Diagnostic moléculaire d’helicobacter pylori par PCR chez les patients en consultation gastroentérologique au Centre Médical Saint Camille de Ouagadougou

Introduction: L'infection par Helicobacter pylori constitue un problème de santé publique notamment dans les pays en développement. Elle entraine une gastrite pouvant évoluer vers des formes sévères d'ulcération et de transformation maligne. La présenté étude avait pour objectif de diagnostiquer H. pylori par des techniques sérologique et moléculaire au Burkina Faso. Méthodes: L'étude prospective a été conduite de mars à juin 2012 sur 70 patients venus en consultation dans le service de gastroentérologie au Centre Médical Saint Camille. Le diagnostic de H. pylori a été réalisé par le test ELISA Immunocomb (ORGENICS Ltd, Yavne, Israël) et la PCR sur des biopsies gastriques prélevées sur les patients. Résultats: Les pathologies gastroduodénales étaient plus fréquentes chez les patients de plus de 45 ans. Les prévalences de H. pylori étaient respectivement de 88,57% et de 91,43% par sérologie Immunocomb et par PCR. La différence entre les deux techniques n'était pas significative (P = 0,573). La performance de la PCR a été comparée à celle de la technique Immunocomb. Les résultats montrent une sensibilité et une spécificité de 92,2% et 50,0% pour la technique Immunocomb. Conclusion: Le diagnostic de H. pylori par PCR est plus spécifique que le test sérologique Immunocomb et devrait être introduit dans le diagnostic de routine de cette bactérie pathogène au Burkina Faso

Profil de resistance des bacteries a l’Hopital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou

Introduction: La résistance aux antibiotiques constitue de nos jours un véritableproblème de santé publique dans le monde. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé a publié une alerte afin d'inviter la communauté scientifique à intensifier la recherche et le développement de nouvelles molécules antimicrobiennes. L'objectif de cette étude était d'identifier les bactéries pathogènes dans des prélèvements biologiques faisant l'objet de l'alerte de l'OMS et de déterminer leur profil antimicrobien.Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude transversale qui a porté sur les prélèvements biologiques collectés chez des patients ayant consulté à l'hôpital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, durant la période de novembre 2016 à mai 2017.Résultats: Sur un total de 1195 prélèvements reçus et analysés, les principaux germes bactériens isolés étaient: E. coli (40,2%), Klebsiella spp. (16,1%), Enterococcus spp. (10,8%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%), Proteus spp. (3,2%) et Pseudomonas spp., (2,1%). La fréquence des souches multirésistantes étaient de 8,4%, 7%, 5,9%, 4% pour les souches d'E. coli, de Klebsiella spp., de Proteus spp. et de Staphylococcus aureus respectivement.Conclusion: Au regard de ces résultats, il urge de mettre en place un centre desurveillance des résistances aux antibiotiques à Ouagadougou, et d’instaurer une collaboration étroite avec les prescripteurs afin de contrôler et de lutter efficacement contre les résistances au Burkina Faso.Mots clés: Burkina Faso, Antibiorésistance, Entérobactéries, Pseudomonas spp.,Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp.English Title: Resistance profile of bacteria at saint Camille Hospital in OuagadougouEnglish AbstractIntroduction: Antibiotic resistance is nowadays a real public health problem in the world. The World Health Organization has issued an alert to invite the scientific community to intensify the research and development of new antimicrobials. Theobjective of this study was to identify pathogenic bacteria in biological samples that were alerted by WHO and to determine their antimicrobial profile.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that examined the biological samples collected from patients who attended the Saint Camille hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, during the period from November 2016 to May 2017.Results: Of the 1195 samples received and analyzed, the main isolated bacterial strains were: E. coli (40.2%), Klebsiella spp. (16.1%), Enterococcus spp. (10.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (4%), Proteus spp. (3.2%) and Pseudomonas spp., (2.1%). The frequency of multidrug-resistant strains was 8.4%, 7%, 5.9% and 4% for E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.Conclusion: In view of these results, it is necessary to set up an antibiotic resistance surveillance center in Ouagadougou and to establish a close collaboration with the clinicians in order to effectively control and combat resistance in Burkina Faso.Keywords: Burkina Faso, antibiotic resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp

Virus-based pharmaceutical production in plants : an opportunity to reduce health problems in Africa

