Start-up conditions and the performance of women - and men- controlled businesses in manufacturating industries

Recent research on the economic performance of women-controlled firms suggests that their underperformance may not result from differences in the managerial ability of women as compared to men, but it can be the result of different levels of start-up resources. Using accounting data, this paper examines the effects that selected start-up conditions have on the economic performance observed in a sample of 4450 Spanish manufacturing firms. The results indicate significant differences regarding the initial conditions, showing lower levels of assets and number of employees what have implications on the economic performance of women-controlled firms

Evaluación y rediseño de la red pública educativa. Un análisis centralizado

La eficiencia escolar constituye un tema de interés. El número de publicaciones en este campo de investigación se ha incrementado en los últimos años, al intentar explicar qué características del centro y del entorno influyen en los resultados de los alumnos. A la luz de la Post-New Public Management, el objetivo del trabajo es la evaluación y rediseño, a través de técnicas frontera, de una muestra de centros de la red educativa pública de Catalunya. Los resultados obtenidos indican que sería posible mejorar la red y redistribuir de forma óptima los recursos educativos. También se aporta información útil para la toma de decisiones y la puesta en marcha de programas de mejora en los centros docentes

Analyzing the effect of health reforms on the efficiency of Ecuadorian public hospitals

This collection includes a selection of research by students of the PhD Program in Applied Economics (UAB) and the Master of Applied Research in Economics and Business (MAREB) - specialization in Applied EconomicsThis study aims to assess whether Ecuadorian health reforms carried out since 2008 have affected the efficiency performance of public hospitals in the country. We contribute to the literature by shed-ding new light on the effects on public healthcare efficiency for developing countries when policies move toward health equity and universal coverage. We follow of a two-stage approach, wherein the first stage we make use of factor and cluster analysis to obtain three clusters of public hospitals based on their technological endowment; we exploit Data Envelopment Analysis for panel data in the second stage to estimate robust efficiency measures over time. Our innovative empirical strategy considers the heterogeneity of healthcare institutions in the analysis of their efficiency performance. The results show a significant decrease in the average efficiency of low and intermediate technology hospitals after the new constitution was adopted in 2008. The decline in efficiency coincides with the two reforms of 2010 and 2011 that brought on higher social security coverage

Devolution dynamics of Spanish local government

Over the last few years, there has been a devolutionary tendency in many developed and developingcountries. In this article we propose a methodology to decompose whether the benefits in terms ofefficiency derived from transfers of powers from higher to municipal levels of government (the¿economic dividend¿ of devolution) might increase over time. This methodology is based on linearprogramming approaches for efficiency measurement. We provide an application to Spanishmunicipalities, which have had to adapt to both the European Stability and Growth Pact as well as todomestic regulation seeking local governments¿ balanced budget. Results indicate that efficiencygains from enhanced decentralization have increased over time. However, the way through whichthese gains accrue differs across municipalities¿in some cases technical change is the maincomponent, whereas in others catching up dominates. Durante los últimos años ha habido una corriente hacia la descentralización de poderes desde laadministración central hacia capas más bajas de gobierno, tanto en países desarrollados como envías de desarrollo. En este artículo proponemos una metodología para determinar si los beneficiosen términos de eficiencia derivados de la transferencia de poderes a los municipios (el "dividendo económico" de la descentralización) podrían aumentar en el tiempo. La técnica está basada enenfoques de programación lineal para la medición de la eficiencia. Llevamos a cabo la aplicación alos municipios españoles, que han tenido que adaptarse tanto al Pacto de Estabilidad y Crecimiento europeo, así como a la Ley General de Estabilidad Presupuestaria. Los resultados indican que lasganancias de eficiencia derivadas de una mayor descentralización han aumentado en los últimosaños. Sin embargo, el modo en que estas se originan varía según municipios -en algunos casos es elcambio técnico el factor dominante, en otros han sido las ganancias de eficiencia-.análisis de la actividad, dinámica de la descentralización, eficiencia, gobierno local. activity analysis, decentralization dynamics, efficiency, local government.

Output complexity, environmental conditions, and the efficiency of municipalities: a robust metafrontier approach

