Atención educativa a alumnos TDAH por medio del juego

En el presente trabajo se abordará el estudio y análisis del Trastorno por déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad, desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje basado en el juego. Algunos de los síntomas que manifiesta dicho trastorno son la inatención o la hiperactividad e impulsividad, por lo que, desde el estudio del trastorno y sus generalidades, se intentará crear una propuesta de intervención con el objetivo de ayudar a focalizar la atención y/o a controlar la hiperactividad o impulsividad e intentar aumentar la motivación y la voluntad por el aprendizaje. A través del análisis de dicho trastorno y de la metodología del aprendizaje basado en el juego (ABJ) se buscará la creación de juegos y actividades, relacionadas con la asignatura de matemáticas, adaptadas para el alumnado con TDAH.This paper will address the study and analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, from the perspective of game-based learning. Some of the symptoms manifested by this disorder are inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, so that from the study of the disorder and its generalities an attempt will be made to create an intervention proposal with the objective of helping to focus attention and/or to control hyperactivity or impulsivity and to try to increase motivation and willingness to learn. Through the analysis of such disorder and the methodology of game-based learning (ABJ), the creation of games and activities related to the subject of mathematics, adapted for students with ADHD, will be sought.Departamento de PsicologíaGrado en Educación Primari

Schwarzschild black holes can wear scalar wigs

We study the evolution of a massive scalar field surrounding a Schwarzschild black hole and find configurations that can survive for arbitrarily long times, provided the black hole or the scalar field mass is small enough. In particular, both ultra-light scalar field dark matter around supermassive black holes and axion-like scalar fields around primordial black holes can survive for cosmological times. Moreover, these results are quite generic, in the sense that fairly arbitrary initial data evolves, at late times, as a combination of those long-lived configurations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Confluence of Cellular Degradation Pathways During Interdigital Tissue Remodeling in Embryonic Tetrapods

Digits develop in the distal part of the embryonic limb primordium as radial prechondrogenic condensations separated by undifferentiated mesoderm. In a short time interval the interdigital mesoderm undergoes massive degeneration to determine the formation of free digits. This fascinating process has often been considered as an altruistic cell suicide that is evolutionarily-regulated in species with different degrees of digit webbing. Initial descriptions of interdigit remodeling considered lysosomes as the primary cause of the degenerative process. However, the functional significance of lysosomes lost interest among researcher and was displaced to a secondary role because the introduction of the term apoptosis. Accumulating evidence in recent decades has revealed that, far from being a unique method of embryonic cell death, apoptosis is only one among several redundant dying mechanisms accounting for the elimination of tissues during embryonic development. Developmental cell senescence has emerged in the last decade as a primary factor implicated in interdigit remodeling. Our review proposes that cell senescence is the biological process identified by vital staining in embryonic models and implicates lysosomes in programmed cell death. We review major structural changes associated with interdigit remodeling that may be driven by cell senescence. Furthermore, the identification of cell senescence lacking tissue degeneration, associated with the maturation of the digit tendons at the same stages of interdigital remodeling, allowed us to distinguish between two functionally distinct types of embryonic cell senescence, "constructive" and "destructive."This work was supported by a grant (BFU2017-84046-P) from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry to JM

Tgfβ2 and 3 are coexpressed with their extracellular regulator Ltbp1 in the early limb bud and modulate mesodermal outgrowth and BMP signaling in chicken embryos

