Penyingkatan Waktu Penyalaan Kompor Briket Batubara

Penelitian pembakaran briket batubara untuk mempersingkat waktu penyalaan telah dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan briket promotor bentuk bola yang mengandung oksigenat etil asetat sebanyak 15% berat briket yang berfungsi sebagai penyedia oksigen secara internal dalam material briket karena ketidakcukupan oksigen saat briket promotor mengalami devolatalisasi (fungsi kinetika kimia) dan sebagai penguat terjadinya perpindahan panas konveksi dari bara api pada briket promotor ke briket pemasakan yang diletakkan di sekitarnya karena menambahkan cekukan (dimples) pada permukaan briket promotor berbentuk bola (fungsi perpindahan panas). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menempatkan briket promotor di lapis pertama (atas) di atas dua lapis briket pemasakan dalam kompor briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti efek penambahan, loading dan bentuk briket promotor (bentuk bola, bola dengan dimples) terhadap waktu penyalaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan udara dengan kecepatan superfisial yang diukur pada kondisi dingin sebesar 1,1 m/s. Penelitian juga dilakukan dengan menempatkan briket promotor berbentuk bola dengan dimples di lapis kedua dengan loading 25% dari 3 lapis briket yang digunakan dengan lapis pertama, sisa lapis kedua dan lapis ketiga diisi briket pemasakan. Parameter kecepatan superfisial udara yang diukur pada kondisi dingin divariasikan pada harga-harga 0,6, 1,2 dan 1,8 m/s untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap waktu penyalaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya briket promotor mempercepat waktu penyalaan briket pemasakan hingga 35 menit. Semakin besar loading briket promotor dalam kompor, waktu penyalaannya akan semakin cepat pula. Untuk loading 100%, 75%, 50% dan 25% waktu penyalaan masing-masing adalah 18, 22, 23 dan 25 menit. Dalam hal efek bentuk briket promotor, bentuk bola dengan dimples memiliki waktu penyalaan lebih cepat daripada bentuk bola dengan waktu penyalaan masing-masing 11 menit dan 18 menit. Jadi, waktu penyalaan semakin singkat dengan loading briket promotor semakin besar dan dengan menggunakan briket promotor berbentuk bola dengan cekukan daripada tanpa cekukan. Hasil penelitian dengan menempatkan briket promotor berbentuk bola dengan dimples menunjukkan bahwa waktu penyalaan pada kompor dengan kecepatan superfisial udara 0,6 dan 1,2 m/s hampir sama sebesar 8 menit, sedang dengan kecepatan superfisial 1,8 m/s sebesar 13 menit. Variasi kecepatan superfisial memberi 2 efek yang berlawanan yang bekerja bersamaan terhadap perpindahan panas konveksi yaitu efek turbulensi dan efek quenching. Efek turbulensi mempercepat penyalaan, sedang efek quenching memperlambat penyalaan. Diperkirakan bahwa kecepatan superfisial 1,8 m/s memberi efek quenching lebih besar dibanding efek turbulensi sehingga waktu penyalaan lebih lama

AN EFFECTIVE LEGAL IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST CYBERBULLYING PERPETRATORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS

This research aims to analyze the legal aspects of cyberbullying cases involving adolescents in Indonesia using a normative approach. The study evaluates the effectiveness of existing laws, particularly the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) and related regulations, in protecting adolescents from cyberbullying. The primary objective is to contribute to the development of a more effective legal framework addressing cyberbullying among adolescents. The study's findings emphasize key results and important insights regarding the application of laws in handling cyberbullying cases, highlighting the significance of legal measures in safeguarding adolescents from online harassment

PENGARUH FUNDAMENTAL EKONOMI DAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP HARGA OBLIGASI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Fundamental Ekonomi dan Perusahaan Terhadap Harga Obligasi Emiten Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Indonesia secara parsial maupun simultan pada PT. Bursa Efek Indonesia.Dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, dan random sampel sebanyak 69 data time series serta pengolahan statistik menggunakan SPSS, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Tingkat suku bunga berpengaruh terhadap Harga Obligasi Perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2) Inflasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga obligasi Perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 3) Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga obligasi perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia  4) Return to Equity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga obligasi perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia  5) Return to Investment berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga obligasi perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia  6) Tingkat suku bunga, inflasi, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Equity dan Rweturn on Investment secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Obligasi Perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebesar 36,1%,  sisanya 63,9 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRESSIVE LAW AGAINST THE DEFENDANT ABILITY TO ACHIEVE SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE

The enactment of the law in society aims to create justice, legal certainty, benefit and social empowerment for the community, to lead to the ideals of the court as a protector of society, the judge must always prioritize the 4 (four) legal objectives above in every decision he makes. This is in line with what the law is based on, namely the law for the welfare of the community. The poor are often victims of unfair law enforcement due to their ignorance of law enforcement and financial incompetence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the progressive law applied to poor defendants seeking substantive justice and to find out and analyze the state should be able to assist poor defendants in the judicial process in accordance with the rule of law principle. This research uses normative juridical method. Judges in deciding legal cases for the poor should have a progressive view, thus judges will conceptualize each article in the legislation not only as a statement about the existence of a causal (cause and effect) relationship that is straightforward according to logical law but also always contains moral substance originating from ethics and professionalism of judges

