69 research outputs found
Improving resilience to climate impacts in West Africa through improved availability, access and use of climate information: dialog with users
The stakeholder workshop on âImproving Resilience to Climate Impacts in West Africa
Through Improved Availability, Access and Use of Climate Information: Dialogue With
Usersâ was convened by the Centre Regional de Formation et d'Application en
Agrométéorologie et Hydrologie Opérationnelle (AGRHYMET) in collaboration with the
International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) with funding and technical
support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the CGIAR
Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Stakeholders from six Permanent Inter-state
Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) countries were invited, in addition to
representatives of five river basin organizations and the African Center of Meteorological
Application for Development (ACMAD). The three-day meeting in Niamey, Niger (January
21-23, 2014) was attended by 40 participants and facilitators. It consisted of five components:
âą Introduction to AGRHYMETâs latest climate data, tools, and information products;
âą Training on the use of the tools for data analysis and visualization;
âą Engagement on the concept of climate risk management in the different sectors;
âą Soliciting feedback and needs from participants, to assess the value of the available tools
and products to users, and inform improvements that are most relevant to stakeholders;
and
âą Exploration of an Advisory Group for improving Climate Services provided by the
AGRHYMET Center.
The workshop introduced and solicited feedback on data, products and decision-support tools
launched to support improved resilience to climate impacts, across sectors, initially targeting
the agriculture, water and disaster risk management communities
Mesusage du tramadol par les adolescents et jeunes adultes en situation de rue
Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude transversale et descriptive Ă©tait de dĂ©crire quelques caractĂ©ristiques de lâaddiction au Tramadol chez les adolescents et jeunes adultes en situation de rue, rattachĂ©s aux centres dâĂ©coute du Service Educatif, Judiciaire et prĂ©ventif (SEJUP) de Niamey. Le recueil des donnĂ©es a portĂ© sur les variables sociodĂ©mographiques et la consommation de tramadol. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es a calculĂ© les moyennes, minima, maxima et Ă©carts types. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que : trois centres dâĂ©coute sur huit participaient Ă lâĂ©tude. LâĂ©chantillon constituait 61 adolescents et jeunes adultes dont lâĂąge moyen Ă©tait de 17,49 ans. Lâanalyse indique que 47 adolescents et jeunes adultes de toutes les catĂ©gories sociodĂ©mographiques (sexe, niveau dâinstruction, provenance familiale ; rĂ©gion de provenance ; antĂ©cdents mĂ©dicaux; antĂ©cĂ©dents judiciaires) Ă©taient usagers du Tramadol. 46 Ă©taient dĂ©pendants du Tramadol. La quantitĂ© moyenne consommĂ©e Ă©tait de 1455,31 ± 901,4mg. Le mĂ©susage du tramadol par les jeunes en situation de rue est probablement une des consĂ©quences de la vente illicite et libre des mĂ©dicaments, dont il est urgent de prĂ©ciser les donnĂ©es mĂ©dicales et sociales.Pan African Medical Journal 2012; 13:5
DĂ©terminants de lâUtilisation de la Contraception par les Femmes en Union dans le District Sanitaire de GuĂ©diawaye, SĂ©nĂ©gal
Objectif : Etudier les dĂ©terminants de lâutilisation de la contraception par les femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©ation en union dans le district sanitaire de GuĂ©diawaye. MĂ©thodologie : Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en Ăąge de procrĂ©er (15 Ă 49 ans) en union qui sâĂ©tait dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 20 DĂ©cembre 2016. Les donnĂ©es recueillies ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec le logiciel Epi info Lâanalyse des facteurs associĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă lâaide du test statistique de chi CarrĂ© au seuil de significativitĂ© de 5%. RĂ©sultats : LâĂąge moyen des enquĂȘtĂ©es Ă©tait de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 39,3% avaient un niveau dâĂ©tudes secondaires et 67,2% exerçaient des activitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©ratrices de revenus. La prĂ©valence contraceptive Ă©tait 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% Ă©taient sous la mĂ©thode injectable. Les enquĂȘtĂ©es appartenaient Ă une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception Ă©taient : lâappartenance Ă une organisation sociale (P<0,05), lâapprobation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du mĂ©nage (p<0,05). Conclusion : Lâimplication des conjoints Ă travers des sĂ©ances de sensibilisations et lâutilisation des mĂ©thodes de longue durĂ©e dâaction (Implant, dispositif Intra UtĂ©rin) contribueraient Ă rendre efficace la planification familiale.