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transforming growth factor β proteins (Tgfβs) are secreted cytokines with well-defined functions in the differentiation of the musculoskeletal system of the developing limb. Here we have studied in chicken embryos, whether these cytokines are implicated in the development of the embryonic limb bud at stages preceding tissue differentiation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 indicates that signaling by this pathway is active in the undifferentiated mesoderm and AER. Gene expression analysis shows that transcripts of <it>tgfβ2 </it>and <it>tgfβ3 </it>but not <it>tgfβ1 </it>are abundant in the growing undifferentiated limb mesoderm. Transcripts of <it>tgfβ2 </it>are also found in the AER, which is the signaling center responsible for limb outgrowth. Furthermore, we show that Latent Tgfβ Binding protein 1 (LTBP1), which is a key extracellular modulator of Tgfβ ligand bioavailability, is coexpressed with <it>Tgfβs </it>in the early limb bud. Administration of exogenous Tgfβs to limb buds growing in explant cultures provides evidence of these cytokines playing a role in the regulation of mesodermal limb proliferation. In addition, analysis of gene regulation in these experiments revealed that Tgfβ signaling has no effect on the expression of master genes of musculoskeletal tissue differentiation but negatively regulates the expression of the BMP-antagonist Gremlin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We propose the occurrence of an interplay between Tgfβ and BMP signaling functionally associated with the regulation of early limb outgrowth by modulating limb mesenchymal cell proliferation.</p

Menhires/monolitos: estructuras monolíticas en el sector central de la cornisa cantábrica

Abordar el estudio de los menhires exige plantear previamenle una cuestión terminológica y por ende de conceptualización del fenómeno y en relación con ello de asignación cronocultural y funcional de las evidencias. El tema podria reducirse a tres grupos de preguntas: ¿es adecuada esta terminología para las manifestaciones de la zona?, ¿qué monumentos debemos considerar Menhires?, y ¿qué grupos humanos son responsables de su construcción y qué papel desempeñaron estas estructuras dentro de su sistema ideológico?.An approach to the study of menhirs requires some preliminary questios, first a terminological one and, consequently, of conceptualization of the phenomenon and in relation to this, questions about their chronocultural and functional context. The theme could be reduced to three groups of questions: is this term adequate for the manifestations of the area under study? What monuments should we consider Menhirs ?, and what human groups are responsible for their construction and what role did these structures play within their Ideological system

Activin/TGFβ and BMP crosstalk determines digit chondrogenesis

AbstractThe progress zone (PZ) is a specialized area at the distal margin of the developing limb where mesodermal cells are kept in proliferation and undifferentiated, allowing limb outgrowth. At stages of digit morphogenesis the PZ cells can undergo two possible fates, either aggregate initiating chondrogenic differentiation to configure the digit blastemas, or to die by apoptosis if they are incorporated in the interdigital mesenchyme. While both processes are controlled by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) the molecular basis for such contrasting differential behavior of the autopodial mesoderm remains unknown. Here we show that a well-defined crescent domain of high BMP activity located at the tip of the forming digits, which we termed the digit crescent (DC), directs incorporation and differentiation of the PZ mesenchymal cells into the digit aggregates. The presence of this domain does not correlate with an exclusive expression domain of BMP receptors and its abrogation by surgical approaches or by local application of BMP antagonists is followed by digit truncation and cell death. We further show that establishment of the DC is directed by Activin/TGFβ signaling, which inhibits Smad 6 and Bambi, two specific BMP antagonists expressed in the interdigits and progress zone mesoderm. The interaction between Activin/TGFβ and BMP pathways at the level of DC promotes the expression of the chondrogenic factor SOX9 accompanied by a local decrease in cell proliferation. Characteristically, the DC domain is asymmetric, it being extended towards the posterior interdigit. The presence of the DC is transitorily dependent of the adjacent posterior interdigit and its maintenance requires also the integrity of the AER

