CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.0447

CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Abstract: CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL

Tensors of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of in vitro human derms and epiderms

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Tensors of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of in vitro human dermis and epidermis

Dielectric permittivity and conductivity of dermis and epidermis in nutrient liquid saturation were measured in the frequency range 1-100 kHz. The results show a difference between values measured along the axis perpendicular to the skin surface and those measured in the plane parallel to this surface, in which no significant difference was observed in the various directions. © 1993.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Conductivit and dielectrc prittivit of dermis and epideris in nutrent liquid saturation

Dielectric permittivity and conductivity of dermis and epidermis in nutrient liquid saturation were measured in the frequency range 1Hz to 100kHz. The results show no differences in the parallel plane to the skin surface and a significant one in the transversal direction.SCOPUS: cp.pinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Influence of low phosphorus concentration on the electrocrystallization and the properties of Ni-P foils

The influence of phosphorus incorporation during electrodeposition of thin (10 to 60 μm thick) nickel of foils on anodized titanium substrates is studied. The texture, structure, and magnetic properties of these foils are influenced considerably by the presence of low phosphorous acid concentrations in the electrolyte. The transition between the fibrous structure of the pure nickel crystalline deposits obtained in Watt's bath and the Ni-P amorphous structures of the deposits obtained in Brenner's bath is emphasized. Electrodeposition is a useful technique for production of thin corrosion resistant Ni-P foils with or without magnetic properties, as a function of the phosphorus concentration.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Interference with cardiac pacemaker by electric induction cooktops

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe