Identifying tumor antigens and immune subtypes of gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma for immunotherapy development

MALT lymphoma is an extranodal B-cell lymphoma of the marginal zone of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), caused by malignant transformation of B-cells in the marginal zone. In this work, we aim to explore the potential relationship between MALT lymphoma and DLBCL. Vaccines derived from messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) may provide satisfactory results. Despite being a promising treatment option, immunotherapy isn’t widely used in treating renal cell carcinoma, as only a few patients respond to the treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis revealed gene expression profiles and clinical information. Antigen-presenting cells infiltrated the immune system using TIMER tool (http://timer.cistrome.org/). GDSC (Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer) data were used to estimate drug sensitivity. Immune-related genes were associated with a better prognosis in MALT lymphoma patients and higher levels of antigen-presenting cells. There is a significant relationship between these immune subtypes and immunological checkpoints, immunogenic cell death regulators, and prognostic variables for MALT lymphoma patients. In this study, we provide a theoretical foundation for the development of mRNA vaccines and suggest that KLHL14 could potentially be used as antigens to develop mRNA vaccines for MALT lymphoma

Real‐world data for lenalidomide maintenance in responding patients of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

Abstract Background Approximately 40% patients of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) would develop disease recurrence/progression after first‐line R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) induction therapy, with highly poor prognosis. An effective strategy to prolong the survival of this patient population is the additional single‐drug maintenance therapy. lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug with oral activity, has direct anti‐tumor activity and indirect effects mediated by multiple immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as B, T, natural killer (NK), and dendritic cells. Combining its controllable toxicity, it is promising in long‐term maintenance therapy. This study aims at evaluating the clinical effect of lenalidomide maintenance therapy in responding DLBCL patients with R‐CHOP treatment. Methods This retrospective study was devised in DLBCL cases who obtained complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) following 6–8 cycles of R‐CHOP treatment between January 1, 2015 and July 31, 2019. Patients (n = 141) included were respectively assigned to receive lenalidomide maintenance treatment (lenalidomide, n = 50) and drug‐free maintenance treatment (control, n = 91) after CR/PR. lenalidomide was provided orally at 25 mg/day for 10 days, with a cycle of 21 days and a treatment course of 2 years. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was taken as the primary outcome. Results Of the total 141 subjects, the median follow‐up time was 30.9 months (range, 5.7–68.9 months). The 2‐year PFS was 84% (95% CI: 74%–94%) in the lenalidomide group and 53% (95% CI: 43%–63%) in the control group. The median PFS of the lenalidomide group was not reached, and that of the control group was 42.9 months (HR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16–0.63; p = 0.001). No remarkable difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups was indicated (HR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.16–1.12; p = 0.08). Central nervous system (CNS) recurrence happened in 5 patients (5.5%) of the control group, while none of the patients with lenalidomide had CNS recurrence. Additionally, neutropenia and cutaneous reactions were the most common Grade 1–2 adverse reactions after lenalidomide treatment, and neutropenia was the most frequent Grade 3–4 adverse reaction. Conclusion Two‐year lenalidomide maintenance treatment can significantly prolong the PFS of DLBCL patients who obtained CR/PR to first‐line R‐CHOP treatment

Relationship between the Composition and Elastic Modulus of TiZrTa Alloys for Implant Materials

The elastic modulus is a key factor influencing the applications of implant materials because of the weakening effect of stress shielding. Ti and its alloys are good potential implant materials thanks to their low elastic modulus and fine biocompatibility. The addition of alloying elements into pure Ti and Ti alloys is the basic way to further decrease the elastic modulus whilst simultaneously enhancing strength, wearability, and corrosion resistance, for example. Finding the relationship between the composition and elastic modulus can greatly promote the development of Ti alloys with a low modulus for implant applications. In the current work, we investigated the elastic modulus of TiZrTa alloys with scores of compositions by using the high-throughput diffusion couple method, nanoindentation, and an electron probe micro-analysis. The relationship between the elastic modulus and the composition of the TiZrTa alloys was obtained. The average valence electron theory was employed to make clear the variation between the elastic modulus and the composition. Finally, the composition range formulae of TiZrTa alloys likely to have a low modulus were established by combining our data and previous results. These findings are helpful in developing new Ti alloys with a low modulus and also help to further understand the alloying theory