Objective: To study the determinants of contraceptive use by women of childbearing age in union in the Guédiawaye health district. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software. The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 39.3% had a secondary education level and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods (implant, intrauterine device) would help to make family planning effective
Etude des DĂ©terminants de lâUtilisation de la Contraception chez Femmes en Ăge de Reproduction en Union dans le District Sanitaire de GuĂ©diawaye, SĂ©nĂ©gal
Objectif : Etudier les dĂ©terminants de lâutilisation de la contraception chez les femmes en Ăąge de reproduction en union dans le district sanitaire de Guediawaye. MĂ©thodologie : Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en Ăąge de reproduction (15 Ă 49 ans) en union qui sâĂ©tait dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 20 DĂ©cembre 2016. Les donnĂ©es recueillies ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec le logiciel Epi info Lâanalyse des facteurs associĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă lâaide du test statistique de chi CarrĂ© au seuil de significativitĂ© de 5%. RĂ©sultats : LâĂąge moyen des enquĂȘtĂ©es Ă©tait de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 78,2% Ă©taient instruites et 67,2% exerçaient des activitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©ratrices de revenus. La prĂ©valence contraceptive Ă©tait 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% Ă©taient sous la mĂ©thode injectable. Les enquĂȘtĂ©es appartenaient Ă une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception Ă©taient : lâappartenance Ă une organisation sociale (P<0,05), lâapprobation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du mĂ©nage (p<0,05). Conclusion : Lâimplication des conjoints Ă travers des sĂ©ances de sensibilisations et lâutilisation des mĂ©thodes de longue durĂ©e dâaction contribueraient Ă rendre efficace la planification familiale.
Objective: To study the determinants of the use of contraception among women of reproductive age in union in the health district of Guediawaye. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 78.2% were educated and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods would help to make family planning effective
Etude des DĂ©terminants de lâUtilisation de la Contraception chez Femmes en Ăge de Reproduction en Union dans le District Sanitaire de GuĂ©diawaye, SĂ©nĂ©gal
Objectif : Etudier les dĂ©terminants de lâutilisation de la contraception chez les femmes en Ăąge de reproduction en union dans le district sanitaire de Guediawaye. MĂ©thodologie : Il sâagissait dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive, analytique portant sur 600 femmes en Ăąge de reproduction (15 Ă 49 ans) en union qui sâĂ©tait dĂ©roulĂ©e du 5 au 20 DĂ©cembre 2016. Les donnĂ©es recueillies ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec le logiciel Epi info Lâanalyse des facteurs associĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă lâaide du test statistique de chi CarrĂ© au seuil de significativitĂ© de 5%. RĂ©sultats : LâĂąge moyen des enquĂȘtĂ©es Ă©tait de 32,38 ans (±6,1) ; 78,2% Ă©taient instruites et 67,2% exerçaient des activitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©ratrices de revenus. La prĂ©valence contraceptive Ă©tait 46,2% et parmi celles qui utilisaient la contraception, 35,7% Ă©taient sous la mĂ©thode injectable. Les enquĂȘtĂ©es appartenaient Ă une organisation sociale dans 61 % de cas et 56,7% de leurs conjoints approuvaient la PF. Les facteurs liĂ©s Ă lâutilisation de la contraception Ă©taient : lâappartenance Ă une organisation sociale (P<0,05), lâapprobation de la planification familiale par les conjoints (P<0,05) et la discussion sur la PF au sein du mĂ©nage (p<0,05). Conclusion : Lâimplication des conjoints Ă travers des sĂ©ances de sensibilisations et lâutilisation des mĂ©thodes de longue durĂ©e dâaction contribueraient Ă rendre efficace la planification familiale.
