The Immigration Laws and Policy in the United States of America

Figure S3. Line plot of the absolute number of cells per lymphocyte subset in 68 non-converting and 17 converting patients with arthralgia. The non-converting patients are depicted from the time point of inclusion. The converting patients are depicted from the time point of conversion and the time before conversion. (TIF 1784 kb

Additional file 1: of Pain, sleep and emotional well-being explain the lack of agreement between physician- and patient-perceived remission in early rheumatoid arthritis

Agreement between physician- and patient-perceived remission in different clinical definitions of response and remission. (PDF 164 kb

An unfavorable body composition is common in early arthritis patients: A case control study

<div><p>Background</p><p>An unfavorable body composition is often present in chronic arthritis patients. This unfavorable composition is a loss of muscle mass, with a stable or increased (abdominal) fat mass. Since it is unknown when this unfavorable composition develops, we compared body composition in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD)-naive early arthritis patients with non-arthritis controls and explored the association, in early arthritis patients, with disease activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p>Methods</p><p>317 consecutive early arthritis patients (84% rheumatoid arthritis according to 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria) and 1268 age-/gender-/ethnicity-matched non-arthritis controls underwent a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan to assess fat percentage, fat mass index, fat mass distribution and appendicular lean (muscle) mass index. Additionally, disease activity, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), acute phase proteins, lipid profile and blood pressure were evaluated.</p><p>Results</p><p>Loss of muscle mass (corrected for age suspected muscle mass) was 4–5 times more common in early arthritis patients, with a significantly lower mean appendicular lean mass index (females 6% and males 7% lower, p<0.01). Patients had more fat distributed to the trunk (females p<0.01, males p = 0.07) and females had a 4% higher mean fat mass index (p<0.01). An unfavorable body composition was associated with a higher blood pressure and an atherogenic lipid profile. There was no relationship with disease activity, HAQ or acute phase proteins.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Loss of muscle mass is 4–5 times more common in early arthritis patients, and is in early arthritis patients associated with a higher blood pressure and an atherogenic lipid profile. Therefore, cardiovascular risk is already increased at the clinical onset of arthritis making cardiovascular risk management necessary in early arthritis patients.</p></div

Prevalence of a low muscle mass for age in early arthritis patients compared with non-arthritis controls.

<p>Prevalence of a low muscle mass for age in early arthritis patients compared with non-arthritis controls.</p

Disease activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis patients, n = 317.

<p>Disease activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis patients, n = 317.</p

Cut off points of ALMI (kg/m²) in non-arthritis controls, for defining a low muscle mass for age, stratified for gender and age categories (mean minus two times SD).

<p>Cut off points of ALMI (kg/m²) in non-arthritis controls, for defining a low muscle mass for age, stratified for gender and age categories (mean minus two times SD).</p

Demographics.

<p>Demographics.</p

Definition of obesity, based on cut offs of body fat percentages by Gallaher et al[29].

<p>Definition of obesity, based on cut offs of body fat percentages by Gallaher et al[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193377#pone.0193377.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>].</p

Arthritic disease activity: anti-MCV positive versus anti-MCV negative patients

Statistical comparisons were performed between anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV)-positive and anti-MCV-negative patients at the indicated time points. Dotted lines represent anti-MCV-positive patients, and straight lines represents anti-MCV-negative patients. *< 0.05; **< 0.005. CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin and disease activity score in early arthritis: a cohort study"</p><p>http://arthritis-research.com/content/10/1/R12</p><p>Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008;10(1):R12-R12.</p><p>Published online 28 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374444.</p><p></p

Body composition indices of non-arthritis controls (females n = 880, males n = 388), and the differences of these indices with early arthritis patients (females n = 220, males n = 97), stratified for gender.

<p>Body composition indices of non-arthritis controls (females n = 880, males n = 388), and the differences of these indices with early arthritis patients (females n = 220, males n = 97), stratified for gender.</p