Self-Compassion and Aggression in College Students

The growing number of violence among Indonesian college students demanded further attention. Thus, a study is needed to understand the predictors of aggression among college students. The author proposed that self-compassion was related to aggression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and aggression in college students. This study involved 300 college students from three different universities in Jakarta and Depok as research participants. Data collection was conducted using self-report measures. It was found that there was a significantly negative relationship between self-compassion and aggression in college students. The result indicates that high self-compassion was related to low aggression in college students

Corrigendum: Self-Compassion and Aggression in College Students

After the publication of our article titled “Self-Compassion and Aggression in College Students” (Djajadisastra, 2017), we noted that some parts of the article need to be edited

IN SILICO BINDING INTERACTION STUDY OF MEFENAMIC ACID AND PIROXICAM ON HUMAN ALBUMIN

Objective: A drug can replace other drugs in the same binding position in protein plasma, increasing pharmacological response due to the increasedfree drug concentration. Drug shifting is critical when a compound is tightly bound to a protein. For example, a binding fraction change, from 98% to94%, may increase the free fraction 3 times, from 2% to 6%. Knowing that there is an interaction between mefenamic acid and piroxicam on plasmaprotein, more specifically on human albumin, this study aimed to visualize the interaction between both drugs and human albumin in silico.Methods: This study used AutoDock4 as a molecular docking technique, obtaining binding visualizations, binding energies (ΔG), and inhibitionconstants (Ki) of both mefenamic acid-albumin and piroxicam-albumin bindings.Results: It is shown that the ΔG and Ki of both mefenamic acid and piroxicam are −5.47 kcal/mol (98.59 μM) and −7.46 kcal/mol (3.42 μM), respectively.Conclusions: The process of binding mefenamic acid to albumin can be substituted with piroxicam due to its higher ΔG and Ki values. It can bepredicted that this interaction will increase the free mefenamic acid concentration in blood plasma which, in turn, enhances the therapeutic effect

The Indonesian Version of the Depressive Symptom Index-Suicidality Subscale: Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation

Suicide is a severe health problem currently a global concern that causes approximately 703,000 deaths each year. 75% of suicide occurs at productive age, with university students as subgroups that are prone to experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study aimed to adapt Depressive Symptom Index- Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS) into the Indonesian language and evaluate its psychometric properties. The International Test Commission (ITC) requirements were used as a reference in the adaptation process. Moreover, to evaluate the psychometric properties, 510 university students from various regions in Indonesia participated in this study. The result showed that the DSI-SS Indonesia version has good psychometric properties. The corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.837-0.872, with an alpha reliability coefficient of 0.936. The DSI-SS highly correlated with a test that evaluates depression symptoms (the PHQ-9) and a history of suicide attempts. The exploratory factor analysis also supports the validity evidence, indicating that the DSI-SS is a unidimensional scale

EFFICACY OF LOTION CONTAINING FRACTIONS OF SELAGINELLA PLANA LEAVES AND LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL. FRUIT FOR RELIEF OF SKIN ERYTHEMA

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical stability of two lotion formulations containing Selaginella plana and Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) Standl. and investigated their safety and efficacy to relieve erythema due to exposure to the sun.Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial consisting of five treatment groups: Negative control, positive control, neutral control, formulaA test group (containing a 1% ethanolic fraction of S. plana and a 0.5% ethanolic fraction of L. siceraria [Molina] Standl.), and formula B test group(containing a 0.5% ethanolic fraction of S. plana and a 1% ethanolic fraction of L. siceraria [Molina] Standl.). Each group had erythema induced byexposure to sunlight for 30 min between 10:00 and 16:00. The severities of erythema 1, 3, and 24 h after application were assessed.Results: Formula A was significantly better than formula B (p<0.05) at reducing the severity of erythema.Conclusion: Formula A containing a 1% ethanol fraction of S. plana and a 0.5% ethanol fraction of L. siceraria (Molina) Standl. showed the greatestreduction in the level of erythema (p<0.05). S. plana may reduce the prostaglandin synthesis caused by sun exposure

