Dietary pattern of adolescent girls in relation to socio-economic factors; A comparison between North and South Tehran

Comparing dietary pattern and related socio-economic factors among adolescent girls in the North and South of Tehran, the capital of Iran. This cross-sectional and analytical study 210 adolescent girls, aged 14-17 years, from high schools in the North district of Tehran (n=105; high socio-economic level) and the South district (n=105; low socio-economic level) were selected by the two-step, cluster random sampling method. Demographic data, including mothers´ and fathers´ educational levels and parents´ occupation were gathered, using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Three questionnaires of food frequency, one-day 24-hour food recall and one-day 24-hour food record were used for assessing dietary pattern. The results showed that the frequency consumption of certain fatty foods, including dairy products and meat group, and fats in district 1 are higher than in district 19 adolescent girls; based on many differences such as life style and food accessibility. This indicated that there is a significant difference in the quality pattern of fat intake between the two districts. It is suggested to design and implement nutritional intervention programs for adolescent girls, particularly in the low socio- economic districts

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), vitamin E, and combination of these nutrients on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 patients with active RA were divided into four groups receiving one of the following daily supplements for three months: Group C: CLAs 2.5 g equivalent to 2 g mixture of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis12 CLAs in a rate of 50/50; Group E: vitamin E: 400 mg; Group CE: CLAs and vitamin E at above doses: Group P: placebo. After supplementation, SBP levels decreased significantly in the group C in comparison with groups E and P and mean arterial pressure reduced significantly in groups C and CE. There weren’t significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL, cholesterol/HDL, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), arylestrase activity, platelet count and body mass index between groups. CRP dropped nonsignificantly in groups P, C, E and CE (19%, 24%, 55%, and 39%, respectively). Erythrocytes sedimentation rate levels decreased in groups C, E and CE (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that supplementation of CLAs decreased BP and vitamin E decreased CRP. Therefore cosupplementation of CLAs and vitamin E might be profitable for heart disease prevention in RA patients

Effects of administration of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E supplementation on adiponectin gene expression in PBMCs and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels in male patients with CAD

Objective: Adiponectin is a unique anti-atherogenic adipocytokine. Regulation of adiponectin secretion is dysfunctional in cardiovascular diseases. The current trial study assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E on adiponectin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP; also called ap2 and FABP4) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 67 male patients with CAD. First of the four group of participants received 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), second group 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E placebo (OP), or both omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E placebos (PP) for 8 weeks. Adiponectin gene expression and serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels were evaluated. Results: The combination of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E in patients with CAD affected their serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels and the adiponectin/FABP4 ratio significantly. In the OP group, serum adiponectin levels did not change significantly. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids with and without vitamin E had no significant effect on adiponectin gene expression. Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E improve adiponectin levels in patients, without any significant changes in adiponectin gene expression. This nutritional intervention may prevent complications in patients with CAD because of increased adiponectin levels. (Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 15: 981-9

Animal based low carbohydrate diet is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Tehranian adults

Background: To investigate the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score with the risk of type 2 diabetes among adults. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 4356 healthy participants aged � 19 years old, who were followed-up for a mean duration of 3 years within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. LCD score was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire according to intake of carbohydrate, protein, and fat at baseline. Diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of diabetes across quartiles of LCD score. Results: Mean ± SD age of the study participants (44.4 men) was 40.5 ± 13.0 years. The median (25-75 interquartile range) of LCD score was 17.0 (12.0-21.0) and after a 3 year follow-up period, 123 (2.8) incident cases of diabetes were ascertained. After adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, total calorie intake, saturated fatty acid, waist circumference, educational level, and family history of diabetes, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95 CIs) of type 2 diabetes, comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, were 2.16 (1.16-4.04) for total LCD score (P-value = 0.015), 1.81 (1.06-3.11) for animal-based LCD score (P-value = 0.029), and 1.47 (0.85-2.52) for plant-based LCD score (P-value = 0.160). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a higher adherence to LCD, mostly with higher intakes of protein and fat from animal-source foods, can increase the incidence of diabetes; however, a plant-based low-carbohydrate dietary pattern is not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. © 2020 The Author(s)

Association between the empirical dietary inflammatory index and musculoskeletal pain in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Inflammation has been proposed to be one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain. Diet is a lifestyle factor that plays an important role in managing inflammation; thus, we assessed the inflammatory potential of diets using the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII) to investigate the relationship between diet and musculoskeletal pain. Methods This cross-sectional study included 212 elderly individuals who were selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was evaluated using a valid and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. To measure the intensity of pain, a visual analogue scale was used. Multiple linear regression was applied to assess the association between the EDII and musculoskeletal pain. Results In total, 62.7% and 37.3% of participants had mild and severe pain, respectively. The EDII values were 0.97±0.72 and 1.10±0.66, respectively, in those with mild and severe pain. A higher EDII score was associated with more intense musculoskeletal pain after adjusting for age and sex (β=0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.26; p<0.001), but not after adjustment for other confounders (β=–0.13; 95% CI, –1.54 to 0.60; p=0.39). Conclusion Our findings indicated that higher dietary inflammation might not be associated with musculoskeletal pain in older adults. However, further investigations are required to confirm these findings