Activin/TGFβ and BMP crosstalk determines digit chondrogenesis

AbstractThe progress zone (PZ) is a specialized area at the distal margin of the developing limb where mesodermal cells are kept in proliferation and undifferentiated, allowing limb outgrowth. At stages of digit morphogenesis the PZ cells can undergo two possible fates, either aggregate initiating chondrogenic differentiation to configure the digit blastemas, or to die by apoptosis if they are incorporated in the interdigital mesenchyme. While both processes are controlled by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) the molecular basis for such contrasting differential behavior of the autopodial mesoderm remains unknown. Here we show that a well-defined crescent domain of high BMP activity located at the tip of the forming digits, which we termed the digit crescent (DC), directs incorporation and differentiation of the PZ mesenchymal cells into the digit aggregates. The presence of this domain does not correlate with an exclusive expression domain of BMP receptors and its abrogation by surgical approaches or by local application of BMP antagonists is followed by digit truncation and cell death. We further show that establishment of the DC is directed by Activin/TGFβ signaling, which inhibits Smad 6 and Bambi, two specific BMP antagonists expressed in the interdigits and progress zone mesoderm. The interaction between Activin/TGFβ and BMP pathways at the level of DC promotes the expression of the chondrogenic factor SOX9 accompanied by a local decrease in cell proliferation. Characteristically, the DC domain is asymmetric, it being extended towards the posterior interdigit. The presence of the DC is transitorily dependent of the adjacent posterior interdigit and its maintenance requires also the integrity of the AER

Mining equipment effectiveness for sustainable mining development. A case study focused on drilling rig equipment

Mining companies need to implement models which allow to develop a dynamic and agile mining process, based on the statistics analysis. OMEE (Overall Mining Equipment Effectiveness) is a methodology that allows to study the effectiveness and the technical replacement time of mining equipment through four steps: i) Acting; ii) Observing; iii) Evaluating; and, iv) Planning; analysing four vital parameters: i) Technical availability rate; ii) Mechanical availability rate; iii) Utilization; and, iv) Productivity index. The case study side was an open pit coal mine located in the North-West of Spain. In this paper, the performance of six drilling rig equipment has been analysed for twelve years. The research uses the OMME method, to assess the effectiveness of the mining equipment fleet and to estimate the technical replacement time.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraPostprint (published version

Interdigital tissue regression in the developing limb of vertebrates

ABSTRACT Here we we have chosen the regression of the interdigital tissue which sculpts the digits from the hand/foot plate in tetrapod embryos to review the most relevant aspects concerning the regulation and biological significance of programmed cell death. We gather abundant information showing that the initiation of the degenerative process is the result of a complex interplay between the different signaling pathways which are also responsible for limb outgrowth and skeletal tissue differentiation, rather than being regulated by a specific signaling pathway. The model further shows that once the death response is triggered, several different routes of cell disruption, including caspase-dependent apoptosis, lysosomal-mediated cell death, and even a cell senescence process, are activated in the interdigits to ensure their elimination. Transcriptional and structural changes accompanying the degenerative process, and their posible contribution to the control of the death process, are also revised in detail. Finally we survey a number of issues still awaiting clarification, such as the functional implication of interdigital cell death as a source of signals acting on the surrounding tissues, as occurs in the so called “regenerative cell death”

Effects of Berberine on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Embryonic Limb Skeletal Progenitors

Introduction: Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline plant alkaloid with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive pharmacological properties that functions via multiple signaling pathways and epigenetic modulators. Numerous studies have proposed BBR as a promising therapeutic agent for joint cartilage degeneration, and other connective tissue diseases. Purpose and methods: This work aimed to evaluate the effects of BBR on the growth and differentiation of embryonic skeletal progenitors using the limb mesoderm micromass culture assay. Results: Our findings show that at difference of its apoptotic influence on a variety of tumor tissues, cell death was not induced in skeletal progenitors by the addition of 12 or 25 µM BBR concentration to the culture medium. Morphological and transcriptional analysis revealed dual and opposite effects of BBR treatments on chondrogenesis depending on the stage of differentiation of the cultured progenitors. At early stage of culture, BBR was a potent chondrogenic inhibitor, while chondrogenesis was intensified in treatments at advanced stages of culture. The chondrogenic promoting effect was accompanied by a moderate upregulation of gene markers of prehypertrophic cartilage, including ColXa1, alkaline phosphatase Alpl, Runx2, and Indian Hedgehog Ihh. We further observed a positive transcriptional influence of BBR in the expression of DNA methyltransferase genes, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, suggesting a potential involvement of epigenetic factors in its effects. Conclusion: Our study uncovers a new pharmacological influence of BBR in cartilage differentiation that must be taken into account in designing clinical protocols for its employment in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases