Electrochemical characterization of nanoporous nickel oxide thin films spray-deposited onto indium-doped tin oxide for solar conversion scopes

Nonstoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) has been deposited as thin film utilizing indium-doped tin oxide as transparent and electrically conductive substrate. Spray deposition of a suspension of nanoparticles in alcoholic medium allowed the preparation of uniform coatings. Sintering of the coatings was conducted at temperatures below 500°C for few minutes. This scalable procedure allowed the attainment of films with mesoporous morphology and reticulated structure. The electrochemical characterization showed that electrodes possess large surface area (about 1000 times larger than their geometrical area). Due to the openness of the morphology, the underlying conductive substrate can be contacted by the electrolyte and undergo redox processes within the potential range in which is electroactive. This requires careful control of the conditions of polarization in order to prevent the simultaneous occurrence of reduction/oxidation processes in both components of the multilayered electrode. The combination of the open structure with optical transparency and elevated electroactivity in organic electrolytes motivated us to analyze the potential of the spray-deposited films as semiconducting cathodes of dye-sensitized solar cells of p-type when erythrosine B was the sensitizer

Nickel oxide photocathodes prepared using rapid discharge sintering for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

This paper compares the photoelectrochemical performances of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films processed using two different sintering procedures: rapid discharge sintering (RDS) and conventional furnace sintering (CS). Prior to sintering, NiO nanoparticles were sprayed onto substrates to form loosely adherent nanoparticulate coatings. After RDS and furnace sintering the resultant NiO coatings were sensitized with erythrosine B dye and corresponding p-type dyesensitized solar cells were fabricated and characterized. NiO electrodes fabricated using the RDS technique exhibited a fourfold enhancement in electroactivity compared to CS electrodes. A possible explanation is the smaller sintered grain size and more open mesoporous structure achieved using the microwave plasma treatments

An n-sided polygonal model to calculate the impact of cyber security events

This paper presents a model to represent graphically the impact of cyber events (e.g., attacks, countermeasures) in a polygonal systems of n-sides. The approach considers information about all entities composing an information system (e.g., users, IP addresses, communication protocols, physical and logical resources, etc.). Every axis is composed of entities that contribute to the execution of the security event. Each entity has an associated weighting factor that measures its contribution using a multi-criteria methodology named CARVER. The graphical representation of cyber events is depicted as straight lines (one dimension) or polygons (two or more dimensions). Geometrical operations are used to compute the size (i.e, length, perimeter, surface area) and thus the impact of each event. As a result, it is possible to identify and compare the magnitude of cyber events. A case study with multiple security events is presented as an illustration on how the model is built and computed.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 11th International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems, (CRiSIS 2016), Roscoff, France, September 201

Induksi Kalus Daun Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum Linn.) pada Beberapa Kombinasi Konsentrasi 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) dan 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kombinasi konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) dan 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) yang paling optimal menginduksi kalus dari eksplan daun Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi 2,4-D yang terdiri dari 0 ppm; 0,5 ppm; 1 ppm; 1,5 ppm dan 2 ppm dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi BAP yaitu 0 ppm; 1 ppm; 2 ppm; dan 3 ppm. Parameter pengamatan yang diamati, antara lain berat segar kalus (mg), hari saat muncul kalus (HSI), dan warna serta tekstur kalus. Berat segar kalus dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA two-way. Sedangkan hari saat muncul kalus dan warna tekstur kalus dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 45 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI). Hasil uji ANOVA two-way menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 2,4-D, BAP serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut berpengaruh terhadap berat segar kalus daun C. inophyllum Linn. (P ≤ 0,05). Perlakuan kombinasi konsentrasi 2,4-D 0,5 ppm + BAP 2 ppm merupakan kombinasi konsentrasi ZPT yang paling optimal untuk kandungan berat segar kalus yaitu 197,8 mg dan untuk hari muncul kalus lebih cepat yaitu pada 13 HIS. Sedangkan pengamatan terhadap warna dan tektur kalus menunjukkan paling banyak kalus berwarna coklat tua dan bertekstur kompak pada perlakuan yang membentuk kalu

Penggunaan Kisi Plastik Dua Dimensi Pada Pengukuran Bentuk Dan Dimensi Produk Manufaktur Secara Tanpa Kontak Dengan Teknik Moiré

