TOTAL PHENOL, FLAVONOID AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ORIGANUM VULGARE L.

Water, ethanol and water-ethanol (1:1, v/v) extractsofthe (ethno)pharmacologically valued plant species Origanum vulgare L. were studied for the total phenol (TP), flavonoid (TF) and heavy metal (HM; Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) content. All three prepared extracts contained a rather high amount of phenolics (23.6-75.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and a low amount of flavonoid compounds (1.0-2.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g). In addition, the content of (toxic) metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) was low (0.4-153 mg/kg). Antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined using a DPPH assay and correlated with TP, TF and HM. According to the obtained results, the high observed radical scavenging activity (75.1-93.8%) is mostly related to the presence of flavonoid and other phenolic compounds. SADRŽAJ UKUPNIH FENOLA, FLAVONOIDA I TEŠKIH METALA, KAO I ANTIOKISIDATIVNA AKTIVNOST EKSTRAKATA BILJNE VRSTE ORIGANUM VULGARE L. U ovom radu su izloženi rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja ukupnih fenola (TP), flavonoida (TF) i teških metala (HM; Zn, Fe, Cu i Mn) u vodenom, etanolnom i vodeno-etanolnom (1:1, v/v) ekstraktu (etno)farmakološki cenjene biljne vrste Origanum vulgare L. U svim ispitivanim ekstraktima  je utvrđeno prisustvo relativno visoke koncentracije fenolnih jedinjenja (23,6-75,2 mg ekvivalenata galne kiseline/g) i niske koncentracije flavonoida (1,0-2,1 mg ekvivalenata kvercetina/g). Pored toga, sadržaj (toksičnih) metala (Zn, Fe, Cu i Mn) je bio relativno nizak (0,4-153 mg/kg). Antioksidativni potencijal ispitivanih ekstrakata je određen DPPH metodom i korelisan sa TP, TF i HM. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, jaka antioksidativna aktivnost (75,1-93,8%) ekstrakata je uglavnom posledica prisustva flavonoida i drugih fenolnih jedinjenja

Supplementary data for article: Dimitrijević, M. S.; Bogdanović Pristov, J.; Žižić, M.; Stanković, D. M.; Bajuk-Bogdanović, D.; Stanić, M.; Spasić, S.; Hagen, W.; Spasojević, I. Biliverdin-Copper Complex at Physiological PH. Dalton Transactions 2019, 48 (18), 6061–6070. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04724c

Supplementary material for: [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/DT/C8DT04724C#!divAbstract]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3066]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3068

Supplementary data for article: Dimitrijević, M. S.; Bogdanović Pristov, J.; Žižić, M.; Stanković, D. M.; Bajuk-Bogdanović, D.; Stanić, M.; Spasić, S.; Hagen, W.; Spasojević, I. Biliverdin-Copper Complex at Physiological PH. Dalton Transactions 2019, 48 (18), 6061–6070. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04724c

Supplementary material for: [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/DT/C8DT04724C#!divAbstract]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3066]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3068

Changes in thymus size, cellularity and relation between thymocyte subpopulations in young adult rats induced by Somatostatin-14

The role of somatostatin on inhibition of both normal and tumor cell cycle, secretion of endocrine and exocrine cells, as well as induction apoptosis is well documented. However, its effect on T cell development and thymic structure is not fully clarified. In order to investigate the influence of somatostatin in vivo on the thymus structure and T cell development, the young adult Albino Oxford male rats were intracerebroventriculary treated with somatostatin-14. We examined the thymus compartments and its cellularity, through assessment of morphometric parameters by stereological method, and the relation between thymocytes subpopulations, over expression of CD4, CD8 and T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta by flow cytometry. Additionally, we also determined the body and thymus weight of the rats, during the first three months of life, to define the time of SRIH-14 application. A decrease of relative thymus weight from the fourth weeks of postnatal life, and an unchanged relative thymus weight obtained in treated group indicates that SRIH-14 in young adult rats inhibits growth of whole organism, not only thymus. The changes in the absolute number and numerical density of cortical thymocytes indicate that SRIH-14 alters the true lymphoid tissue. SRIH-14 changes relation between thymocyte subsets, increase number of CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+)TCR alpha beta(hi) phi thymocyte subsets as well as the CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocytes, while decrease number of CD4+CD8+ TCR alpha beta(low/hi) thymocyte subsets. These results indicate that somatostatin-14 is Dot involved in the control of the physiologic involution of the thymus, although induces thymic weight loss through the reduction of true lymphoid tissue. In addition, changes in frequency of thymocyte subpopulations, especially immature cells, indicate that SRIH-14 modulates thymocytes development and maturation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Somatostatin modulates T cells development in adult rat thymus

