Survey of biogenic amines (histamine and spermidine) in commercial seafood by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Abstract in proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of CiiEM: Health, Well-Being and Ageing in the 21st Century, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from 3–5 June 2019.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Marine fish primary hepatocyte isolation and culture: New insights to enzymatic dissociation pancreatin digestion

PTDC/CTA-AMB/29173/2017 UIDB04292/2020 UIDP/04292/2020 UIDB04378/2020 UIDP/04378/2020 UIDB/04138/2020 UIDP/04138/ 2020 PTDC/CTA-AMB/29173/2017, NO-VAID39 grant 2020.09005. BD. DL57/2016/CP1376/CT002 CEECINST/00102/2018Primary cell cultures from wild organisms have been gaining relevance in ecotoxicology as they are considered more sensitive than immortalized cell lines and retain the biochemical pathways found in vivo. In this study, the efficacy of two methods for primary hepatocyte cell isolation was compared using liver from two marine fish (Sparus aurata and Psetta maxima): (i) two-step collagenase perfusion and (ii) pancreatin digestion with modifications. Cell cultures were incubated in L-15 medium at 17 ± 1 °C and monitored for up to six days for cell viability and function using the trypan blue exclusion test, MTT test, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity after Benzo[a]Pyrene exposure. The results showed significant differences between the number of viable cells (p < 0.05), the highest number being obtained for the pancreatin digestion method (average = 4.5 ± 1.9 × 107 cells). Moreover, the hepatocytes showed solid adherence to the culture plate and the rounded shape, changing into a triangular/polygonal shape. The cell viability and function obtained by pancreatin digestion were maintained for five days, and the EROD induction after exposure to the B[a]P showed that cells were metabolically active. This study shows that the optimized pancreatin digestion method is a valid, cost-effective, and simple alternative to the standard perfusion method for the isolation of primary hepatocytes from fish and is suitable for ecotoxicological studies involving marine pollutants, such as PAHs.publishersversionpublishe

Differentiation of the Organoleptic Volatile Organic Compound Profile of Three Edible Seaweeds

Funding Information: This research was funded by FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA (FCT—PORTUGAL), grant number PD/BDE/150627/2020. This research was funded by MAR2020 – PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT, project number MAR-01.03.0-FEAMP-0016. Funding Information: P.C.M. acknowledges Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT—Portugal) for his doctoral grant (PD/BDE/150627/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The inclusion of seaweeds in daily-consumption food is a worthy-of-attention challenge due to their high nutritional value and potential health benefits. In this way, their composition, organoleptic profile, and toxicity must be assessed. This work focuses on studying the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by three edible seaweeds, Grateloupia turuturu, Codium tomentosum, and Bifurcaria bifurcata, with the aim of deepening the knowledge regarding their organoleptic profiles. Nine samples of each seaweed were prepared in glass vials, and the emitted headspace was analyzed, for the first time, with a gas chromatography—ion mobility spectrometry device, a highly sensitive technology. By statistically processing the collected data through PCA, it was possible to accurately differentiate the characteristic patterns of the three seaweeds with a total explained variance of 98%. If the data were pre-processed through PLS Regression, the total explained variance increased to 99.36%. The identification of 13 VOCs was accomplished through a developed database of compounds. These outstanding values in addition to the identification of the main emissions of VOCs and the utilization of a never-before-used technology prove the capacity of GC-IMS to differentiate edible seaweeds based solely on their volatile emissions, increase the knowledge regarding their organoleptic profiles, and provide an important step forward in the inclusion of these highly nutritional ingredients in the human diet.publishersversionpublishe

Toxicity Evaluation of Quantum Dots (ZnS and CdS) Singly and Combined in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

