From the École de Ponts et Chaussées to Portuguese Railways: the transfer of technological knowledge and practices

Despite frequent but minor changes concerning the curricula of the courses, civil engineering, continued to be considered during the 19th century as part of military training, having no autonomous status. Thus, public works kept being carried out by military engineers, who were part of the whole embracing “technical services”, which were in charge of «the defence of the country, civil works, roads, geological and other surveys, draining, improvement of ports and the supervision and management of arsenals.» However, this hybrid profile was increasingly inadequate to the country's needs. In the Portuguese modernization agenda, which was largely based on public works (in particular railways, roads, sanitation and hygiene, and ports), civil engineers embodied the idea of progress, thus playing a decisive role in the “new” Portugal. Although the choice of “buying” foreign scientific and technological knowledge in the European market-place had evident costs to Portugal, namely by delaying the implementation of national centres for developing expertise and skills, the role played by Portuguese engineers that went abroad to attend foreign schools was crucial to the modernization agenda of the 19th century. In a peripheral country such as Portugal the quest for knew and updated technological knowledge relied deeply on the efficiency of a network of formal and informal channels, which acted has vehicles for learning and spreading new skills, new machines and new expertise’s. Studying abroad was part of this overall strategy aiming to appropriate foreign knowledge and to adapt it to local needs and expectations

Le rôle des ingénieurs dans l’administration portugaise: 1852-1900

Peer Reviewe

Bringing it all Back Home: Portuguese Engineers and their Travels of Learning (1850-1900)

During the 19th century travels of learning became more and more focused, within a framework of a growing professionalisation and specialisation of sciences and technology. The dilettante and the polymath of the 18th century gave place to the professional man; the uncompromising travel diaries and notebooks gave place to the technical and scientific report or the textbook; the concept of learning itself swift from a general approach to a well circumscribed field of expertise. It is within this context of the growing specialisation of both the travel and the travellers that the travels of Portuguese engineers during the 19th century will be examined in this paper

Optical Strategies for Generating and Transmitting Signals in OFDM-RoF Systems

Part 17: TelecommunicationsInternational audienceRadio-over-Fiber (RoF) systems which act as backbone networks are very promising means of reducing overall costs of 60 GHz WPANs, as well leading to networks with limited intercellular interference. The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of two systems that generate Optical Single Side Band (OSSB) OFDM signals at the mm-wave band with and without optical up-conversion. Both systems use a DD-MZM: one is a standard model, whereas the other is a DD-MZM cascaded with a phase modulator (PM). The comparative study presented here also includes practical impairments such as the finite extinction ratio of DD-MZMs

Research Project: The Mentoring and Development of Emotional Competence in Nursing Students

Nursing care has a very intense emotional component. Nursing students, in addition to dealing with the frailties inherent in their life processes and personality development, are still subject to an emotionally and socially demanding academic experience. This negatively charged emotionality hinders the teaching-learning process and the academic course. The emotional management depends on perception and individual resources, and it may be necessary for this regulation support and guidance provided by a mentor. The mentoring programs developed in the Institutions of Higher Education contribute to the healthy integration of the student and, consequently, to their socialization and academic success. Mentors provide guidance to students and extrinsic emotional regulation, through support and discussion, and are a resource in managing emotions, contributing to the development of emotional competence in nursing students. This quantiquantitative approach research project aims to contribute to the construction of a mentoring program that promotes the development of emotional competence, essential to academic success and transformative learning in Nursing Degree

Prometheus in the Garden of Eden. Essays on the Anthropocene

The editors thank the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, for financial support under project UIDB/00286/2020 and UIDP/00286/2020publishersversionpublishe

Epidemics and the silent warnings of history

Neste artigo, analisamos o impacto das epidemias em duas cidades portuguesas – a capital, Lisboa, e a cidade do Porto, nodo de uma rede comercial intensa, de meados do século XIX até ao final da primeira década do século XX. Sendo ambas cidades portuárias de um país europeu, periférico, mas com um vasto império colonial, a prevenção e a aplicação de medidas de combate às epidemias, foram, e continuam a ser, fundamentais na gestão, muitas vezes precária, das crises sanitárias. Não temos dúvidas que as reflexões que estes dois casos de estudo nos proporcionam podem ser facilmente recuperadas e readaptadas para a análise da pandemia global da COVID-19. Podemos usar a investigação histórica sobre a forma como temos lidado, enquanto sociedade, com as epidemias e pandemias para melhor atravessarmos os actuais momentos de incerteza e de espanto e definirmos acções futuras que sejam eficazes na alteração das condições que levaram a, em pleno século XXI, parar o mundo. Se é, naturalmente, impossível prever datas e contornos exactos da ocorrência das próximas epidemias, é possível criar as condições locais, nacionais e globais, tanto ao nível ambiental e social, como institucional e político para que lhes possamos responder com muito maior eficácia. Mais que reagir, teremos que ser capazes de antecipar.publishersversionpublishe

Intervenção de enfermagem de saúde infantil com famílias maltratantes : o processo emocional vivido pelos enfermeiros

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