It is well known that somatostatin modulates thymic functions, such as binding to receptors. In order to elucidate the influence of somatostatin on the thymus architecture and the T cells maturation, young adult male rats were treated with somatostatin-28. The results showed that somatostatin-28 decreased thymus weight and cellularity, probably due to alterations in the thymic morphometric parameters. Our results also demonstrated that SRIH treatment reduces number of cells with undetectable alpha beta TCR and cells with low expression of alpha beta TCR, while the number of TCR alpha beta(hi) cells remains approximately the same as the values obtained from the control rats. Besides, in the least mature thymocytes (DNTCR TCR alpha beta(-)) and among the most mature the SPCD4 TCR alpha beta(hi) subset remained unaltered, while SPCD8 TCR alpha beta(hi) decreased. At last, it should be noted that SRIH treatment increases DN thymocytes subsets expressing TCR alpha beta(low/hi) (TCR alpha beta(+)). These results suggest that somatostatin-28 induces reshaping of T cells maturation and, at least partly, contributes to thymic weight loss, through the modulation of the complex neuroendocrine-immune network. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit Extracts of Morus nigra L (Moraceae) from Southeast Serbia

Purpose: To evaluate the content of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and anthocyanins) of Morus nigra L. fruit (black mulberry) as well as the antioxidant activities of its extracts. Methods: The contents of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins of the ethanol, ethanol-water (50/50,v/v) and water extracts of black mullbery were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant assay was based on the measurement of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) absorbance at 517 nm caused by the reaction of DPPH with the test sample, and also on the measurement of 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) absorbance at 734 nm caused by the reaction of ABTS with the test sample. Results: Spectrophotometric analysis indicates that the content of total phenol compounds in the extracts varied from 90.26 to 118.84 mg GAE/100 g of fresh mulberry fruit. The content of anthocyanins ranged from 114.83 to 128.68 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside/100 g of fresh fruit (ff). The fruit extract (0.1 ml) showed high antioxidant activity with DPPH radical transformation value of 71.41 % in ethanol-water (50/50, v/v)) extract and good antioxidant activity (relative to trolox equivalent as standard) with ABTS of 55.43 % in the water extract. Conclusion: The high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity of black mulberry from Southeast Serbia underline the nutritive and phytomedicinal potentials of the fruit. Further studies are, however, required before the fruit extract can be exploited in the production of health foods and as an antioxidant carrier in the food and pharmaceutical industries

A survey on macro- and micro-elements, phenolic compounds, biological activity and use of

Introduction. Mulberry is the most medicinally important plant of the genus Morus. The mulberry fruit is used for many medical purposes. The species origin and adaptation, plant description, foliage, flowers and fruit, location, soil, and pests and diseases are summarized. Composition of mulberry. The studies from different countries show that the mulberry plant is rich in phenolic compounds, macro-elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na) and micro-elements (Fe, Zn, Ni). Phenolic compounds are found in all parts of the mulberry plant. Uses. Mulberry fruit can be used for making jam, jelly, pulp, fruit drinks, fruit sauce and cake. Mulberry fruits are rich in anthocyanins and should be exploited for the industrial production of natural color to be used in the food industry. Conclusion. The mulberry plant is of significant biological importance for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Our study suggested the use of mulberry as a potential health food, or important antioxidant carrier in the food and pharmaceutical industries