Over the last few years, many studies have analyzed the productive efficiency of local governments in different countries. An accurate definition of their output bundles -i.e., the services and facilities they provide to their constituencies- is essential to this research. However, several difficulties emerge in this task. First, since in most cases the law only establishes the minimum amount of services and facilities to provide, it may well be the case that some municipalities go beyond the legal minimum and, consequently, might be labeled as inefficient when compared to other municipalities which stick to the legal minimum. Second, municipalities face very different environmental conditions, which raises some doubts about the plausibility of an unconditional analysis. This study tackles these problems by proposing a metafrontier analysis in which the efficiency of municipalities is evaluated after splitting them into clusters according to various criteria (output mix, environmental conditions, size). We perform our estimations using order-m frontiers, given their robustness to outliers and immunity to the curse of dimensionality. We provide an application to Spanish municipalities, and results show that both output mix and, more especially, environmental conditions, should be controlled for, since efficiency differences between municipalities in different groups are notable. Durante los últimos años muchos trabajos han venido analizando la eficiencia productiva de las corporaciones locales de una gran variedad de países. Para este tipo de estudios resulta crucial una definición precisa de los servicios e infraestructuras que los municipios proporcionan a sus ciudadanos. Sin embargo, esta tarea presenta varias dificultades. En primer lugar, dado que en muchas circunstancias la ley únicamente establece los servicios mínimos que debe proporcionar un municipio, puede darse el caso de que algunos municipios vayan más allá de este mínimo legal y, consecuentemente, sean clasificados como ineficientes al compararlos con otros municipios que se ciñen al mínimo. En segundo lugar, las corporaciones locales operan en condiciones ambientales muy dispares, lo cual genera dudas acerca de la factibilidad de un análisis incondicional. Este trabajo aborda estas cuestiones proponiendo un análisis metafrontera en el que la eficiencia de las corporaciones locales se evalúa tras clasificarlas en distintos grupos de acuerdo con criterios múltiples (output mix, condiciones ambientales, tamaño). Las estimaciones son llevadas a cabo utilizando fronteras orden-m, debido a la robustez que presentan frente a observaciones atípicas y la inmunidad a la ¿maldición de la dimensionalidad¿ (curse of dimensionality). Llevamos a cabo una aplicación a los municipios españoles, y los resultados indican que tanto el output mix como, sobre todo, las condiciones ambientales, deberían ser tenidas en cuenta al evaluar la eficiencia, pues las diferencias en la eficiencia de los municipios en los distintos grupos son notables.eficiencia, condiciones ambientales, gobierno local, metafrontera, orden-m efficiency, environmental conditions, local government, metafrontier, order-m

Does a complex environment affect police efficiency : an examination on municipal police in Mexico

Research on police organizations argues that the external environment in which they operate have a negative effect on their performance. We tested these assumptions on a sample of 1,634 municipal police forces in Mexico, We used a conditional order-m model to examine how the environment in which police operate affects their performance. Our results indicate that not all socioeconomic, demographic and institutional factors have a negative influence on police performance

Assesing advertising efficiency : does the internet play a role?

This research focuses on a major concern for marketers addressing the claims of inefficiency of the spending on advertising. We examine whether the Internet can help increase overall advertising efficiency. Using a sample from the Spanish automobile industry, we combine a nonparametric method - Data Envelopment Analysis - with recent important insights from statistics and econometrics studies, and we find that online advertising improves the efficiency levels and this effect is more pronounced in the long-term temporal framework

Effects of strategic alliances' on hospital efficiency and capacity utilization in Mexico

Publisher Copyright: © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.Purpose:This paper aims to investigate the efficiency implications of belonging to a strategic hospital alliance (SHA) and measuring the effects over capacity utilization of such agreements in a Mexican healthcare context. Design/methodology/approach: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is the nonparametric methodology used, which supports both objectives. Technological gaps ratios are calculated by using DEA-metafrontier approach to compare efficiency between SHA members and a hospital's control group. Also, hospital capacity utilization ratios are used as the maximum rate of output possible from fixed inputs in a frontier setting using directional distance functions. Data were collected from an alliance called Consorcio Mexicano de Hospitales in México, which has 29 general private hospitals and a group of 47 hospitals with same characteristics from a database made by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía for year 2014. Findings: The results indicate that efficiency is better at hospitals that belong to an alliance; it also shows an improvement of installed capacity management for hospital alliances in México. Originality/value: The results can be useful for both private health organization managers and regulators themselves to adopt management practices that may end up having a favorable impact on cost and prices containment. Additionally, there are no previous studies neither in Mexico nor in Latin America that analyze the impact of strategic hospitality alliances on the efficiency and utilization of the capacity of private hospitals

Scale and scope economies in Mexican private medical units

Objective. To evaluate technical efficiency and potential presence of scale and scope economies in Mexican private medical units (PMU) that will improve management decisions. Materials and methods. We used data envelopment analysis methods with inputs and outputs for 2 105 Mexican PMU published in 2010 by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía from the "Estadística de Unidades Médicas Privadas con Servicio de Hospitalización (PEC-6-20-A)" questionnaire. Results. The application of the models used in the paper found that there is a marginal presence of economies of scale and scope in Mexican PMU. Conclusions. PMU in Mexico must focus to deliver their services on a diversified structure to achieve technical efficiency.Objetivo. Evaluar la eficiencia técnica y la presencia de potenciales economías de escala y alcance en unidades médicas privadas (UMP) mexicanas, de forma que sea posible establecer planes para la mejora de su gestión. Material y métodos. Se utilizó el método de Análisis Envolvente de Datos con información de insumos y productos para 2 105 UMP del año 2010 publicada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía a través del cuestionario denominado "Estadística de Unidades Médicas Privadas con Servicio de Hospitalización (PEC-6-20-A)". Resultados. La aplicación de los modelos encuentra una presencia marginal de economías de escala y alcance en las UMP mexicanas. Conclusiones. La operación de las UMP en México debe enfocarse a prestar servicios bajo un modelo diversificado para alcanzar mejores niveles de eficiencia técnica

Valor agregado multinivel y factores contextuales en educación: una comparación no paramétrica robusta

Chile. Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) 1121164España. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación ECO2010-18967/ECON ECO2011-27227/ECONValencia. Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/066