The Use of 2D Plastic Grating for Surface Profile and Dimension Manufacture Product Measurements by Using NDT Moiré Technique. Research of measuring the shape and dimension of object using the moiré technique have been done. Measurement have been made by observing the moiré space as a result of interaction between grating and its shadow casted on the object's surface caused by the projector lamp with CCD camera. The acquired data was further processed by way of off-line. By successive phase shifts that is π/2, π dan 3π/2 towards the table tennis ball at the distance of 48 cm from the light source and CCD camera, with the distance between CCD Camera and light source 13,5 cm and grating space 0,5 mm. It was obtained that convex shape can be identified by resolution of 0,24 mm. Itwas also shown that the biggest difference between the results of using moiré technique and the use of CMM contactmeasurements (Coordinate Measuring Machine) was 0,3 m

Estimating the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factors in osteoporotic hip fracture using Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model in Iran

Backgrounds: The number of hip fractures, the most common complication of osteoporosis, has increased rapidly over the past decades. The goal of this study is to estimate the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factor of the condition using the Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model, which has been suggested and used by epidemiologists to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of Attributable Fraction index. In addition to preventing a risk factor or the avoidable fraction of burden, this index can also calculate the change in the burden, when a risk factor is altered.Methods: International databases were searched through PubMed, CINAHLD, Embase using OVID and Google scholar. National resources were searched through IranDoc, IranMedex, SID and Journal sites. Other resources include abstract books and articles sent to the IOF congress. The following search strategy was used: (" Osteoporotic fracture" OR " Fragility Hip fracture" OR " Calcium" OR " vitamin D" OR " BMI" OR " lean body weight" OR " Physical activity" OR " exercise" OR " Smoke" ) AND (" prevalence" OR " incidence" OR " relative risk" ) and limited to " humans." Results: With regards to different scenarios already explained in modifying the studied risk factors, the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of risk factors on osteoporotic hip fractures, was seen in low serum vitamin D levels, low physical activity and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, respectively. According to the fact that interventions for low serum vitamin D and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, are related to each other, it can be concluded that implementing interventions to change these two risk factors, in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, would result in approximately a 5%, 11% and 17% decrease in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures, respectively. The addition of interventions addressing low physical activity in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, an 8%, 21% and 35% reduction in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures would be reported, respectively.Conclusion: Improving serum vitamin D levels, recommending the consumption of calcium and vitamin D supplementations and advocating physical activity are the most effective interventions to reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. © 2013 Shahnazari et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Limits on the use of cobalt sulfide as anode of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

Thin films of cobalt sulfide (CoS) of thickness l < 10m have been employed as anodes of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs) when P1-sensitized nickel oxide (NiO) was the photoactive cathode and /I - constituted the redox mediator. In the role of counter electrode for p-DSCs, CoS was preferred over traditional platinized fluorine-doped indium oxide (Pt-FTO) due to the lower cost of the starting materials (Co salts) and the easier procedure of deposition onto large area substrates. The latter process was carried out via direct precipitation of CoS from aqueous solutions. The photoconversion efficiency (η) of the corresponding device was 0.07%. This value is about 35% less than the efficiency that is obtained with the analogous p-DSC employing the Pt-FTO anode (η = 0.11). Unlike p-DSCs based on Pt-FTO anodes, the photoelectrochemical cells employing CoS electrodes showed that this anodic material was not able to sustain the photocurrent densities generated by P1-sensitized NiO at a given photopotential. Illumination of the p-DSCs with CoS anodes and P1-sensitized NiO cathodes actually induced the reverse bias of the photoelectrochemical cell with CoS behaving like a p-type semiconductor with no degeneracy. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd

Hubungan Kecukupan Zat Gizi Dan Konsumsi Makanan Penghambat Zat Besi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Lansia

Getting older causes many alterations in the human body such as alterations in anatomy, physiology, economy, and social. This condition can cause a disturbance at the consumption pattern. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relation between nutrients adequacy, consumption patterns of foods which support or inhibit iron absorption andanemia status among elderly. This cross sectional research was held in Airlangga Sub - district, Gubeng District of Surabaya from March until April 2016. Sample was 73 elderlies. The research used cluster random sampling method, which sample was taken from each cluster (Posyandu) proportionally based on the number of elderly at elderly health care (Posyandu). The research collected hemoglobin level data using Easy Touch tool, nutrient intake using 2 × 24 hours Food Recall method and frequency of consumption of foods which support or inhibit iron absorption by using Food Frequency Questionnaire. The result of the research shows that there is a relation of adequacy of folate intake (p = 0.002), coffee consumption (p = 0.045), and tea consumption (p = 0.028) with anemia status among elderly. On the other hand, there is no relation between the adequacy level of protein, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin B12 with anemia status among elderly. The research recommends supplementary food program to elderly with foods which may provide iron or iron absorption enhancer