The Use of a Jet Column with Different Nozzles as a Reactor for Biodiesel Reaction with Crude Palm Oil as Feedstock

Biodiesel may be produced by trans-esterification reaction of vegetable oil, which transforms triglycerides into alkyl esters as biodiesel and glycerol as a byproduct, in the presence of an alcohol reactant and a acid or base catalyst. The major obstacle of preventing biodiesel commercialisation is low mass transfer rates from methanol into oil phase to achieve high yield due to large difference in fluid viscosities, i.e. low viscosity methanol and high viscosity oil. Many techniques have been proposed to overcome this obstacle, most of which involve high mole ratio of methanol to triglycerides exceeding 6, but none of them utilised fluid mechanic techniques to fix up the obstacle. The present research adopts a finding in fluid mechanic field that notched and tabbed nozzles are capable of intensifying shear stress between 2 different flows, which consequently increases the contact areas of the flows considerably. For this purpose, in the present research, a jet column was utilised as a reactor where the mixture of reactants, i.e. crude palm oil (CPO) and methanol with catalyst NaOH were recirculated and injected downward vertically into the reactor column from a nozzle at the top of reactor. The type of nozzles and the mole ratio of methanol to CPO were varied (3.75:1; 4.5:1; 5.25:1 and 6:1) to investigate their effects on yield and conversion of the reaction conducted for 60 minutes at temperatures 53-58oC. Nozzles used were notched, tabbed and conventional circular nozzles for comparison. The highest conversion and yield of biodiesel were achieved at mole ratio 6:1 attaining respectively 87.2% and 96.8% using notched nozzle, 87.8% and 96.6% using tabbed nozzle and 71.2% and 75.1 % using circular nozzle for comparison. Therefore, using notched and tabbed nozzles can reduce the excess of methanol reactant thus saving its separation cost while producing high yield of biodiesel

Flexibility Protection of Copyright in Indonesia

Information technology developments with various functions of application has become public needs on performing activities of daily life. Information technology development and duplication have a positive contribution to human civilization in modern times, but has given distortion of copyright protection in Indonesia. Establishment Copyright Act No. 28 of 2014 is expected to provide protection originators without extinguish of information technology. Normative juridical approach used in this research to described descriptive analytical assessment phase which focuses on the assessment of secondary data. Data was collected with literature study to support the object assessment. The results showed that Copyright Act No. 28 of 2014, not be able to restrict application functions of user as protection for originators. Surveillance, prevention and control of information technology user and duplication should be done in an integrated manner with involvement of businesses and third parties who have the technological ability to control digital devices in the process of duplication

Overview of BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene) Production from Polyethylene Pyrolysis over Ga and Zn Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst

The increase in Indonesia's BTX chemical production was carried out to keep pace with global demand trends. The raw material for alternative production is household waste in Indonesia, of which 36% is plastic. Polyolefins make up 76% of the composition of household plastic waste. The rapidly developed BTX production process is the depolymerization of polyolefin plastics by pyrolysis and catalyst modification for catalysis. Polyolefin plastic in the form of polyethylene produces the highest aromatic yield and selectivity among other types of plastic in plastic waste. This study compared two scenarios with the highest yield of aromatics using different catalysts as base literature with an additional overview regarding the topic related. The process scenarios being compared are polyethylene pyrolysis over CaO with Ga/ZSM-5 catalyst and Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst. Literature overview obtained the overall BTX production progress over time and the potential of polyethylene catalytic pyrolysis for further stud

PROFESIONALISME AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi, independensi, etika auditor dan skeptisme profesional terhadap kualitas audit. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel pemeriksa Auditorat Keuangan Negara (AKN) pada BPK RI. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode convenience sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) Kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, (2) Independensi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas audit,  (3) Etika Audit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, dan  (4)Skeptisme Profesional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit

Determinants of Batik Artisans’ Income

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level, working hour, age, skill variation, and work experience on the income of batik artisans. The research takes place in the village of Papringan in Banyumas District. The population consists of 180 artisans, 65 of which were selected randomly. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis shows that working hour, skill variation, and work experience have a positive and significant effect on the income of batik artisans, while the level of education and age do not have a significant effect on the income of batik artisans. The results imply that provisions of trainings to improve skills and product quality should get priority in order to increase the income of batik artisans in the village. Keywords: batik; rural livelihood; informal sector; rural income; artisan income; determinant

Determinants of Poverty in Indonesia 2015-2019

According to the average of poverty level in Indonesia from 2015-2019 is 10,17 percent, it is show that the poverty in Indonesia has been decrease 1,91 percent, but this achievement has not fulfill the target yet as written in Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN), which is 7-8 percent. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that affect to poverty in Indonesia, including : average length of schooling, labor absorption, income per capita (GRDP per capita), and province minimum wages (UMP). This research use secondary data, with multiple regression analysis and Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results show, as simultaneous all the independent variable has significant effect to the dependent variable. As partial show that income per capita and labor absorption have positive effect to poverty but only the labor absorption has significant effect. Beside the average length of schooling and province minimum wages have negative insignificant effect to poverty in Indonesia.The implication to decrease the poverty is increasing the number of the labor absorption itself, through easing for making the business license, easing for taking the business credit, and increasing the skills and quality of the labour by intensification and extension the job training and also certification for the labour’s skills.Keywords: RPJMN; PDRB per capita; province minimum wages; fixed effect model; certification for labour’s skills