Background Developing African countries face health problems that they struggle to solve. The major causes of this situation are high therapeutic and logistical costs. Plant-made therapeutics are easy to produce due to the lack of the safety considerations associated with traditional fermenter-based expression platforms, such as mammalian cells. Plant biosystems are easy to scale up and inexpensive, and they do not require refrigeration or a sophisticated medical infrastructure. These advantages provide an opportunity for plant-made pharmaceuticals to counteract diseases for which medicines were previously inaccessible to people in countries with few resources. Main body The techniques needed for plant-based therapeutic production are currently available. Viral expression vectors based on plant viruses have greatly enhanced plant-made therapeutic production and have been exploited to produce a variety of proteins of industrial, pharmaceutical and agribusiness interest. Some neglected tropical diseases occurring exclusively in the developing world have found solutions through plant bioreactor technology. Plant viral expression vectors have been reported in the production of therapeutics against these diseases occurring exclusively in the third world, and some virus-derived antigens produced in plants exhibit appropriate antigenicity and immunogenicity. However, all advances in the use of plants as bioreactors have been made by companies in Europe and America. The developing world is still far from acquiring this technology, although plant viral expression vectors may provide crucial help to overcome neglected diseases. Conclusion Today, interest in these tools is rising, and viral amplicons made in and for Africa are in progress. This review describes the biotechnological advances in the field of plant bioreactors, highlights factors restricting access to this technology by those who need it most and proposes a solution to overcome these limitations

Rice yellow mottle virus is a suitable amplicon vector for an efficient production of an anti-leishmianiasis vaccine in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves

International audienceBackground Since the 2000's, plants have been used as bioreactors for the transient production of molecules of interest such as vaccines. To improve protein yield, "amplicon" vectors based on plant viruses are used. These viral constructs, engineered to carry the gene of interest replicate strongly once introduced into the plant cell, allowing significant accumulation of the protein. Here, we evaluated the suitability of the monocot-infecting RNA virus Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) as an amplicon vector. The promastigote surface antigen (PSA) of the protozoan Leishmania was considered as a protein of interest due to its vaccine properties against canine leishmaniasis. Results Since P1 (ORF1) and CP (ORF3) proteins are not strictly necessary for viral replication, ORF1 was deleted and the PSA gene was substituted to ORF3 in the RYMV-based vector. We evaluated its expression in the best described plant bioreactor system, Nicotiana benthamiana which, unlike rice, allows transient transformation by Agrobacterium. Despite not being its natural host, we demonstrated a low level of RYMV-based vector replication in N. benthamiana leaves. Under optimized ratio, we showed that the P19 silencing suppressor in combination with the missing viral CP ORF significantly enhanced RYMV amplicon replication in N. benthamiana. Under these optimized CP/P19 conditions, we showed that the RYMV amplicon replicated autonomously in the infiltrated N. benthamiana cells, but was unable to move out of the infiltrated zones. Finally, we showed that when the RYMV amplicon was expressed under the optimized conditions we set up, it allowed enhanced PSA protein accumulation in N. benthamiana compared to the PSA coding sequence driven by the 35S promoter without amplicon background. Conclusion This work demonstrates that a non-dicot-infecting virus can be used as an amplicon vector for the efficient production of proteins of interest such as PSA in N. benthamiana leaves

Additional file 1 of Rice yellow mottle virus is a suitable amplicon vector for an efficient production of an anti-leishmianiasis vaccine in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves

Supplementary Material 1

Mother-to-Children Plasmodium falciparum Asymptomatic Malaria Transmission at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Background. Malaria's prevalence during pregnancy varies widely in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of mother-to-child malaria transmission during childbirth at St. Camille Medical Centre in the city of Ouagadougou. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-eight (238) women and their newborns were included in the study. Women consenting to participate in this study responded to a questionnaire that identified their demographic characteristics. Asymptomatic malaria infection was assessed by rapid detection test Acon (Acon Malaria Pf, San Diego, USA) and by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick and thin smears from peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Birth weights were recorded and the biological analyses of mothers and newborns' blood were also performed. Results. The utilization of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) were 86.6% and 84.4%, respectively. The parasitic infection rates of 9.5%, 8.9%, and 2.8% were recorded, respectively, for the peripheral, placental, and umbilical cord blood. Placental infection was strongly associated with the presence of parasites in the maternal peripheral blood and a parasite density of >1000 parasites/µL. Conclusion. The prevalence of congenital malaria was reduced but was associated with a high rate of mother-to-child malaria transmission