Detection and first molecular characterization of bovine papular stomatitis virus in dairy calves in Argentina

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a parapoxvirus associated with papular and erosive lesions on the muzzle, lips, and oral mucosa of cattle. BPSV infection occurs worldwide; however, it has still not been unequivocally diagnosed. The present report describes an outbreak of BPSV infection affecting dairy calves in northwestern Argentina and provides the first molecular characterization of this virus in the country. The disease was detected in a dairy farm, affecting 33 calves between 2 and 20 days of age. The signs included reddish papules, ulcers, and scabby proliferative lesions on muzzle, lips, and oral mucosa. The affected calves resisted to being fed due to severe local pain. Two necropsies were performed; papulas and ulcers were observed in ruminal and omasal mucosa. Histologically, the affected areas of the skin showed acanthosis, spongiosis, and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with adjacent focally extensive ulcers and multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in the epidermis. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. DNA extracted from scab samples was analyzed by PCR using pan-parapoxvirus primers for the B2L gene. The sequence analysis revealed 99%, 85%, and 84% similarity with BPSV, Pseudocowpox virus, and Orf virus, respectively. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the B2L sequence showed that the virus clustered with BPSV isolates. Although clinical cases compatible with BSPV infection have been frequently described in Argentina, the present report is the first to identify the agent associated with cattle disease in the country.Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre Castro, Laura Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Sandoval, Gabriela Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Avellaneda Caceres, Agustin. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Diodati, Julian Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Andrea Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Campylobacter fetus releases S-layered and immunoreactive outer membrane vesicles = Campylobacter fetus secreta vesículas de membrana externa inmunorreactivas que conservan la capa S

The study of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) became relevant because of their probable important role in the transfer of virulence factors to host cells. Campylobacter fetus is mainly a mammal pathogen whose virulence characterization is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to characterize the secretion of OMVs in this bacterium. By transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed the production of OMVs in all the strains assayed. Purified OMVs showed a spherical shape and variable size, although comparable to those of other gram-negative bacteria. We also confirmed the presence of the S-layer on the surface of the OMVs of all the strains assayed with the exception of those derived from the NTCC reference strain. In addition, we demonstrated their immunoreactivity by the dot-blot assay. Hence, C. fetus OMVs could contribute to the modulation of the host response and constitute a candidate to be evaluated as an adjuvant of current vaccines used in the veterinary field. This work represents a platform to drive future studies towards the role of these subcellular structures in C. fetus-host interaction.El estudio de las vesículas de membrana externa (VME) tomó un rol protagónico, ya que se las ha relacionado con la transferencia de factores de virulencia a la célula hospedadora. Campylobacter fetus es, principalmente, un patógeno de mamíferos cuya virulencia solo ha sido caracterizada de forma limitada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y caracterizar la secreción de VME en esta bacteria. Mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión confirmamos la producción espontánea de VME en todas las cepas estudiadas. Las VME purificadas mostraron una morfología esférica y un tamaño variable, pero compatible con el reporte de otras bacterias gram negativas. Asimismo, hemos demostrado que estas vesículas conservan la capa S en todas las cepas, menos en la cepa de referencia NCTC y hemos confirmado su inmunorreactividad por dot-blot inmunoblot. Estas VME de C. fetus podrían contribuir a la modulación de la respuesta del hospedador y constituir un buen candidato como adyuvante de las actuales vacunas empleadas en el campo veterinario. Este trabajo representa una plataforma para impulsar estudios futuros en torno al rol de estas estructuras subcelulares en la interfase C. fetus-hospedador.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Farace, Pablo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Farace, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Silvio Lorenzo Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Silvio Lorenzo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Taibo, Catalina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Laboratorio Integral de Microscopía; ArgentinaFil: Diodati, Julian Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Laboratorio Integral de Microscopía; ArgentinaFil: Morsella, Claudia Graciela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Unidad Integrada. Laboratorio de Bacteriología-Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Paolicchi, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Unidad Integrada. Laboratorio de Bacteriología-Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Sabio Y Garcia, Julia Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Sabio Y Garcia, Julia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sabio Y Garcia, Julia Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Laboratorio Integral de Microscopía; ArgentinaFil: Gioffre, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Gioffre, Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Isolation and characterization of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 from water buffaloes (<it>Bubalus bubalis</it>) in Argentina

Abstract Background Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) was isolated from dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) naturally affected with respiratory and reproductive clinical conditions. Results Examination of nasal and vaginal swabs collected from 12 diseased buffaloes led to the isolation of three paramyxovirus isolates from two animals. Antigenic, morphological and biological characteristics of these three isolates were essentially similar to those of members of the Paramyxoviridae family. Antigenic analysis by direct immunofluorescence and cross neutralization test placed these isolates together with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3). Nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analysis of partial matrix gene sequences of the buffalo isolates and six field BPIV3 isolates from bovines in Argentina were studied. Buffalo isolates were similar to genotype B (BPIV3b) while the six BPIV3 isolates were similar to genotypes A (BPIV3a) and C (BPIV3c). Conclusions This is the first characterization of BPIV3 in water buffalo. According to the samples analyzed, in Argentina, the genotype B was found in buffalo and the genotypes A and C were found in cattle.</p