The formation of Fe3+-doxycycline complex is pH dependent: implications to doxycycline bioavailability

The interactions of drugs with iron are of interest in relation to the potential effects of iron-rich foods and iron supplements on sorption and bioavailability. Doxycycline (DOX), a member of the tetracycline class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, is frequently administered by oral route. In the digestive tract, DOX can be exposed to iron at different pH values (stomach pH 1.5–4, duodenum pH 5–6, distal jejunum and ileum pH 7–8). In relation to this, we analyzed the impact of pH on Fe3+-DOX complex formation. The optimal conditions for Fe3+-DOX complex formation are pH = 4 and [Fe3+]/[DOX] = 6 molar ratio. HESI-MS showed that Fe3+-DOX complex has 1:1 stoichiometry. Raman spectra of Fe3+-DOX complex indicate the presence of two Fe3+-binding sites in DOX structure: tricarbonylamide group of ring A and phenolic-diketone oxygens of BCD rings. The Fe3+-DOX complex formed at pH = 4 is less susceptible to oxidation than DOX at this pH. The increase of pH induces the decomposition of Fe3+-DOX complex without oxidative degradation of DOX. The pH dependence of Fe3+-DOX complex formation may promote unwanted effects of DOX, impeding the absorption that mainly takes place in duodenum. This could further result in higher concentrations in the digestive tract and to pronounced impact on gut microbiota.This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: Korać Jačić J, Dimitrijević MS, Bajuk-Bogdanović DV, Stanković DM, Savić SD, Spasojević IB, MIlenković MR. The formation of Fe3+-doxycycline complex is pH dependent: implications to doxycycline bioavailability. in Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 2023;28:679-687. doi: [10.1007/s00775-023-02018-w]

Biliverdin-copper complex at physiological pH

Biliverdin (BV), a product of heme catabolism, is known to interact with transition metals, but the details of such interactions under physiological conditions are scarce. Herein, we examined coordinate/redox interactions of BV with Cu 2+ in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, using spectrophotometry, HESI-MS, Raman spectroscopy, 1 H NMR, EPR, fluorimetry, and electrochemical methods. BV formed a stable coordination complex with copper in 1:1 stoichiometry. The structure of BV was more planar and energetically stable in the complex. The complex showed strong paramagnetic effects that were attributed to an unpaired delocalized e - . The delocalized electron may come from BV or Cu 2+ , so the complex is formally composed either of BV radical cation and Cu 1+ or of BV radical anion and Cu 3+ . The complex underwent oxidation only in the presence of both O 2 and an excess of Cu 2+ , or a strong oxidizing agent, and it was resistant to reducing agents. The biological effects of the stable BV metallocomplex containing a delocalized unpaired electron should be further examined, and may provide an answer to the long-standing question of high energy investment in the catabolism of BV, which represents a relatively harmless molecule per se. Accepted Author ManuscriptBT/Biocatalysi

A survey on macro- and micro-elements, phenolic compounds, biological activity and use of Morus

Introduction. Mulberry is the most medicinally important plant of the genus Morus. The mulberry fruit is used for many medical purposes. The species origin and adaptation, plant description, foliage, flowers and fruit, location, soil, and pests and diseases are summarized. Composition of mulberry. The studies from different countries show that the mulberry plant is rich in phenolic compounds, macro-elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na) and micro-elements (Fe, Zn, Ni). Phenolic compounds are found in all parts of the mulberry plant. Uses. Mulberry fruit can be used for making jam, jelly, pulp, fruit drinks, fruit sauce and cake. Mulberry fruits are rich in anthocyanins and should be exploited for the industrial production of natural color to be used in the food industry. Conclusion. The mulberry plant is of significant biological importance for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Our study suggested the use of mulberry as a potential health food, or important antioxidant carrier in the food and pharmaceutical industries