trihexyphenidyl was the most available and affordable anticholinergic drug (46.4%). Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were available in most countries (89.3% and 85.7% respectively), with variable affordability. Quetiapine and clozapine were less available. Specialized clinics and nurses were available in 25% and 7.1% of countries surveyed, respectively. Other services were largely unavailable in the countries surveyed. Conclusion: PD-specific therapies and services are largely unavailable and unaffordable in most African countries. The data provide a platform for organizing strategies to initiate or scale up existing services and drive policies aimed at improving access to care and tailoring education programs in Africa