This work was supported by the Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit- UCIBIO which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/Multi/04378/2019) and by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry- LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/QUI/50006/2019) and by the Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE) which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/MAR/04292/2019).The exponential growth of nanotechnology has led to the production of large quantities of nanomaterials for numerous industrial, technological, agricultural, environmental, food and many other applications. However, this huge production has raised growing concerns about the adverse effects that the release of these nanomaterials may have on the environment and on living organisms. Regarding the effects of QDs on aquatic organisms, existing data is scarce and often contradictory. Thus, more information is needed to understand the mechanisms associated with the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. The toxicity of QDs (ZnS and CdS) was evaluated in the freshwater fish Danio rerio. The fishes were exposed for seven days to different concentrations of QDs (10, 100 and 1000 µg/L) individually and combined. Oxidative stress enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase), lipid peroxidation, HSP70 and total ubiquitin were assessed. In general, results suggest low to moderate toxicity as shown by the increase in catalase activity and lipid peroxidation levels. The QDs (ZnS and CdS) appear to cause more adverse effects singly than when tested combined. However, LPO results suggest that exposure to CdS singly caused more oxidative stress in zebrafish than ZnS or when the two QDs were tested combined. Levels of Zn and Cd measured in fish tissues indicate that both elements were bioaccumulated by fish and the concentrations increased in tissues according to the concentrations tested. The increase in HSP70 measured in fish exposed to 100 µg ZnS-QDs/L may be associated with high levels of Zn determined in fish tissues. No significant changes were detected for total ubiquitin. More experiments should be performed to fully understand the effects of QDs exposure to aquatic biota.publishersversionpublishe

Proximate composition, physicochemical and microbiological characterization of edible seaweeds available in the Portuguese market

The aim of this work was the study of the proximate composition and profile of fatty acids, minerals, and some microbiological aspects of four edible seaweed species (Chondrus crispus, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra sp., and Ulva sp.) available in the Portuguese market for food consumption, and produced in a national Integrated Multi-Trophic System (IMTA). Methods: Moisture, ash, and total lipids were determined gravimetrically. Crude protein was analysed by Duma’s combustion procedures. The total carbohydrate content was assayed by the phenol/sulphuric acid method. The assessment of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) was determined through GC-MS. Characterization of elemental analysis was performed by ICP-AES. Different standard microbiological methods were applied for microorganisms. Statistics were performed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to assess significant differences between samples. Results: Lipid contents (n = 3) were very low (1.6–2.3%), particularly in Palmaria palmata, and Chondrus crispus (1.6–1.7%). The protein content (n = 4) varied from 14.4% in P. palmata to 23.7% in Porphyra sp. Carbohydrates (n = 3) were the major constituent of most seaweeds (31–34%), except in Porphyra sp., with higher content in proteins than carbohydrates. Regarding the fatty acid content (n = 4), in general, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the most abundant followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Among macro and trace elements (n = 3), Chondrus crispus shows the highest average content in Zn (71.1 mg·kg−1 D.W.), Palmaria palmata the highest average content in K (124.8 g·kg−1 D.W.), Porphyra sp. the highest average content in P (2.1 g·kg−1 D.W.), and Ulva sp. the highest average content of Ca (5.5 g·kg−1 D.W.), Mg (55.8 g·kg−1 D.W.), and Fe (336.3 mg·kg−1 D.W.). In general, Na and K were the most abundant elements among analysed seaweed. Additionally, the microbiological results (n = 4) comply with the Portuguese guidelines (subgroup 2D) on the application of general principles of food hygiene in ready-to-eat foods. Conclusions: Overall, the results highlight the potential of using these seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of elements and bioactive compounds to produce enriched food products with a beneficial potential for human nutrition.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quantification and identification of adulteration in the fat content of chicken hamburgers using digital images and chemometric tools

In this work, we developed an eco-friendly methodology for quantification and identification of adulteration in the fat content of chicken hamburgers by combining color histograms (in RGB, HSI, and Grayscale channels) obtained from digital images and chemometric tools. For this, 74 samples of chicken hamburgers with a fat content of 14.27–47.55% (w w−1) were studied, taking into account adulterations with a fat content higher than 20% (w w−1), as limited by Argentinean legislation. In both quantitative and qualitative approaches, chemometric models containing HSI histograms achieved the best results, because this is very suitable in situations where there is a need to separate the chromaticity from the intensity. In other words, the opacity of the sample surfaces increases with increasing fat content. PLS/HSI achieved the best quantification result with a R2 of 0.95, RMSEP of 2.01% w w−1, REP of 7.26% w w−1 and RPD of 4.47 in the prediction set, while SPA-LDA/Grayscale + HSI reached the most satisfactory in the test set with only one misclassified sample. Therefore, the proposed methodologies represent excellent alternatives to conventional Soxhlet extraction method, since they follow the primary principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, avoiding waste generation, besides not using either chemical reagents or solvents.Fil: Fernandes, David Douglas de Sousa. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Romeo, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Krepper, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Di Nezio, Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Pistonesi, Marcelo Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Centurión, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Ugulino de Araújo, Mário César. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: de Araújo, Mário César Ugulino. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Goncalves Dias Diniz, Paulo Henrique. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasi

Proximate Composition, Physicochemical and Microbiological Characterization of Edible Seaweeds Available in the Portuguese Market

Background: The aim of this work was the study of the proximate composition and profile of fatty acids, minerals, and some microbiological aspects of four edible seaweed species (Chondrus crispus, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra sp., and Ulva sp.) available in the Portuguese market for food consumption, and produced in a national Integrated Multi-Trophic System (IMTA). Methods: Moisture, ash, and total lipids were determined gravimetrically. Crude protein was analysed by Duma’s combustion procedures. The total carbohydrate content was assayed by the phenol/sulphuric acid method. The assessment of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) was determined through GC-MS. Characterization of elemental analysis was performed by ICP-AES. Different standard microbiological methods were applied for microorganisms. Statistics were performed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to assess significant differences between samples. Results: Lipid contents (n = 3) were very low (1.6–2.3%), particularly in Palmaria palmata, and Chondrus crispus (1.6–1.7%). The protein content (n = 4) varied from 14.4% in P. palmata to 23.7% in Porphyra sp. Carbohydrates (n = 3) were the major constituent of most seaweeds (31–34%), except in Porphyra sp., with higher content in proteins than carbohydrates. Regarding the fatty acid content (n = 4), in general, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the most abundant followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Among macro and trace elements (n = 3), Chondrus crispus shows the highest average content in Zn (71.1 mg ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), Palmaria palmata the highest average content in K (124.8 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), Porphyra sp. the highest average content in P (2.1 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), and Ulva sp. the highest average content of Ca (5.5 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), Mg (55.8 g ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.), and Fe (336.3 mg ⋅ kg - 1 D.W.). In general, Na and K were the most abundant elements among analysed seaweed. Additionally, the microbiological results (n = 4) comply with the Portuguese guidelines (subgroup 2D) on the application of general principles of food hygiene in ready-to-eat foods. Conclusions: Overall, the results highlight the potential of using these seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of elements and bioactive compounds to produce enriched food products with a beneficial potential for human nutrition

A digital image-based traceability tool of the geographical origins of Argentine propolis

Propolis is a hive product prepared by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) widely used in pharmaceutical and food preparationsthat plays beneficial roles beyond basic nutrition and therapeutic properties. These benefits are relatedwith its quality, which depends on various factors, such as geographical origin, botanical sources, collecting seasons,races of honeybees, climatic conditions and also the method of harvest. In this sense, it would be helpful theimplementation of a simple, fast and reliable analytical methodology for quality monitoring of propolis samplesas a traceability tool of its geographical origin. Thus, this work proposes the use of digital images andchemometrics for the classification of raw propolis from six different geographical origins of the Buenos AiresProvince, Argentina. For this purpose, different combinations between a color model (Grayscale, RGB and HSI)and a multivariate classifier (PCA?LDA, SIMCA, kNN, PLS-DA and SPA?LDA) were tested. The best analytical performancewas achieved by SPA?LDA using Intensity histograms, classifying correctly a 100% of the samples inboth training and test sets, taking in account the 27 variables selected by SPA. As a consequence, the proposedmethodology serves to support local apiculturists, guaranteeing the offer of products with a clear indication ofgeographical origin, and enhancing regional capabilities.Fil: Pierini, Gastón Dario. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sousa Fernandes, David Douglas. Universidad Federal de Paraiba; BrasilFil: Goncalves Dias Diniz, Paulo Henrique. Universidad Federal de Paraiba; BrasilFil: Ugulino de Araújo, Mário César. Universidad Federal de Paraiba; BrasilFil: Di Nezio, Maria Susana. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Centurión, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin