Designing architectural materials: from granular form to functional granular material

Designed granular materials are a novel class of architectural material system. Following one of the key paradigms of designed matter, material form and material function are closely interrelated in these systems. In this context, the article aims to contribute a parametric particle design model as an interface for this interrelation. A granular material is understood as an aggregation of large numbers of individual particles between which only short-range repulsive contact forces are acting. Granular materials are highly pertinent material systems for architecture. Due to the fact that they can act both as a solid and a liquid, they can be recycled and reconfigured multiple times and are thus highly sustainable. Designed granular materials have the added potential that the function of the granular material can be calibrated through the definition of the particles’ form. Research on the design of granular materials in architecture is nascent. In physics they have been explored mainly with respect to different particle shapes. However, no coherent parametric particle design model of designed particle shapes for granular material systems in architecture has yet been established which considers both fabrication constraints and simulation requirements. The parametric particle design model proposed in this article has been based on a design system which has been developed through feasibility tests and simulations conducted in research and teaching. Based on this design system the parametric particle design model is developed integrating both fabrication constraints for architecture-scale particle systems and the geometric requirements of established simulation methods for granular materials. Initially the design system and related feasibility tests are presented. The parametric particle design model resulting from that is then described in detail. Directions of further research are discussed especially with respect to the integration of the parametric particle design model in ‘inverse’ design methods.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe

La presentación de la Información Financiera de la Empresa Transportes Soza del Departamento de Matagalpa, en el I semestre del año 2016

En la presente investigación se realizó un estudio fundamentado en la NIIF para las PYMES en las empresas de los departamentos de Matagalpa y Jinotega en el 2016, con el propósito de evaluar la aplicación de la Sección 17: Propiedades, Planta y Equipo relacionados con la presentación de la Información Financiera de la Empresa Transportes Soza. El propósito de nuestra investigación es enfocarnos en que si la entidad realiza cada aspecto que contiene la sección 17: Propiedades, Planta y equipo de la NIIF para las PYMES, pero en dependencia del marco de referencia que utilizan. Esta temática es de suma importancia para la empresa Transportes Soza, debido a que la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera para Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas da la oportunidad para globalizarte a nivel mundial, y presentar información financiera confiable, comparable y entendible en la presentación de los Estados Financieros, también su aplicación en cada partida contable; por ende, obtener beneficios de cada uno de los activos que posee. Actualmente la Empresa Transportes Soza carece de conocimientos acerca del marco de referencia que aborda el tema que se estudió, además se llega a la conclusión que la entidad no está interesada en adoptar esta norma, debido a que se sienten satisfechos por los resultados que han obtenido con el marco contable que utilizan (PCGA). Esta Institución cuenta con un gran número de propiedades, planta y equipo para el cumplimiento de sus operaciones diarias y sus determinados objetivos. Palabras Claves: NIIF para las PYMES. Estados Financieros. Empresa Transportes Soza

Comparison of measured and predicted performance of a SIS waveguide mixer at 345 GHz

The measured gain and noise of a SIS waveguide mixer at 345 GHz have been compared with theoretical values, calculated from the quantum mixer theory using a three port model. As a mixing element, we use a series array of two Nb-Al2O3-Nb SIS junctions. The area of each junction is 0.8 sq microns and the normal state resistance is 52 omega. The embedding impedance of the mixer has been determined from the pumped DC-IV curves of the junction and is compared to results from scale model measurements (105 x). Good agreement was obtained. The measured mixer gain, however, is a factor of 0.45 plus or minus 0.5 lower than the theoretical predicted gain. The measured mixer noise temperature is a factor of 4-5 higher than the calculated one. These discrepancies are independent on pump power and are valid for a broad range of tuning conditions

Packings of 3D stars: stability and structure

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.We describe a series of experiments involving the creation of cylindrical packings of star-shaped particles, and an exploration of the stability of these packings. The stars cover a broad range of arm sizes and frictional properties. We carried out three different kinds of experiments, all of which involve columns that are prepared by raining star particles one-by-one into hollow cylinders. As an additional part of the protocol, we sometimes vibrated the column before removing the confining cylinder. We rate stability in terms of r, the ratio of the mass of particles that fall off a pile when it collapsed, to the total particle mass. The first experiment involved the intrinsic stability of the column when the confining cylinder was removed. The second kind of experiment involved adding a uniform load to the top of the column, and then determining the collapse properties. A third experiment involved testing stability to tipping of the piles. We find a stability diagram relating the pile height, h, versus pile diameter, (Formula presented.) , where the stable and unstable regimes are separated by a boundary that is roughly a power-law in h versus (Formula presented.) with an exponent that is less than unity. Increasing vibration and friction, particularly the latter, both tend to stabilize piles, while increasing particle size can destabilize the system under certain conditions

A low noise 410-495 heterodyne two tuner mixer, using submicron Nb/Al2O3/Nb tunneljunctions

A 410-495 GHz heterodyne receiver, with an array of two Nb/Al2O3/Nb tunneljunctions as mixing element is described. The noise temperature of this receiver is below 230 K (DSB) over the whole frequency range, and has lowest values of 160 K in the 435-460 GHz range. The calculated DSB mixergain over the whole frequency range varies from -11.9 plus or minus 0.6 dB to -12.6 plus or minus 0.6 dB and the mixer noise is 90 plus or minus 30 K

Gagea villosa und Gagea pratensis im Stadtgebiet von Bonn (Nordrhein-Westfalen) - aktuelle Vorkommen und historische Landnutzung

Claus Mückschel & Monika Dierich