Specific Windows Search for Multi-Ship and Multi-Scale Wake Detection in SAR Images

Traditional ship identification systems have difficulty in identifying illegal or broken ships, but the wakes generated by ships can be used as a major feature for identification. However, multi-ship and multi-scale wake detection is also a big challenge. This paper combines the geometric and pixel characteristics of ships and their wakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and proposes a method for multi-ship and multi-scale wake detection. This method first detects the highlight pixel area in the image and then generates specific windows around the centroid, thereby detecting wakes of different sizes in different areas. In addition, all wake components can be located completely based on wake clustering, the statistical features of wake axis pixels can be used to determine the visible length of the wake. Test results on the Gaofen-3 SAR image show the special potential of the method for wake detection

Specific Windows Search for Multi-Ship and Multi-Scale Wake Detection in SAR Images

Traditional ship identification systems have difficulty in identifying illegal or broken ships, but the wakes generated by ships can be used as a major feature for identification. However, multi-ship and multi-scale wake detection is also a big challenge. This paper combines the geometric and pixel characteristics of ships and their wakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and proposes a method for multi-ship and multi-scale wake detection. This method first detects the highlight pixel area in the image and then generates specific windows around the centroid, thereby detecting wakes of different sizes in different areas. In addition, all wake components can be located completely based on wake clustering, the statistical features of wake axis pixels can be used to determine the visible length of the wake. Test results on the Gaofen-3 SAR image show the special potential of the method for wake detection

Poly(dimethylsilylene)diacetylenes Guided ZIF-based Heterostructures for Full Ku Band Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a group of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), hold promise as building blocks in electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption/shielding materials and devices. In this contribution, we propose a facile strategy to synthesis three dimensional ZIF-67-based hierarchical heterostructures through coordinated reacting a preceramic component, poly(dimethylsilylene)diacetylenes (PDSDA) with ZIF-67, following by carbonizing the PDSDA wrapped ZIF at high temperature. The introduction of PDSDA leads to a controllable generation of surface network containing branched carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) and regional distributed graphitic carbons, in addition to the nanostructures with well-defined size and mesoporous surface made by cobalt nanoparticles. The surface structures can be tailored through variations in pyrolysis temperatures, therefore providing a simple and robust route to form highly structural surface on ZIF-based nanostructures. The heterostructure of nanocomplex allows the existence of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, therefore, yielding a significant improvement on EM wave absorption with a minimum reflection coefficition (RCmin) of -50.9 dB at 17.0 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) covering the Ku band (12.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz)

Characterization of hypothetical proteins Cpn0146, 0147, 0284 & 0285 that are predicted to be in the <it>Chlamydia pneumoniae </it>inclusion membrane

Abstract Background Although more than 100 Chlamydia pneumoniae hypothetical proteins have been predicted to be inclusion membrane proteins, only a few have been experimentally demonstrated to be in the inclusion membrane. Using antibodies raised with fusion proteins, we characterized four such hypothetical proteins encoded by two gene clusters (Cpn0146-147 and Cpn0284-285) in the C. pneumoniae genome. Results Cpn0146 and 0147 were detected in the inclusion membrane while Cpn0284 and 0285 inside inclusion and mainly associated with reticulate bodies although all four proteins contain an N-terminal bi-lobed hydrophobic region, a signature motif assigned to inclusion membrane proteins. These four hypothetical proteins were only detected in cells infected with C. pneumoniae but not other chlamydial species, with Cpn0147 at 6 hours and Cpn0146, 0284 & 0285 at 24 hours after infection. Cpn0146 & 147 but not Cpn0284 and 285 co-localized with a host cell endoplasmic reticulum marker, a property known to be possessed by some chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins, when expressed in the host cell cytosol via transgenes. However, the endoplasmic reticulum localization of the C. pneumoniae inclusion membrane proteins did not result in inhibition of the subsequent C. pneumoniae infection. Conclusion The hypothetical proteins Cpn0146 & 0147 were localized in the C. pneumoniae inclusion membrane while Cpn0284 & 0285 within the inclusion although all four were predicted to be Inc proteins, suggesting the need to experimentally characterize the predicted Inc proteins.</p