Objective: To study the determinants of the use of contraception among women of reproductive age in union in the health district of Guediawaye. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study of 600 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in union which took place from December 5 to 20, 2016. The data collected was analyzed with the Epi info software The analysis of the factors associated with the use of contraception was carried out using the statistical test of chi square at the significance level of 5%. Results: The average age of the respondents was 32.38 years (±6.1); 78.2% were educated and 67.2% engaged in income generating activities. The contraceptive prevalence was 46.2% and among those who used contraception, 35.7% were under the injectable method. Respondents belonged to a social organization in 61% of cases and 56.7% of their spouses approved of FP. Factors related to contraceptive use were: membership in a social organization (P<0.05), spousal approval of family planning (P<0.05), and discussion of FP within the household (p<0.05). Conclusion: The involvement of spouses through awareness sessions and the use of long-acting methods would help to make family planning effective
Stress Prevalence and associated Factors among Bank Employees in Niamey, Niger
Introduction: The difficulties associated with the financial crisis have led to deep restructuring in the banking sector. The consequences are the emergence of stress among employees. The objective of this study was to assess job stress and related factors among bank workers in Niamey.
Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from 24 February to 23 August 2020 among bank workers in Niamey, Niger. A random draw of one agency per bank from four banks of the city, followed by a thorough recruitment of employees from the four selected agencies, was carried out. Stress was measured using the Karasek and Siegrist model. The data had been analyzed with the Epi info7.2 software.
Results: A total of 275 employees had been included. The average age was 38.09 ± 7.1 years. They were 152 men (55.27%), a sex ratio of 1.23. Half (50.55%) were executing agents; 30.91% worked more than 5 days a week. The prevalence of stress was 21.90% and 28%, respectively, according to the Siegrist and Karasek models. Work more than 5 days per week (p=0.0254; OR=2.75), feeling job insecurity (p=0.0047; OR=6.99) with the desire to change jobs (p<0.0041; OR=2.90) were associated with stress. On the other hand, male (p=0.0084; OR=0.42 and feeling satisfied with work (p=0.000; OR=0.10) were protective.
Conclusion: The prevalence of stress in the banking sector in Niger is high. Measures to reduce the number of working days; ensuring job stability; to reward employees and support women's work are necessary to reduce stress
New Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Neisseria meningitidis Serogroups A, W135, C, and Y
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis (meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis) are a major public health concern in the African âmeningitis belt,â which includes 21 countries from Senegal to Ethiopia. Of the several species that can cause meningitis, N. meningitidis is the most important cause of epidemics in this region. In choosing the appropriate vaccine, accurate N. meningitidis serogroup determination is key. To this end, we developed and evaluated two duplex rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for detecting N. meningitidis polysaccharide (PS) antigens of several important serogroups. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies against N. meningitidis PS A, W135/Y, Y, and C were used to develop two immunochromatography duplex RDTs, RDT(1) (to detect serogroups A and W135/Y) and RDT(2) (to detect serogroups C and Y). Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy criteria were used to determine diagnostic accuracy of RDTs on reference strains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using culture and PCR, respectively, as reference tests. The cutoffs were 10(5) cfu/ml for reference strains and 1 ng/ml for PS. Sensitivities and specificities were 100% for reference strains, and 93.8%â100% for CSF serogroups A, W135, and Y in CSF. For CSF serogroup A, the positive and negative likelihood ratios (± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 31.867 (16.1â63.1) and 0.065 (0.04â0.104), respectively, and the diagnostic odds ratio (± 95% CI) was 492.9 (207.2â1,172.5). For CSF serogroups W135 and Y, the positive likelihood ratio was 159.6 (51.7â493.3) Both RDTs were equally reliable at 25 °C and 45 °C. CONCLUSIONS: These RDTs are important new bedside diagnostic tools for surveillance of meningococcus serogroups A and W135, the two serogroups that are responsible for major epidemics in Africa
Field evaluation of two rapid diagnostic tests for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A during the 2006 outbreak in Niger.
The Pastorex((R)) (BioRad) rapid agglutination test is one of the main rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for meningococcal disease currently in use in the "meningitis belt". Earlier evaluations, performed after heating and centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, under good laboratory conditions, showed high sensitivity and specificity. However, during an epidemic, the test may be used without prior sample preparation. Recently a new, easy-to-use dipstick RDT for meningococcal disease detection on CSF was developed by the Centre de Recherche MĂ©dicale et Sanitaire in Niger and the Pasteur Institute in France. We estimate diagnostic accuracy in the field during the 2006 outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A in Maradi, Niger, for the dipstick RDT and Pastorex((R)) on unprepared CSF, (a) by comparing each test's sensitivity and specificity with previously reported values; and (b) by comparing results for each test on paired samples, using McNemar's test. We also (c) estimate diagnostic accuracy of the dipstick RDT on diluted whole blood. We tested unprepared CSF and diluted whole blood from 126 patients with suspected meningococcal disease presenting at four health posts. (a) Pastorex((R)) sensitivity (69%; 95%CI 57-79) was significantly lower than found previously for prepared CSF samples [87% (81-91); or 88% (85-91)], as was specificity [81% (95%CI 68-91) vs 93% (90-95); or 93% (87-96)]. Sensitivity of the dipstick RDT [89% (95%CI 80-95)] was similar to previously reported values for ideal laboratory conditions [89% (84-93) and 94% (90-96)]. Specificity, at 62% (95%CI 48-75), was significantly lower than found previously [94% (92-96) and 97% (94-99)]. (b) McNemar's test for the dipstick RDT vs Pastorex((R)) was statistically significant (p<0.001). (c) The dipstick RDT did not perform satisfactorily on diluted whole blood (sensitivity 73%; specificity 57%).Sensitivity and specificity of Pastorex((R)) without prior CSF preparation were poorer than previously reported results from prepared samples; therefore we caution against using this test during an epidemic if sample preparation is not possible. For the dipstick RDT, sensitivity was similar to, while specificity was not as high as previously reported during a more stable context. Further studies are needed to evaluate its field performance, especially for different populations and other serogroups
Measuring populations to improve vaccination coverage
In low-income settings, vaccination campaigns supplement routine immunization but often fail to achieve coverage goals due to uncertainty about target population size and distribution. Accurate, updated estimates of target populations are rare but critical; short-term fluctuations can greatly impact population size and susceptibility. We use satellite imagery to quantify population fluctuations and the coverage achieved by a measles outbreak response vaccination campaign in urban Niger and compare campaign estimates to measurements from a post-campaign survey. Vaccine coverage was overestimated because the campaign underestimated resident numbers and seasonal migration further increased the target population. We combine satellite-derived measurements of fluctuations in population distribution with high-resolution measles case reports to develop a dynamic model that illustrates the potential improvement in vaccination campaign coverage if planners account for predictable population fluctuations. Satellite imagery can improve retrospective estimates of vaccination campaign impact and future campaign planning by synchronizing interventions with predictable population fluxes
ActivitĂ© AntibactĂ©rienne de lâĂcorce de Pilostigma reticulatum (caesalpiniaceae) Sur des Enterrobacteriaceae et Staphylococcaceae
Les extraits aqueux et mĂ©thanoĂŻque de lâĂ©corce de Pilostigma reticulatum ont Ă©taient testĂ©s sur quatre diffĂ©rentes souches bactĂ©riennes cliniques et quatre souches de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les extraits bruts aqueux et mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sentent une activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne moyenne avec des diamĂštres de zones dâinhibition variant de 9 Ă 12 mm Les extraits de cette plante nâont aucune activitĂ© sur E. coli et E20081AEEQ. Par ailleurs, la fraction acĂ©tate obtenue par fractionnent de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique a montrĂ© une bonne activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne sur S. aureus (18,7 mm), S flexineri (16,7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15,3 mm) et S ATCC29213 (20,7 mm). La fraction dichloromĂ©thane issue du fractionnement de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sente les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques que lâextrait brut mĂ©thanolique. Les extraits aqueux bruts montrent une activitĂ© antimicrobienne faible par rapport Ă lâextrait alcoolique. Le quotient CMI/CMB montrent que cette plante prĂ©sente une activitĂ© bactĂ©ricide.
The aqueous and methanoic extracts of the bark of Pilostigma reticulatum were tested on different clinical bacterial strains and reference strains. Analysis of the results obtained show that the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts have an average antibacterial activity with diameters of inhibition zones varying from 9 to 12 mm. The extracts of this plant have no activity on E. coli and E20081AEEQ. Furthermore, the acetate fraction obtained by fractionating the methanolic extract showed good antibacterial activity on S. aureus (18.7 mm), S flexineri (16.7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15.3 mm) and S ATCC29213 (20.7mm). The dichloromethane fraction resulting from the fractionation of the methanolic extract has the same characteristics as the crude methanolic extract. The crude aqueous extracts show weak antimicrobial activity compared to the alcoholic extract. The CMI/CMB quotient show that this plant has bactericidal activity
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