STUDI PERILAKU KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PEKERJA DI LABORATORIUM KIMIA AKAFARMA 17 AGUSTUS 1945

Laboratorium kimia merupakan sarana penting untuk pendidikan, penelitian, pelayanan dan uji mutu atau quality control. berbagai jenis laboratorium kimia telah banyak dimiliki oleh perguruan tinggi maupun sekolah lanjutan atas, industri dan jasa serta lembaga penelitian dan pertambangan. namun masih saja terjadi kecelakaan di dalam laboratorium yang memakan korban, baik itu luka ringan ataupun yang berat, tujuan penelitian menyusun dokumen rencana pengelolaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Laboratorium, mendeskripsikan perilaku pekerja serta melakukan Risk Assesment di laboratorium dan keluhan kesehatan pada pekerja. penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja yang berada di laboratorium kimia I dan II yang berjumlah 41 orang. analisis data menggunakan deskriptif. berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan hasil bahwa perilaku pekerja (pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik) sudah baik, namun pada hasil observasi langsung pada praktik masih kurang. sedangkan pada penilaian risiko yang dilakukan mempunyai nilai risiko 1,2 dan 3 dan untuk keluhan kesehatan pekerja, 24.2% pekerja mengeluh kesehatannya tidak baik saat bekerja di laboratorium. saran yang dapat diberikan perlu adanya penyuluhan kembali tentang pentingnya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di laboratorium serta adanya prosedur tetap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja laboratorium Kata Kunci: perilaku, keselamatan laboratoriu

High prevalence of double Plasmodium falciparum dhfr mutations at codons 108 and 59 in the Sistan-Baluchistan province, Iran

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of retrotransposon-like sequences in Iranian river buffalo

Retrotransposon elements are peculiar genetic elements raised through copy and paste mechanism by retrotransposition. Their ability to move and/or replicate inside the genome is an important evolutionaryforce responsible for the increase of genome size and the regulation of gene expression. In this paper, molecular identification of  retrotransposon-like elements including seven LTR and non-LTR (LINE andSINE) like sequences, which were characterised by cloning RAPD fragments in Iranian river buffalo, is reported. The analysis demonstrated the presence of partial sequences of SINEs (MIRb, Bov-A2, BovtA2, CHR-2_BT and CHR-2B), LINE (L1_Carn7) and LTR (ERVL-B4) in the target genome. The sequences of Bov-tA2 and CHR-2 like elements contain the whole promoter boxes of RNA polymerase III and tRNArelated region with few differences in their nucleotides. This may occur by mutations and extinction of elements during evolution. The identification of these retrotransposable elements for the first time in Iranian river buffalo represents an important step towards the understanding of mechanisms of genome evolution within the species and perhaps will be useful in other related studies on population genetics, speciation and genome manipulation of this species

Introducing Compsobuthus matthiesseni (Birula, 1905) scorpion as one of the major stinging scorpions in Khuzestan, Iran

Khuzestan province has the highest rate of scorpion sting in Iran. This is a study to identify these scorpions in Khuzestan. In this study 418 scorpions were kept in the ethyl alcohol 70, each being studied by stereomicroscopy and diagnosis key separately. 120 (28.7) Androctonus crassicauda, 104 (24.9) Hemiscorpius lepturus, 91 (21.7) Mesobuthus eupeus, 86 (20.65) Compsobuthus matthiesseni, 14 (3.35) Hottentotta saulcyi, 2 (0.5) Orthochirus scrobiculosus and 1 (0.25) Hottentotta schach were identified. H. lepturus is in the Hemiscorpiidae family and the rest are in Buthidae. C. matthiesseni is the most frequent and O. scrobiculosus is the least frequent newly identified scorpion. This study adds two new sting scorpions to the previous list of 8 identified scorpions in Iran. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Molecular characterization of antifolates resistance-associated genes, (dhfr and dhps) in Plasmodium vivax isolates from the Middle East

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Iran, co-infections of <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>and <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>are common and <it>P. vivax </it>infections are often exposed to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). In the present study, the frequency distribution of mutations associated to SP resistance was investigated in <it>pvdhfr </it>and <it>pvdhps </it>genes from field isolates.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Clinical isolates of <it>P. vivax </it>were collected in two different malaria endemic regions in northern and south-eastern Iran, between 2001 and 2006. All 189 collected isolates were analysed for SNP/haplotypes at positions 13, 33, 57, 58, 61, 117 and 173 of the <it>pvdhfr </it>and 383 and 553 of <it>pvdhps </it>genes using nested PCR-RFLP methods</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All 189 examined isolates were found to carry wild-type amino acids at positions 13, 33, 61 and 173, while 57L and 58R and 117N mutations in pure form was detected among 1.1%, 17.5% and 26% examined samples, respectively, with no polymorphisms in different loci of <it>dhps </it>genes. Based on size polymorphism of <it>pvdhfr </it>genes at repeat region, among northern isolates, the frequency distribution for type A and B were 2.2% and 97.8% respectively. However, in southern samples the prevalence of type A, B and C were 7%, 89.5% and 7.7%, respectively. Mixed genotype infections (type B and C) were detected in only 4.2% (6/143) of southern, but in none of the northern isolates. The combination of <it>pvdhfr and pvdhps </it>haplotypes among all 189 samples demonstrated six distinct haplotypes. The two most prevalent haplotypes among all examined samples were I₁₃P₃₃F₅₇S₅₈T₆₁S₁₁₇I₁₇₃/A₃₈₃A₅₅₃(65.6%) and I₁₃P₃₃F₅₇S₅₈T₆₁<b>N</b>₁₁₇I₁₇₃(16.4%). Two other alleles with one point mutation I₁₃P₃₃F₅₇<b>R</b>₅₈T₆₁S₁₁₇I₁₇₃/A₃₈₃A₅₅₃and two mutations I₁₃P₃₃F₅₇<b>R</b>₅₈T₆₁<b>N</b>₁₁₇I₁₇₃/A₃₈₃A₅₅₃accounted for 7.4% and 9.5% of the total isolates.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present molecular data provide important information for making decisions on population based drug use in Iran. In addition, since October 2005, with more availability of SP as first-line treatment, <it>P. vivax </it>isolates are more exposed to SP and the selection or spread of resistant <it>pvdhfr </it>and <it>pvdhps </it>alleles might increase in the near future in this region.</p

Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Iranian river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Microsatellite loci were developed using PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA) for Iranian river buffalo. Blood samples of eighty unrelated individuals from four buffalo populations (Khuzestan,Mazandaran, Guilan and Azarbayejan) were taken and following DNA extraction, isolation of microsatellite loci initiated using enrichment with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. RAPD-PCR fragments were ligated into PTZ57R TA cloning vector and transformed into DH5competent cells. Obtained colonies were screened for presence of repetitive elements by repeatspecific and M13 forward and reverse primers. After designing primer pairs for repeat containing fragments, they were tested in all buffalo populations. Two microsatellite loci (RBBSI and RBBSII) were informative and polymorphic. Number of alleles for RBBSI and RBBSII in 80 individuals was 5 and 6, respectively. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.65 to 0.81. Significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectation occurred for both loci in all populations, but 37.5% of locus/population combination showed the deviation. We postulate that the two newly isolated microsatellite loci during this study could be useful for population genetic studies in Bubalus bubalis

Analysis of von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein (WARP) polymorphism in temperate and tropical Plasmodium vivax field isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The identification of key molecules is crucial for designing transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs), among those ookinete micronemal proteins are candidate as a general class of malaria transmission-blocking targets. Here, the sequence analysis of an extra-cellular malaria protein expressed in ookinetes, named von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein (WARP), is reported in 91 <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>isolates circulating in different regions of Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Clinical isolates were collected from north temperate and southern tropical regions in Iran. Primers have been designed based on <it>P. vivax </it>sequence (ctg_6991) which amplified a fragment of about 1044 bp with no size variation. Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to determine polymorphism and further bioinformatics analysis in <it>P. vivax </it>sexual stage antigen, <it>pvwarp</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Amplified <it>pvwarp </it>gene showed 886 bp in size, with no intron. BLAST analysis showed a similarity of 98–100% to <it>P. vivax </it>Sal-I strain; however, Iranian isolates had 2 bp mismatches in 247 and 531 positions that were non-synonymous substitution [T (ACT) to A (GCT) and R (AGA) to S (AGT)] in comparison with the Sal-I sequence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study presents the first large-scale survey on <it>pvwarp </it>polymorphism in the world, which provides baseline data for developing WARP-based TBV against both temperate and tropical <it>P. vivax </it>isolates.</p

Detection of malaria parasites by nested PCR in south-eastern, Iran: Evidence of highly mixed infections in Chahbahar district

BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnosis and correct treatment of cases are the main objectives of control programs in malaria-endemic areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate these criteria and in a comparative study, blood specimens were collected from 120 volunteers seeking care at the Malaria Health Center in Chahbahar district. One hundred and seven out of 120 Giemsa-stained slides were positive for malaria parasites by microscopy. Eighty-four (70%) and 20 (16.7%) were identified as having only Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections, respectively, while only 3 (2.5%) were interpreted as having mixed P. vivax-P. falciparum infections. The target DNA sequence of the 18S small sub-unit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and used for the diagnosis of malaria in south-eastern Iran. One hundred twenty blood samples were submitted and the results were compared to those of routine microscopy. The sensitivity of PCR for detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria was higher than that of microscopy: nested PCR detected 31 more mixed infections than microscopy and parasite positive reactions in 9 out of the 13 microscopically negative samples. The results also confirmed the presence of P. vivax and P. falciparum. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in places where transmission of both P. vivax and P. falciparum occurs, nested PCR detection of malaria parasites can be a very useful complement to microscopical diagnosis

Cloning, expression and transmission-blocking activity of anti-PvWARP, malaria vaccine candidate, in Anopheles stephensi mysorensis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Notwithstanding progress in recent years, a safe, an effective and affordable malaria vaccine is not available yet. Ookinete-secreted protein, <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein (PvWARP), is a candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The PvWARP was expressed in <it>Escherichia coli </it>BL21 using the pET-23a vector and was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography from a soluble fraction. Polyclonal antibody was raised against rPvWARP and transmission blocking activity was carried out in an <it>Anopheles stephensi</it>-<it>P. vivax </it>model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expression of full length of PvWARP (minus signal peptide) expression showed a 35-kDa protein. The purified protein was recognized by mouse polyclonal antibody directed against rPvWARP. Sera from the animals displayed significantly a blocking activity in the membrane feeding assay of <it>An. stephensi </it>mysorensis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first report on <it>P. vivax </it>WARP expression in <it>E. coli </it>that provides an essential base for development of the malaria TBV against <it>P. vivax</it>. This may greatly assist in malaria elimination, especially in the oriental corner of WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO/EMRO) including Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.</p