Study the Effects of Multilevel Selection in Multi-Population Cultural Algorithm

This is a study on the effects of multilevel selection (MLS) theory in optimizing numerical functions. Based on this theory, a new architecture for Multi-Population Cultural Algorithm is proposed which incorporates a new multilevel selection framework (ML-MPCA). The approach used in this paper is based on biological group selection theory that states natural selection acts collectively on all the members of a given group. The effects of cooperation are studied using n-player prisoner’s dilemma. In this game, N individuals are randomly divided into m groups and individuals independently choose to be either cooperator or defector. A two-level selection process is introduced namely within group selection and between group selection. Individuals interact with the other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. The principal idea behind incorporating this multilevel selection model is to avoid premature convergence and to escape from local optima and for better exploration of the search space. We test our algorithm using the CEC 2015 expensive benchmark functions to evaluate its performance. These problems are a set of 15 functions which includes varied function categories. We show that our proposed algorithm improves solution accuracy and consistency. For 10 dimensional problems, the proposed method has 8 out 15 better results and for 30-dimensional problems we have 11 out of 15 better results when compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and can also include migration

Effect of biofertilizers on soil microbial count, nutrient availability and uptake under november sown onion

Biofertilizers improves the soil microbial content, Soil nutrient status and nutrient uptake by plant. In an experiment, fifteen treatments comprised of various combinations of biofertilizers, organic manures and chemical fertilizers were compared to access the impact of different sources of nutrient on performance of onion. The highest soil organic carbon (0.40%) was observed in the treatments T12 (Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 20 t/ha) and T11 (FYM myctes count (29.9 X 104) was recorded in T11 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + VAM) treatment while highest fungal @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM)). Highest bacterial (24.5 X 106) and actino-count (17.5 X 103) was observed in T3 (Azospirillium+ Recommended dose of NPK) treatment. At the time of harvesting, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were higher in treatment T3 (Azospirillium + Recommended dose of NPK), T9 (Azotobacter+ VAM + Recommended dose of NPK) and T13 (Poultry treatment (162.6 Kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments except T1 and T9 treatments while P uptake (13.6 Kg ha-Manure @ 5t/ha) treatments respectively than that in other treatments. Azospirillum and Azotobacter application along with recommended dose of N, P and K improved the fertility status of soil. The N uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatments. The present study highlights the need of use of biofertilizers along with organic and inorganic 1) was significantly higher in T9 treatment than that in other treatments except T1, T3, T5 and T7 treatments. The K uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatment (126.9 Kg ha-1) as compare to all other treatments except T1 and T9 manures/fertilizer to enhance the nutrient availability and improve soil health

Impactos do crescimento económico da Índia no desenvolvimento social : caso de Uttar Pardesh

Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalO desenvolvimento é um termo com diferentes dimensões e interpretações, sem um significado único. Normalmente, quando se fala no desenvolvimento, a abordagem fica limitada apenas ao crescimento económico. Contudo, o desenvolvimento é uma visão muito mais ampla que inclui outros aspetos importantes também como distribuição do rendimento, bem-estar social, assim como alteração de instituições formais ou informais que permitem maior inclusão social, significando oportunidades. Este trabalho analisa a relação que existe entre o desenvolvimento económico e social, tomando a Índia como um estudo de caso. Dentro da Índia, este trabalho foca-se no Estado de Uttar Pardesh de forma exemplificativa e a partir daí será feita uma análise como o boom económico da Índia iniciado em 1991 beneficiou ou não a sociedade indiana em geral e, em particular, a de Uttar Pardesh. O papel das instituições, formais e informais, é discutido ao longo deste trabalho, uma vez que têm um papel fundamental na alteração de normas sociais e na eficácia das políticas económicas. Contudo, o conflito interinstitucional, isto é, falta de coerência entre instituições formais e informais, leva muitas vezes ao insucesso da visão desenvolvimentista do Estado, algo que é muito evidente na Índia, particularmente no caso de Uttar Pardesh.Development is a term with different dimensions and interpretations, without having a single meaning. Typically, whenever the development issue is discussed, the approach is limited only to economic growth. However, development is a much broader concept which includes other important aspects as well, such as income distribution, social welfare, as well as changes in formal or informal institutions that allow greater social inclusion, meaning opportunities. This paper examines the relationship between economic and social development, taking India as a test case. Within India, this paper focuses on the state of Uttar Pardesh in an exemplary way and thereafter an analysis will be made of how India's economic boom started in 1991 benefited or not Indian society generally, and particularly that of Uttar Pardesh. The role of institutions, both formal and informal, is discussed throughout this work, since they have a fundamental role in changing social norms and in the effectiveness of economic policies. However, the interinstitutional conflict, that is, a lack of coherence between formal and informal institutions, often leads to the failure of the developmentalist view, something that is very evident in India, particularly in the case of Uttar Pardesh.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Location-Specific Tweet Detection and Topic Summarization in Twitter

