Spatiotemporal Distribution and Abundance of Fry of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) with Special Reference to the Effect of Turbidity on Reproduction

Plexiglass fry traps were used to investigate the abundance and spatiotemporal distribution of bluegill and redear sunfish fry in Ringneck Pond, a small pond in Central Illinois. High spring turbidity delayed spawning of both species. Bluegill fry were more abundant than redear sunfish fry. Small bluegill fry (14 mm to 20 mm TL) inhabited open water more commonly than large bluegill fry (20.5 mm to 26.5 mm TL) but densities of both size groups were highest in a sheltered bay at the north end of the pond. Bluegill fry avoided the surface in open water. Catch rates of bluegill and redear sunfish fry were higher in lighted fry traps than in unlighted fry traps. Fry collected in lighted traps were generally smaller than fry collected in unlighted traps. Species composition, spatial distribution and length frequency of fry collected in traps and by seining in September were similar. Overwinter survival of bluegill fry was low

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Abundance of Fry of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) with Special Reference to the Effect of Turbidity on Reproduction

Plexiglass fry traps were used to investigate the abundance and spatiotemporal distribution of bluegill and redear sunfish fry in Ringneck Pond, a small pond in Central Illinois. High spring turbidity delayed spawning of both species. Bluegill fry were more abundant than redear sunfish fry. Small bluegill fry (14 mm to 20 mm TL) inhabited open water more commonly than large bluegill fry (20.5 mm to 26.5 mm TL) but densities of both size groups were highest in a sheltered bay at the north end of the pond. Bluegill fry avoided the surface in open water. Catch rates of bluegill and redear sunfish fry were higher in lighted fry traps than in unlighted fry traps. Fry collected in lighted traps were generally smaller than fry collected in unlighted traps. Species composition, spatial distribution and length frequency of fry collected in traps and by seining in September were similar. Overwinter survival of bluegill fry was low

Mobile learning devices in the workplace: 'as much a part of the junior doctors' kit as a stethoscope'?

Background Smartphones are ubiquitous and commonly used as a learning and information resource. They have potential to revolutionize medical education and medical practice. The iDoc project provides a medical textbook smartphone app to newly-qualified doctors working in Wales. The project was designed to assist doctors in their transition from medical school to workplace, a period associated with high levels of cognitive demand and stress. Methods Newly qualified doctors submitted case reports (n = 293) which detail specific instances of how the textbook app was used. Case reports were submitted via a structured online form (using Bristol Online Surveys - BOS) which gave participants headings to elicit a description of: the setting/context; the problem/issue addressed; what happened; any obstacles involved; and their reflections on the event. Case reports were categorised by the purpose of use, and by elements of the quality improvement framework (IoM 2001). They were then analysed thematically to identify challenges of use. Results Analysis of the case reports revealed how smartphones are a viable tool to address clinical questions and support mobile learning. They contribute to novice doctors’ provision of safe, effective, timely, efficient and patient-centred care. The case reports also revealed considerable challenges for doctors using mobile technology within the workplace. Participants reported concern that using a mobile phone in front of patients and staff might appear unprofessional. Conclusion Mobile phones blur boundaries between the public and private, and the personal and professional. In contrast to using a mobile as a communication device, using a smartphone as an information resource in the workplace requires different rituals. Uncertain etiquette of mobile use may reduce the capacity of smartphone technology to improve the learning experience of newly qualified doctors

Trial-by-Trial Adjustments of Cognitive Control Following Errors and Response Conflict are Altered in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Background: Impairments of cognitive control have been theorized to drive the repetitive thoughts and behaviors of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) from early in the course of illness. However, it remains unclear whether altered trial-by-trial adjustments of cognitive control characterize young patients. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether trial-by-trial adjustments of cognitive control are altered in children with OCD, relative to healthy controls. Methods: Forty-eight patients with pediatric OCD and 48 healthy youth performed the Multi-Source Interference Task. Two types of trial-by-trial adjustments of cognitive control were examined: post-error slowing (i.e., slower responses after errors than after correct trials) and post-conflict adaptation (i.e., faster responses in high-conflict incongruent trials that are preceded by other high-conflict incongruent trials, relative to low-conflict congruent trials). Results: While healthy youth exhibited both post-error slowing and post-conflict adaptation, patients with pediatric OCD failed to exhibit either of these effects. Further analyses revealed that patients with low symptom severity showed a reversal of the post-conflict adaptation effect, whereas patients with high symptom severity did not show any post-conflict adaptation. Conclusion: Two types of trial-by-trial adjustments of cognitive control are altered in pediatric OCD. These abnormalities may serve as early markers of the illness

SCPS-TP, TCP, and Rate-Based Protocol Evaluation

Tests were performed at Glenn Research Center to compare the performance of the Space Communications Protocol Standard Transport Protocol (SCPS TP, otherwise known as "TCP Tranquility") relative to other variants of TCP and to determine the implementation maturity level of these protocols, particularly for higher speeds. The testing was performed over reasonably high data rates of up to 100 Mbps with delays that are characteristic of near-planetary environments. The tests were run for a fixed packet size, but for variously errored environments. This report documents the testing performed to date

How a mobile app supports the learning and practice of newly qualified doctors in the UK: an intervention study

Background The transition from medical school to the workplace can be demanding, with high expectations placed on newly qualified doctors. The provision of up-to-date and accurate information is essential to support doctors at a time when they are managing increased responsibility for patient care. In August 2012, the Wales Deanery issued the Dr.Companion© software with five key medical textbooks (the iDoc app) to newly qualified doctors (the intervention). The aim of the study was to examine how a smartphone app with key medical texts was used in clinical workplace settings by newly qualified doctors in relation to other information sources and to report changes over time. Methods Participants (newly qualified - Foundation Year 1 - doctors) completed a baseline questionnaire before downloading the iDoc app to their own personal smartphone device. At the end of Foundation Year 1 participants (n = 125) completed exit questionnaires one year later. We used Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to analyse matched quantitative data. Results We report significant changes in our participants’ use of workplace information resources over the year. Respondents reduced their use of hard-copy and electronic versions of texts on PCs but made more use of senior medical staff. There was no significant difference in the use of peers and other staff as information sources. We found a significant difference in how doctors felt about using a mobile device containing textbooks in front of patients and senior medical staff in the workplace. Conclusions Our study indicates that a mobile app enabling timely, internet-free access to key textbooks supports the learning and practice of newly qualified doctors. Although participants changed their use of other resources in the workplace, they continued to consult with seniors. Rather than over-reliance on technology, these findings suggest that the app was used strategically to complement, not replace discussion with members of the medical team. Participants’ uncertainty about using a mobile device with textbook app in front of others eased over time

Recreational fishing in the Kankakee River, Illinois / Bio Notes No. 120

Cover title."June 1984."Bibliography: p. 13