A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF MADHUMEHA NASHINI GUTIKA & DARVYADI KWATH IN MADHUMEHA W.S.R. TO DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes has become a dreadful disease in this era. It is also described in Ayurvedic texts in terms of Madhumeha. Diabetes Mellitus is disease known from the dawn of civilization. Sedentary life style, lack of exercise, faulty dietary habits, improper medication & urbanization precipitate the disease. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. As per WHO report, currently half a billion people (12% of the worlds population) are considered obese. As obesity is the one of the root cause of the disease. Observing the current status of prevalence and morbidity of the disease proper medication for the disease is mandatory. In the present study, Madhumeha Nashini Gutika a herbomineral preparation and Darvyadi Kwath (both mentioned in Ayurvedic texts) were selected for clinical trial. The study comprised of a series of 60 patients of Madhumeha. The patients were selected from OPD and IPD of Kayachikitsa of Rishikul Government Ayurvedic P.G. College & Hospital. After evaluating the total effect of therapies it was observed that the Madhumeha Nashinh Gutika & Darvyadi Kwath (Combined therapy) provided better relief to the patients of Madhumeha in comparison to single group therapy

A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO SHEETPITTA W. S. R TO URTICARIA BY AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT - CASE REPORT

Sheetpitta is a Tridoshaja disorder having predominance of Pitta and Vayu and Rasa and Rakta are main Dushyas it can be clinically correlated with urticaria. Urticaria is a dermal vascular reaction of the skin characterized by the appearance of itchy wheals. A 50 year old female patient presented with following complaint - on and off reddish rashes on whole over the body associated with severe itching since four months. She was clinically diagnosed as Sheetpitta or urticaria. The patient was treated with Panchkarma chikitsa and some Ayurvedic Sanshamana drugs. Initially the patient had been administered Snehana with Panchtiktaghrita, Further, Virechana was done with Hritaki (Terminalia chebula), Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa) and Nishotha (Operculina terpethum) kwath (decoction) followed by Sanshaman therapy. The follow up was done for two months during which she had no episodes of rashes or itching. The results of the treatment were encouraging and there were no side effects during the therapy.

A comparative study between total laparoscopic hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy for benign uterine pathologies at tertiary care institute, Udaipur

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in gynaecological surgery. The most common indication is benign uterine disease. As the time is passing trend is towards those approaches which are minimally invasive, less painful, have less complications, less blood loss and are more cosmetic. Thus, total laparoscopic hysterectomy has gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to compare the 2 different routes of hysterectomy.Methods: In this prospective randomized observational study patients undergoing both the types of hysterectomy, that is, TAH (total abdominal hysterectomy) and TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy) during 2 year period at Rajkiya Pannadhay Mahila Chikitsalaya RNT medical college Udaipur were included in the study. 50 women (25 in each group) aged between 31-72 years were included into the study.Results: We observed that duration of surgery was found to be longer in TLH than TAH (112.56±19.45 min versus 57.9±19.26 min, P<0.001 (HS)). The length of hospital stay was less in TLH than TLH (p=0.0001) and the amount of intra-operative blood loss were also less in TLH than TAH (163.60±44.15 versus 313.20±123.48 ml, p<0.001). TLH group had early ambulation compared to TAH group (2.24±0.44 day versus 3.12 ±0.33 day, p<0.001), difference on the basis of length of hospital stay was highly significant which was shorter in TLH than TAH (4.40±1.15 versus 10.32±8.19 days, respectively; p<0.001). In current study patient satisfaction level was found highly significant between TLH and TAH (100% versus 56%, p<0.001).Conclusions: TLH is a safe and effective method of doing hysterectomy. The present study concluded that TLH is associated with less hospital stay, less blood loss, less use of analgesics, early ambulation, early start of oral feed, and better patient satisfaction.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Smart Job First Dynamic Round Robin (SJFDRR) Scheduling Algorithm with Individual Time Quantum for Each Process

Round Robin scheduling is mostly used CPU scheduling algorithm; it gives better result in comparison to other scheduling algorithm. But this algorithm may lead many problems directly related to time quantum. If selected time quantum is large, then the response time of the processes may turn in too high. On the other hand, if time quantum is short, it increases the number of context switch which may lead overhead of the CPU. In this paper, researcher proposed a new algorithm, called Smart Job First Dynamic Round Robin (SJFDRR) with individual time quantum for each process. The proposed algorithm calculates smart priority factor (SPF) and individual time quantum for each process. The factor SPF is calculated on the basis of user priority and system priority. The individual time quantum is calculated on the basis of burst time of the process. Based on the analysis, researcher has shown that the new proposed algorithm (SJFDRR) with individual time quantum solves the fixed time quantum problem and enhanced the performance of Round Robin

Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Leaf of Brahmi, Green Tea and Bulb of Onion Extracts

Utilization of herbs for medicinal purpose started in the early history of mankind several thousand years ago.In the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and gaining popularity both in developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Medicinal plants continue to be an important therapeutic aid for alleviating ailments of humankind. An antioxidant is a molecule capable of terminating the chain reactions that damage cells by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions by thereby reducing stress responsible for many degenerative disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf of Green tea, Brahmi and bulb of Onion collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic content was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the leaf and bulb was assessed against DPPH assay method using standard protocols. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids. The total phenolic content of leaf of Green tea, Brahmi and bulb of Onion was 195.26 ± 12.64, 136.92 ± 21.73 and 112.23 ± 11.36 mg/100mg respectively. The activities of methanolic leaves and bulbs extract against DPPH assay method were concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 20.05±1.86 and 55.98±2.56, 104.45±3.13, 144.37±5.45μg/ml respectively. These studies provided information for correct identification of this plant material. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine. Keywords: Green Tea, Brahmi, Onion, Phytochemical constituents, Antioxidant activit