Abstract-Automatic detection of tweets that provide Location-specific information will be extremely useful in conveying geo-location based knowledge to the users. However, there is a significant challenge in retrieving such tweets due to the sparsity of geo-tag information, the short textual nature of tweets, and the lack of pre-defined set of topics. In this paper, we develop a novel framework to identify and summarize tweets that are specific to a location. First, we propose a weighting scheme called Location Centric Word Co-occurrence (LCWC) that uses the content of the tweets and the network information of the twitterers to identify tweets that are location-specific. We evaluate the proposed model using a set of annotated tweets and compare the performance with other weighting schemes studied in the literature. This paper reports three key findings: (a) top trending tweets from a location are poor descriptors of location-specific tweets, (b) ranking tweets purely based on users' geo-location cannot ascertain the location specificity of tweets, and (c) users' network information plays an important role in determining the location-specific characteristics of the tweets. Finally, we train a topic model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) using a large collection of local news database and tweet-based Urls to predict the topics from the location-specific tweets and present them using an interactive web-based interface

Design and analysis of a solar powered catamaran

The emission of greenhouse gases in the maritime industry is of great concern and the international environmental regulations are getting stricter with a goal to reduce the discharge of these gases into the atmosphere, therefore, it is crucial to count on future-proof technologies and concepts for passenger transportation. this thesis aims to design and analyze a solar powered passenger catamaran capable of navigating at a speed of seven knots in the region of malaga, spain with a capacity of 60 pax without the use of fossil fuels. the mission is to comply with the sustainable development goals (sdg’s) proposed by the united nations in order to provide sustainable means of transportation and reduce the carbon footprint off the planet. the design spiral of the thesis starts with the preliminary design of the vessel in which the hydrodynamics of the hull are carefully studied to optimize the performance and reduce the drag resistance of the hull. three-dimensional models of hull are elaborated using rhinoceros, a computer-aided design (cad) application software and a hydrodynamic analysis of the designed models is carried out using maxsurf modeler, a naval architecture software bundle. the resistance and powering of the ship are calculated using another application maxsurf resistance, a part of the maxsurf software bundle. an in-depth research is carried out for the selection of solar panels, batteries and other equipment for the system to perform in an efficient manner, taking into consideration the safety measures for hazardless navigation. a three-dimensional model of the entire vessel is elaborated using rhinoceros, to study the general distribution of the vessel and carry out stability calculations with high accuracy as the coordinates for the equipment obtained using 3d model are very precise. the structure elements are designed using another cad application autocad and evaluated according to classification society rules in the scantling process so that they meet the requirements of the classification society. the stability criteria are studied for different loadcase conditions with the help of the application maxsurf stability to ensure the safe operation of the vessel at. the data and results obtained through different applications are compiled and evaluated using microsoft excel. the environmental impact due to the use of solar panels is briefly discussed and the feasibility of the project is justified.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::14 - Vida Submarin

Optimization of the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition setup: Investigating the effect of filament placement and exploring the growth conditions for diamond synthesis

The hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) method is widely used for the synthesis of thin films of polycrystalline diamond. These films are used in a broad range of applications, such as coating material on cutting tools, heat spreaders, and electrochemical sensors. HF-CVD offers some unique advantages in terms of simplicity, low equipment cost, and scalability. Recently, a novel HF-CVD system has been designed and built at dept. PME (TU Delft), which should enable diamond deposition over relatively large substrate areas (i.e., two-inch wafers) by employing an array of multiple straight metallic filaments. However, the use of this setup so far has been primarily restricted due to the premature failure of the tungsten filaments. During the high-temperature chemical vapor deposition process, the filaments undergo large deformations due to carburization, leading to the formation of brittle metal carbides. In the initial configuration, the filaments were placed in a custom-made clamping device, obstructing their ability to expand and contract freely, resulting in residual mechanical stresses that caused premature failure of the filaments after cooling down. To enable diamond growth in this setup, a new approach is needed. In this research, different placements of the filaments within the existing clamping device were tested to determine the optimized placement that ensures a longer filament lifespan. Additionally, a preliminary experimental parameter study was performed to investigate the effects of different deposition parameters (i.e., filament-substrate distance, stage temperature, and methane concentration) on the diamond growth on Si (100) substrates. The optimized filament placement was achieved by simply resting the tungsten filament on both electrodes without additional fixations. In this configuration, the filaments could be used for multiple interrupted deposition runs, and even after 162 hours of usage, the filaments remained intact. The average carburization time required to reach a constant filament power consumption and to initiate the thin-film growth of diamond was found to be 8 hours when using 0.5 vol.% methane and 5 hours when using 1.0 vol.%. As the carburization proceeded, the filaments elongated and exhibited a sagging effect. The growth experiments showed that dense polycrystalline diamond films can be synthesized in this setup with growth rates ranging from ~50 nm/h to 300 nm/h depending on the deposition parameters. As diamond growth is a temperature-driven process, the substrate temperature was found to have a particularly strong effect on the film growth rate in the investigated range of 360 to 780 °C. Finally, based on the experimental results, new designs for the clamping device are proposed to maintain straight filaments during the deposition process in future experiments. Mechanical Engineerin