659 research outputs found
Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Subgroups of College Students at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Background and Purpose: To examine the co-occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors and cluster subgroups of college students for cardiovascular risks. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted using co-occurrence patterns and hierarchical clustering analysis in 158 college students. Results: The top co-occurring cardiovascular risk factors were overweight/obese and hypertension (10.8%, n = 17). Of the total 34 risk factors that co-occurred, 30 of them involved being overweight/obese. A six-cluster-solution was obtained, two clusters displayed elevated levels of lifetime and 30-year cardiovascular disease risks. Conclusions: The hierarchical cluster analysis identified that single White males with a family history of heart disease, overweight/obese, hypertensive or diabetes, and occasionally (weekly) consumed red meat, take antihypertensive medication, and hyperlipidemia were considered the higher risk group compared to other subgroups
Apports et limites des ententes intercantonales : le cas de l'enseignement des langues « étrangÚres » à l'école primaire
La présente étude vise à expliquer l'origine et la portée du débat sur l'enseignement des langues à l'école primaire. Elle s'articule en trois volets : la modélisation en termes de politiques publiques, la genÚse institutionnelle et la mise en oeuvre, analysée de maniÚre comparative dans quatre cantons (GE, BE, LU et TG). L'enseignement précoce de deux langues « étrangÚres » dont au moins une langue nationale (modÚle 3e/5e) relÚve d'un compromis intercantonal, inscrit dans la
StratĂ©gie des langues de la CDIP et rĂ©guliĂšrement remis en question : pourquoi et avec quelles consĂ©quences ? Au-delĂ des arguments pĂ©dagogiques, juridiques et identitaires (cohĂ©sion nationale), ce sont deux conceptions de l'Ătat et du rĂŽle de la famille qui s'opposent. Quelles pistes suivre pour dĂ©bloquer la situation
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Activated Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Eradicate Alzheimer's-Related AÎČ42 Oligomers and Protect Synapses.
Impaired synaptic integrity and function due to accumulation of amyloid ÎČ-protein (AÎČ42) oligomers is thought to be a major contributor to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the exact role of AÎČ42 oligomers in synaptotoxicity and the ability of peripheral innate immune cells to rescue synapses remain poorly understood due to the metastable nature of oligomers. Here, we utilized photo-induced cross-linking to stabilize pure oligomers and study their effects vs. fibrils on synapses and protection by AÎČ-phagocytic macrophages. We found that cortical neurons were more susceptible to AÎČ42 oligomers than fibrils, triggering additional neuritic arborization retraction, functional alterations (hyperactivity and spike waveform), and loss of VGluT1- and PSD95-excitatory synapses. Co-culturing neurons with bone marrow-derived macrophages protected synapses against AÎČ42 fibrils; moreover, immune activation with glatiramer acetate (GA) conferred further protection against oligomers. Mechanisms involved increased AÎČ42 removal by macrophages, amplified by GA stimulation: fibrils were largely cleared through intracellular CD36/EEA1+-early endosomal proteolysis, while oligomers were primarily removed via extracellular/MMP-9 enzymatic degradation. In vivo studies in GA-immunized or CD115+-monocyte-grafted APPSWE/PS1ÎE9-transgenic mice followed by pre- and postsynaptic analyses of entorhinal cortex and hippocampal substructures corroborated our in vitro findings of macrophage-mediated synaptic preservation. Together, our data demonstrate that activated macrophages effectively clear AÎČ42 oligomers and rescue VGluT1/PSD95 synapses, providing rationale for harnessing macrophages to treat AD
The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is hyperglycemia that is recognized for the first time during
pregnancy. GDM is associated with a wide range of short- and long-term adverse health consequences
for both mother and offspring. It is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology, with disturbances
in glucose, lipid, inflammation and gut microbiota. Consequently, its management is complex,
requiring patients to self-manage their diet, lifestyle and self-care behaviors in combination with use
of insulin. In addition to nutritional recommendations for all pregnant women, special attention
to dietary carbohydrate (CHO) amount and type on glucose levels is especially important in GDM.