Design and Performance Evaluation of Smart Job First Dynamic Round Robin (SJFDRR) Scheduling Algorithm with Smart Time Quantum

Round Robin scheduling is mostly used CPU scheduling algorithm; it gives better result in comparison to other scheduling algorithm. But this algorithm may lead many problems directly related to time quantum. If selected time quantum is large, then the response time of the processes may be too high. On the other hand, if time quantum is short, it increases the number of context switch which may lead overhead of the CPU. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, called SJFDRR, based on a new approach called dynamic-time-quantum; the idea of this approach  is to make the CPU Scheduler arrange the process in ascending order on the burst time and assign the system priority and calculate a smart priority factor ‘SPF’ for each process. The process having the smallest ‘SPF’ value will be scheduled first. The time quantum is calculated dynamically. Based on the analysis, we show that the new proposed algorithm (SJFDRR) solves the fixed time quantum problem and increases the performance of Round Robin

Optimizacija kitozanskih filmova kao zamjena za životinjsku i humanu epidermu za in vitro permeaciju polarnih i nepolarnih lijekova

The present investigation is aimed at preparing chitosan films capable of simulating the flux of modal drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and indomethacin (INDO), across rat, rabbit and human cadaver epidermal sheets. Application of statistical design revealed that the concentration of chitosan, crosslinking time and concentration of crosslinking agent significantly influenced the in vitro flux of 5-FU and INDO across chitosan films. Multiple linear regression revealed a linear influence of all these active variables on 5-FU and INDO flux. It was deduced from atomic absorption spectroscopic analyses, DSC and IR spectroscopic data that 5% (m/V) sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) produced optimum crosslinking of chitosan films. The in vitro permeation of both 5-FU and INDO across optimized film formulations was found to be comparable to that obtained across rat, rabbit and human epidermal sheets. These results indicate that optimized chitosan films have a potential to be developed as a substitute for animal and human cadaver epidermal sheets for preliminary in vitro permeation studies.U radu je opisana priprava kitosanskih filmova pogodnih za simulaciju prijelaza modelnih lijekova, 5-fluorouracila (5-FU) i indometacina (INDO), kroz epidermalne slojeve štakora, zeca i čovjeka. Koncentracija kitosana, vrijeme umrežavanja i koncentracija reagensa za umrežavanje značajno su utjecale na in vitro prolaz 5-FU i INDO kroz kitosanske filmove. Multiplom linearnom regresijom pokazano je da sve navedene varijable imaju linearni utjecaj na prolaz 5-FU i INDO. Uz pomoć atomske apsorpcijske spektralne analize, DSC i IR spektroskopskih podataka zaključeno je da je 5%-tna (m/V) otopina natrijevog tripolifosfata (NaTPP) najoptimalnija za umrežavanje kitosanskih filmova. Pronađeno je da je in vitro permeacija 5-FU i INDO kroz optimiziranu formulaciju kitozanskog filma usporediva s permeacijom kroz epidermalne slojeve štakora, zeca i čovjeka. Rezultati upućuju da se optimizirani kitozanski filmovi mogu upotrijebiti kao nadomjestak animalne i humane epiderme u preliminarnim in vitro permeacijskim istraživanjima

Evaluation of antioxidative, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Myrica nagi leaves : an animal model approach

Myrica nagi (family Myricaceae) is commonly known as Kathphal (Hindi) and Bayberry (English) and it has a long history of usage in traditional medicine. It is popular actinorhizal plant for its symbiotic relationship with Frankia. This study was taken in force to estimate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of methanolic extract of Myrica nagi (MMN) in an animal model. Anti-oxidative property of MMN was assessed by free radical scavenging assay (DPPH method). The acute toxicity test of methanolic extract of MMN revealed that the median lethal dose (LD50) was found to be 2080 mg/kg body weight in mice. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by measuring rat paw volume at different time intervals and toxicological analysis using mice. The analgesic effect was measured in Wistar rats using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and MMN at 200 mg/kg BW showed 54.56 % inhibition of writhing. MMN showed higher anti-oxidant activity in DPPH assays as compared to standard. High dose of MMN showed a significant reduction (21.71 %) in inflammation after 4 h of treatment, which was comparable to diclofenac (10 mg/kg BW; 32.75 %)-treated group. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) markers were also observed in serum of MMN-treated animals as compared to control. Taken together, the phenolic compounds of MMN may serve as potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation due to their modulatory action on free radicals

Circadian rhythm disruption and Alzheimer’s disease: The dynamics of a vicious cycle

All mammalian cells exhibit circadian rhythm in cellular metabolism and energetics. Autonomous cellular clocks are modulated by various pathways that are essential for robust time keeping. In addition to the canonical transcriptional translational feedback loop, several new pathways of circadian timekeeping - non-transcriptional oscillations, post-translational modifications, epigenetics and cellular signaling in the circadian clock - have been identified. The physiology of circadian rhythm is expansive, and its link to the neurodegeneration is multifactorial. Circadian rhythm disruption is prevelant in contamporary society where light-noise, shift-work, and transmeridian travel are commonplace, and is also reported from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circadian alignment by bright light therapy in conjunction with chronobiotics is beneficial for treating sundowning syndrome and other cognitive symptoms in advanced AD patients. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and translational reports to review the physiology of the circadian clock, delineate its dysfunction in AD, and unravel the dynamics of the vicious cycle between two pathologies. The review delineates the role of putative targets like clock proteins PER, CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR, and clock-controlled proteins like AVP, SIRT1, FOXO, and PK2 towards future approaches for management of AD. Furthermore, the role of circadian rhythm disruption in aging is delineated