New cyclic oligothiophenes and their co-oligomers derivatives ofmolecular engineering interest

International audienceThe electronic properties of several series of bridged oligomers and their co-oligomers derivatives of five-membered biheterocycles (bithiophene, bipyrrole, bifuran bridged by CO or CS group) in their linear and cyclic structures (planar rings and crowns), have been studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The stability of ring forms of bridged oligo(6)biheterocycles is evidenced. Moreover, when replacing the CO bridging group by the CS one, in all oligomers the HOMO-LUMO energy gap is reduced, due mainly to the strongest stabilization of the LUMO. This energy gap is further reduced with the introduction of bridged bithiophene or bridged bifuran in the cyclic chain of bridged bipyrrole, thus suggesting an improvement of the conductivity properties of such species. The CS bridged co-oligo(3)(bithiophene-bipyrrole) and CS bridged co-oligo(3)(bifuran-bipyrrole) seems to be promising candidates for molecular engineering applications

Robotic Drilling of Aluminum Alloy: Performance and Hole Quality

This paper presents an experimental approach to evaluate the ability of a six-axis industrial robot to drill aluminum alloy parts. A strategy based on statistical tests has been studied to quantify and predict the relative contribution of cutting parameters on cutting force and shape errors during drilling. This technique is based on the identification of relevant sources of error during high-speed robotic fitting. The machining quality was quantified in terms of dimensional and geometric tolerance, chip formation and evacuation, burr formation, edge build-up, tool wear and surface damage. Statistical analysis of the experimental results reveals a strong dependence between part accuracy and drilling force. An experimental model was developed to represent and predict the cutting force during drilling and an accurate error prediction capability was distinguished. It was found that at high cutting speed and feed rate, the cutting force was the main source of error affecting the accuracy of the machined parts. Verification experiments are performed, and the results reveal that dimensional defects are significantly reduced by a heat treatment effect (90 HRE) and the thrust force decreases with an increase in cutting speed. The recommended cutting speed for robotic drilling is 6000 rpm with a feed rate of 0.15 mm/min. This study provides important technical guidance for improving the robotic drilling of aluminum alloy in practice

The pragmatic mastery of styles-shifting amongst EFL learners and teachers: case of Abu-Bakr Belkaïd University, Tlemcen

Abstract : Language use is conditioned by the context in which such use occurs. Therefore, foreign language learners, just like native speakers, are required to know how to use language appropriately in different contexts. Among the aspects of appropriate use is the choice of the speech style. Therefore, the present research aimed to probe style shifting amongst EFL learners. The point was to investigate which style they use the most when interacting with classmates in comparison to conversing with their teachers, and whether they switch between the different styles or they keep the same style as long as the participant does not change. The study considered a sample of 136 learners and 55 teachers in the department of English at Tlemcen University, Algeria. The study was built on participant observation and online questionnaires. The results revealed that EFL learners and teachers alike systematically employ switch between the different styles regardless of the social status and relational distance between the interlocutors. This indicates that learners master the pragmatic use and shift of styles in relation to context. Keywords: Context; conversation strategies; EFL learners; pragmatically competent; style shiftin

Contraste sociolinguistique, dynamique socioculturelle et variation dialectale, Cas de deux familles d’Adrar installées à Tlemcen

Sociolinguistic Contrast between the North and the South of Algeria – Sociocultural Dynamics and Dialectal Variations, Case of Two Families from Adrar settled in Tlemcen ABSTRACT: The Maghreb countries are known for their linguistic diversity due to ethnic mixing and the different waves of migration brought by Islamic conquests and colonial constraints. Today, each city and each region bears within them, to different degrees, the marks of this history which is rather combined in the plural. This contribution focuses on the correlation between social mobility and dialectal variety to justify certain phenomena such as transculturalism and bidialectism cause of phonetic distortions and semantic changes. An investigation is proposed to validate these phenomena. RÉSUMÉ : Les pays du Maghreb sont connus pour leurs diversités linguistiques dues au brassage ethnique et aux différentes vagues migratoires apportées par les conquêtes islamiques et les invasions coloniales. Aujourd’hui, chaque ville et chaque région porte en elles, à des degrés différents, les marques de cette histoire qui se conjugue plutôt au pluriel. Cette contribution s’intéresse à la corrélation entre mobilité sociale et variété dialectale pour justifier certains phénomènes tels que la transculturation et le bidialectisme, causes de distorsions phonétiques et de changements sémantiques. Une enquête de terrain est proposée pour analyser et comprendre ces phénomènes  

Identification et étude de la valeur nutritionnelle des espèces fourragères spontanées de la région de Doucen wilaya de Biskra

L’alimentation des ruminants domestiques est constituée essentiellement par une végétation annuelle spontanée des pâturages naturels, des jachères ainsi que par les résidus de l'agriculture. La présente étude a pour objectif l'identification et l'étude de la valeur nutritionnelle des espèces fourragères spontanées de la région de Doucen de la wilaya de Biskra. Les relevés floristiques effectués dans quatre stations de pâturage, ont permis de recenser 28 espèces qui se répartissent en16 familles, nos résultats ont montré la dominance des Poacées, Astéraceae et Chénopodiacées qui semblent bien adaptées à l'aridité du milieu. L’étude nutritive a dévoilé que les Zygophylaceae, Brassicaceae, Apocynaceae présentent des taux élevées en MAT (22.08%, 14.46% et 13,18%) respectivement, donc expriment une valeur nutritive importante , alors que les asteraceae présentent les teneurs les plus importantes en CB avec 38,46 % de la MS suivie par les Poaceae et les Plantaginaceae (31.51% et 28,77%) respectivement et sont de moindre valeurs nutritionnelle. L'étude de l'ACP, a réparti les espèces en groupes homogènes distincts et nous a permis de caractériser chaque station. L’un des point majeurs c'est de réfléchir à une gestion durable des parcours de pâturage

Hyperbase Modelling for Integration of Distibuted unknown Structure Documents

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Muslim women’s dynamics of empowerment in the US public space since the 1970s : genealogy and sociology of a women’s activism within Islam

Dans l’histoire religieuse des États-Unis, la féminisation des dénominations protestantes a constitué un processus long et progressif. Cette féminisation a été caractérisée par la participation croissante des femmes dans les institutions religieuses, en tant que fidèles mais aussi en tant que leaders religieux. Bien que l’islam soit considéré comme une religion minoritaire récemment transplantée aux États-Unis, des indices tendent à montrer qu’à l’instar d’autres religions transplantées dans ce pays, comme le judaïsme réformé et le bouddhisme, les institutions islamo-américaines connaissent un processus de féminisation. L’émergence d’une théologie féministe islamique depuis les années 1970, communément appelée « féminisme islamique », et le développement d’un militantisme de terrain, plus particulièrement depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ont contribué à la féminisation de l’islam. Les militantes musulmanes américaines revendiquent une visibilité dans l’espace public et dans le champ religieux islamo-américain. Quels sont leurs revendications, leurs défis et leurs stratégies ? Quels sont les facteurs internes et externes qui ont conduit à la visibilité croissante des femmes et la focalisation autour de la problématique féminine au sein de l’islam américain ? Comment, de façon concrète, la participation croissante des femmes transforme-t-elle les institutions islamo-américaines, les croyances et les pratiques ? Voici certaines des questions que nous soulevons dans notre thèse. Les résultats sont notamment basés sur une étude qualitative exploratoire (entretiens semi-directif et observations participantes). Nous mobilisons également les données d’une étude quantitative sur l’inclusion des femmes au sein de l’espace cultuel publiée en 2013, afin de mettre l’accent sur les transformations du champ religieux islamo-américain.In American religious history, the feminization of Protestant denominations has been a long and gradual process. This feminization has been characterized by the increasing participation of women within religious institutions, not only as worshippers but also as religious leaders. Although Islam is considered to be a newly transplanted minority religion in the United-States, there are indicators revealing that, like many other transplanted religions in the United States, such as Reform Judaïsm and Buddhism, Muslim religious institutions are undergoing a process of feminization. These indicators have included the development of an Islamic feminist theology since the 1970s onwards, commonly called "Islamic feminism", and the emergence of a religious grass-root activism, more significantly since the 9/11 attacks. American Muslim women activists claim visibility in the public sphere and within the US Islamic religious landscape. What are their demands, challenges and strategies ? What are the internal and external factors that have led up to the growing visibility of women and women's issues in American Islam ? How specifically has the increased role of women affected American-Islamic institutions, beliefs or practices ? Those are some of the questions we raise in our thesisThe results are based on a fieldwork (semi-directive interviews and participant observation). We also use the data of a report on the inclusion of women within the American mosque published in 2013. The transformations linked to the increasing women’s participation in the mosque are emphasized

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ARTHROPATHIES ET OSTEOPOROSE DANS L'HEMOCHROMATOSE GENETIQUE DE TYPE HOMOZYGOTE ET HETEROZYGOTE COMPOSITE

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