Dietary CHO are diverse, ranging from simple sugars to longer-chain oligo- and poly- saccharides
which have diverse effects on blood glucose, microbial fermentation and bowel function. Studies
have established that dietary CHO amount and type can impact maternal glucose and nutritional
recommendations advise women with GDM to limit total intake or choose complex and low glycemic
CHO. However, robust maternal and infant benefits are not consistently shown. Novel approaches
which help women with GDM adhere to dietary recommendations such as diabetes-specific meal
replacements (which provide a defined and complete nutritional composition with slowly-digested
CHO) and continuous glucose monitors (which provide unlimited monitoring of maternal glycemic
fluctuations) have shown benefits on both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is
needed to understand and develop tools to facilitate patient adherence to treatment goals, individualize
interventions and improve outcomes
Cas Clinique: AnĂ©vrisme de lâAorte Abdominale CompliquĂ© de Thrombose Ă Propos dâUn Cas
LâanĂ©vrisme de lâaorte abdominale est une dilatation permanente de lâaorte abdominale dans sa portion sous-rĂ©nale. Les consĂ©quences, en cas de rupture anĂ©vrismale, peuvent ĂȘtre fatales. La plupart des anĂ©vrismes de lâaorte abdominale ne prĂ©sentent pas de symptĂŽmes jusquâau moment de la rupture. Le symptĂŽme le plus courant est la douleur abdominale ou dorsale Parfois, une masse pulsatile (qui prĂ©sente des pulsations) peut ĂȘtre palpĂ©e au niveau de lâabdomen. Le diagnostic paraclinique est basĂ© sur lâĂ©chographie abdominale et lâangiotomodensitomĂ©trie. Le dĂ©pistage est recommandĂ© chez tous les hommes fumeurs de plus de 65 ans ayant un parent de premier degrĂ© connu pour un anĂ©vrisme de lâaorte abdominale. Les anĂ©vrismes asymptomatiques prĂ©sentant un diamĂštre de plus de 50mm chez la femme, 55mm chez lâhomme ou une croissance du diamĂštre de plus de 1cm par annĂ©e doivent ĂȘtre opĂ©rĂ©s. Le traitement est chirurgical ou endovasculaire. Le traitement mĂ©dicale consiste Ă lutter contre les facteurs de risque athĂ©romateux.
The abdominal aortic aneurysm is a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta in its sub-renal portion. The consequences, in the event of an aneurysmal rupture, can be fatal. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms do not show symptoms until the moment of rupture. The most common symptom is abdominal or back pain Sometimes a throbbing mass (which is pulsating) can be felt in the abdomen. Paraclinical diagnosis is based on abdominal ultrasound and CT angiography. Screening is recommended for all male smokers over 65 years of age with a first-degree relative known to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Asymptomatic aneurysms with a diameter of more than 50mm in women, 55mm in men or with a diameter growth of more than 1cm per year should be operated on. Treatment is surgical or endovascular. The medical treatment consists in combating the atherosclerotic risk factors
Cas Clinique: AnĂ©vrisme de lâAorte Abdominale CompliquĂ© de Thrombose Ă Propos dâUn Cas
LâanĂ©vrisme de lâaorte abdominale est une dilatation permanente de lâaorte abdominale dans sa portion sous-rĂ©nale. Les consĂ©quences, en cas de rupture anĂ©vrismale, peuvent ĂȘtre fatales. La plupart des anĂ©vrismes de lâaorte abdominale ne prĂ©sentent pas de symptĂŽmes jusquâau moment de la rupture. Le symptĂŽme le plus courant est la douleur abdominale ou dorsale Parfois, une masse pulsatile (qui prĂ©sente des pulsations) peut ĂȘtre palpĂ©e au niveau de lâabdomen. Le diagnostic paraclinique est basĂ© sur lâĂ©chographie abdominale et lâangiotomodensitomĂ©trie. Le dĂ©pistage est recommandĂ© chez tous les hommes fumeurs de plus de 65 ans ayant un parent de premier degrĂ© connu pour un anĂ©vrisme de lâaorte abdominale. Les anĂ©vrismes asymptomatiques prĂ©sentant un diamĂštre de plus de 50mm chez la femme, 55mm chez lâhomme ou une croissance du diamĂštre de plus de 1cm par annĂ©e doivent ĂȘtre opĂ©rĂ©s. Le traitement est chirurgical ou endovasculaire. Le traitement mĂ©dicale consiste Ă lutter contre les facteurs de risque athĂ©romateux.
The abdominal aortic aneurysm is a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta in its sub-renal portion. The consequences, in the event of an aneurysmal rupture, can be fatal. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms do not show symptoms until the moment of rupture. The most common symptom is abdominal or back pain Sometimes a throbbing mass (which is pulsating) can be felt in the abdomen. Paraclinical diagnosis is based on abdominal ultrasound and CT angiography. Screening is recommended for all male smokers over 65 years of age with a first-degree relative known to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Asymptomatic aneurysms with a diameter of more than 50mm in women, 55mm in men or with a diameter growth of more than 1cm per year should be operated on. Treatment is surgical or endovascular. The medical treatment consists in combating the atherosclerotic risk factors
Self-Assembly of ElastinâMimetic Double Hydrophobic Polypeptides
We have constructed a novel class of âdouble-hydrophobicâ block polypeptides based on the hydrophobic domains found in native elastin, an extracellular matrix protein responsible for the elasticity and resilience of tissues. The block polypeptides comprise proline-rich poly(VPGXG) and glycine-rich poly(VGGVG), both of which dehydrate at higher temperature but form distinct secondary structures, ÎČ-turn and ÎČ-sheet respectively. In water at 45 °C, the block polypeptides initially assemble into nanoparticles rich in ÎČ-turn structures, which further connect into long (>10 ÎŒm), beaded nanofibers along with the increase in the ÎČ-sheet content. The nanofibers obtained are well-dispersed in water, and show thermoresponsive properties. Polypeptides comprising each block component assemble into different morphologies, showing that the conjugation of poly(VPGXG) and poly(VGGVG) plays a role for beaded fiber formation. These results may provide innovative ideas for designing peptide-based materials but also opportunities for developing novel materials useful for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems
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