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penghambatan Tirosinase serta Uji Manfaat Gel Ekstrak Kulit Batang Taya (Nauclea subdita) terhadap Kulit

Dayak women in Borneo treat their skin with natural ingredients, one of which is taya cortex (Nauclea subdita). Flavonoids that can be found in natural ingredients have antioxidant effect and can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in melanogenesis process. The research objectives were to measure the antioxidant activity and the inhibition of tyrosinase of taya cortex extract, to obtain a stable formulation of taya cortex extract gel, and to determine the safety and efficacy on human skin. The method used for antioxidant activity test was DPPH method. The inhibition of tyrosinase was conducted with kojic acid as control. The safety and efficacy test were conducted to healthy women ages 35-50 with healthy and normal skin. The results show IC50 value of 568.58 µg/mL in L-tyrosine and 1374.69 µg/mL in L-DOPA for inhibiton of tyrosinase. Antioxidant activity assay of the extract shows IC50 value of 48.78 µg/mL and can be categorized as a powerful antioxidant

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING GUM ARABIC AS A STABILIZING AGENT

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gum arabic (GA) as reducing agent and stabilizer in gold nanoparticle (AuNP) formulation and the antioxidant activity of GA-AuNP. Methods: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by reducing hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) via three techniques: using gum arabic (GA-AuNP), using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with GA as a stabilizing agent (GA-AuNP), and using NaBH4 (AuNP). These nanoparticles were characterized via UV-VIS spectroscopy, TEM, AFM, and PSA. The antioxidant activity of the AuNPs was measured via the DPPH method. Their physical stability was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer over 5 weeks during storage at room temperature. Results: The AuNPs formed using gum arabic as both the reducing agent and stabilizer, using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent with gum arabic as the stabilizer, and using sodium borohydride alone had particle sizes of 6.52 ± 0.66 nm, 4.045 ± 0.99 nm, and 55.82 ± 39.87 nm, respectively. The percentages oxidation inhibition for these particles were 74.39 ± 0.255%, 73.51 ± 0,251%, and 72.63 ± 0.567%, respectively. Conclusion: Gum arabic (GA) was successfully acted as reducing and stabilizing agent to the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and increase the percentage oxidation inhibition of AuNP. The stability test indicated that the GA-AuNP were physically stable for at least 5 weeks

Formulasi Dan Uji Penetrasi Sediaan Gel Transfersom Yang Mengandung Kojyl 3 Amino Propil Fosfat Sebagai Pencerah Kulit

Kojyl 3 APPA is a compound used for skin lightening. Kojyl 3 APPA has a good solubility in water. This causes the hydrophilic nature kojyl 3 APPA difficult to penetrate through the skin. Transfersom is a carrier system that can improve the effectiveness of drug penetration. This study aims to formulate, characterize and evaluate transfersom preparations containing kojyl 3 APPA. Further more transfersom formulated in a gel formulation. Preparation gel was tested its physical stability and in vitro penetration test against non transfersom kojyl 3 APPA. Transfersom gel formulation is physically proven stable at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature storage. In vitro penetration tests showed that kojyl 3 APPA penetration loaded in transfersom gel was 11,16% while for non transfersom gel 8,02%

Pengaruh Polimer dan Peningkat Penetrasi Terhadap Karakter Penetrasi Matriks Sediaan Patch Transdermal Karvedilol