Az inzulin érzékenyítő roziglitazon 5-fluorouracil okozta csontvelő toxicitást mérséklő, myeloprotectív hatása

Antineoplastic therapy-associated hematopoietic toxicity often results in neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Neutropenia specifically has been shown to force dose reductions, cause treatment delays in subsequent chemotherapy cycles, lead to increased opportunistic infections and ultimately reduce survival. Insulin promotes survival of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. We studied effect of insulin on granulopoiesis in vivo in mice. However the use of insulin in vivo is impractical therefore it is much more convenient to use an agent with similar properties and more moderate metabolic effects such as insulin sensitizers namely rosiglitazone. Our new results: 1. Although insulin is widely used to support colony formation in cultures of hematopoietic progenitor cells, its effects regarding hematopoiesis in vivo have not been documented. Insulin had no effects on colony formation of CFU-GM in healthy bone marrow, but it can preserv more progenitor cells in damaged marrow. 2. An insulin sensitizer drug, namely rosiglitazone in insulin-sensitizing dose had similar effects on normal and damaged bone marrow than insulin. 3. Rosiglitazone pre-treatment accelerated recovery of 5-fluorouracil-damaged bone marrow. Consequently neutropenia was milder. 4. G-CSF, the recently used agent supporting bone marrow regeneration, prior to chemotherapy actually may worsen the toxic effects on bone marrow. In contrast to these observations concurrent use of rosiglitazone with 5-FU repeatedly during 7 consecutive days did not unfavourably influence the population of the CFU-GM progenitor cells. 5. The accelerated recovery based upon a decreased susceptibility of CFU-GM progenitors to 5-FU-toxicity by the end of the 5-day rosiglitazone pre-treatment. 6. Myeloprotection was partly due to direct effects on progenitors, regarding similar effects were observed in the in vitro bone marrow cell cultures than in vivo. 7. In vitro rosiglitazone’s beneficial effects were neutralized by a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist. 8. Rosiglitazone‘s beneficial modifying effect was observed in the similar dose range on the human progenitor cells than on the murine CFU-GM. Thus rosiglitazone might be a real alternative to the existing myeloprotective drugs in the future but further studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal treatment schedules.PhDBibliográfiát tartalma

La question des valeurs dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux

Starting from observation that social action organizations are more particularly caracterized by the important part of uncertainty existing at different levels of their functionings, we distinguish 5 types of attitudes toward this one. Following that, we’ll try to bring out the unspecified character of social workers formation and to understand how far reference to some types of values allows to integrate uncertainty.Partant du constat que ce qui caractérise plus particulièrement les organisations de l’action sociale est la part importante de l’incertitude qui existe aux différents niveaux de leurs fonctionnements, nous distinguons cinq types d’attitudes vis à vis de celle-ci. A la suite de quoi nous mettons en évidence le caractère indéterminé de la formation des travailleurs sociaux et de comprendre dans quelle mesure la référence à certains types de valeurs permet l’intégration de l’incertitude.Djazayeri Hossein. La question des valeurs dans la formation des travailleurs sociaux. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°22, 1998. Les valeurs en éducation et en formation (2) sous la direction de Dominique-Guy Brassart et Francis Danvers. pp. 25-33

Vitamin D supplementation restores suppressed synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease

Objectives: Hippocampus, an appropriate area of brain for assessment of long-term potentiation (LTP), has been found to be susceptible to neural damages caused by Alzheimer's disease. Evidence indicates that vitamin D supports nerve transmission and synaptic plasticity. Vitamin D receptors are expressed in the hippocampus. Methods: The present study evaluates occurrence of LTP in the control (CON) group fed with normal regimen and, three groups of Aβ-treated rats taking normal (ALZ), vitamin D-free (ALZ - D), or 1, 25(OH)2D3 supplemented (ALZ + D) food regimens. In in vivo experiments pre- and post-tetanus field extracellular postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA3-CA1 pathway. Results: We found that the amplitude of baseline fEPSPs was significantly lower in the ALZ group compared with the CON one, lack of vitamin D further declined the amplitude of responses in the ALZ - D animals. While the tetanic stimulation elicited a considerable LTP in the CON rats it was failed to induce LTP in the ALZ animals. Furthermore, the tetanus considerably depressed the amplitude of recordings in the ALZ - D group. 1, 25(OH)2D3 supplementation restored post-tetanus potentiation of fEPSPs amplitude in the ALZ + D groups. Discussion: The present findings signify the crucial role of vitamin D on the basic synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014