Carvedilol is β-blocker antihypertensive drug with low oral bioavaibility and short half time which causes the frequency of oral drug used more often or the oral dose might be increased. Transdermal patch with the matrix system can deliver drug through skin in controlled within specifi c time period and hopefully it can improve carvedilol bioavaibility and convenience for patients.The aim of research was to fi nd out the effect of polymer and penetration enhancer toward penetration characteristic of carvedilol transdermal patch matrix seen from kinetics release data and penetration data of carvedilol. The polymer ratio of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) : Ethyl cellulose (ES) polymers and Sorbitan Monolaurate (SM) as penetration enhancer concentrations used were F1 (1:1) / 8%, F2 (1: 1) /10%, F3 (2:1) /8%, F4 (2:1)/10%. Formula F1 did not pass in the organoleptictes so next test only carried out for formula F2, F3 and F4. The in vitro release of carvedilol showed formula F2, F3 and F4 lasted for 24 hours and the released kinetics of carvedilol followed the order of 0 and Higuchi. Carvedilol % cumulative from penetration test in vitro showed for F2, F3 and F4 formulas respectively were 15,384%, 16,495% and 18,287%.Karvedilol adalah obat anti hipertensi golongan β-blocker dengan biaovaibilitas oral yang rendah dan t ½ yang pendek yang menyebabkan frekuensi penggunaan obat secara oral menjadi lebih sering atau dosis oral penggunaan harus ditingkatkan. Patch transdermal dengan sistem matriks mampu menghantarkan obat secara terkendali melalui kulit dalam periode waktu tertentu dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan bioavaibilitas karvedilol dan kenyamanan bagi pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh polimer dan peningkat penetrasi terhadap karakter penetrasi matriks sediaan patch transdermal yang dilihat dari data kinetika pelepasan serta data penetrasi karvedilol. Ratio polimer Polivinyl Alkohol (PVA) dan Etil Selulosa (ES) serta konsentrasi peningkat penetrasi Sorbitan Monolaurat (SM) yang digunakan yaitu F1 (1:1 / 8%),F2 (1:1 / 10%), F3(2:1 / 8%), F4(2:1 / 10%). Formula F1 tidak lolos dalam evaluasi organoleptis sehingga uji selanjutnya hanya dilakukan pada formula F2, F3 dan F4. Pelepasan karvedilol secara in vitro menunjukkan formula F2, F3 dan F4 berlangsung selama 24 jam dan kinetika pelepasannya mengikuti orde 0 dan Higuchi. Uji penetrasi in vitro karvedilol menunjukkan % kumulatif karvedilol untuk formula F2, F3 dan F4 yaitu 15,384%, 16,495% dan 18,287%

Pemahaman Diversi Sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 7 UU SPPA

Perubahan Undang-undang No. 3 tahun 1997 tentang pengadilan anak menjadi Undang-undang No. 11 tahun 2012 tetang sistem peradilan pidana anak (SPPA), atau lebih tepatnya pergantian peraturan perudangan tersebut karena dipandang bahwa UU No. 3 tahun 1997 belum mengakomodir kepentinngan terbaik bagi anak, hal ini didasari oleh banyaknya anak yang dipidana maupun di tahan, menurut lembaga penelitian Unicef yang bekerja sama dengan UI bahwa pada tahun 2004-2005 anak yang dipidana penjara sebanyak 2000 (dua ribu) dan ditahan sebanyak 110 (seribu seratus). Oleh sebab itu dipandang perlu bahwa pemidaan bagi anak harus ada perubahan. UU No. 11 tahun 2012 tentang  SPPA merupakan peraturan yang diharapkan mengakomodir kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, sebagaiana tertuang dalam UUNo. 17 tahun 2016 perubahan kedua unndang-undang pelindungan anak, bahwa pemidanaan adalah jalan terakhir (ultimum remedium), dan UU SPPA memuat paraturan pemidanaan yang baru yaitu restoratif dan diversi, yang mana tidak terdapat dalam aturan sebelumnya, alternatif pemidaan tersebut diharapkan bisa menjadi jalan keluar bagi penanganan pelaku tindak pidana anak. namun pada kenyataannya UU SPPA belum bisa menjadi harapan, karena berdasarkan data dari Institut Criminal Justice Sistem (ICJR) sampai dengan bulan Juni 2017 anak yang dipidana sebanyak 2500 (dua ribu lima ratus) berarti ada peningkatan dari tahubn 2005, hal ini disebabkan karena adanya pembatasan yang diatur dalam pasal 7 UU SPPA, namun sebenarnya permasalahan tersebut hanya dari pamahaman yang terlalu rigid sehingga pemidanaan adalah jalan terakhir dan alternatif pemidanaan sebagaimana diharapkan oleh Undang-undang tersebut menjadi tidak bisa dilaksanakan secara optimal.</p