Pseudopaludicola ternetzi (Anura: Leiuperidae): two lectotypes for the same taxon

Pseudopaludicola ternetzi was described on the basis of an undefined number of syntypes, but involving males and females (Miranda-Ribeiro 1937). Since Miranda-Ribeiro described this species, several taxonomic considerations were made on it. First, Bokermann (1966) considered P. ternetzi as a synonym of P. ameghini (Cope 1887), without giving any evidence to support this decision. Although some authors followed this proposal (like Gallardo 1968), others continued considering P. ternetzi as a good species (e.g., Frost 1985; Lynch 1989). Haddad and Cardoso (1987) provided bioacustic and morphometric evidence to consider P. ameghini as a junior synonym of P. mystacalis (Cope 1887). In 1996, Lobo reviewed the type specimens of P. ameghini, P. mystacalis, and P. saltica described by Cope (1887) and housed at the ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), and redescribed P. ternetzi based on four vouchers collected by Dr. Ternetz in December of 1923, deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ). In coincidence with Haddad and Cardoso (1987), Lobo (1996) considered P. ameghini as a junior synonym of P. mystacalis, assigned a lectotype for P. ternetzi (MNRJ 5462, male), and designated as paralectotypes the vouchers MNRJ 477, MNRJ 5460, and MNRJ 5461 (all females). Lobo choose the only male syntype examined by him as lectotype considering that the detailed description by Miranda-Ribeiro (1937) of a male matched with the size and morphology of this specimen, while only reported some details of a female. Such taxonomic decision was based on the article 74 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1985). Without making reference to Lobo (1996), Caramaschi and Pombal Jr. (2011) recently designated a different specimen as lectotype for P. ternetzi (MNRJ 5460, female) and other specimens as paralectotypes (MNRJ 445, MNRJ 5442; MNRJ 5461 5462). However, as stated in article 74.1.3 of the ICZN (1999): The valid designation of a lectotype permanently deprives all other specimens that were formerly syntypes of that nominal taxon of the status of syntype [Art. 73.2.2]; those specimens then become paralectotypes . Consequently the valid lectotype of P. ternetzi is the voucher male specimen MNRJ 5462, and the female specimens referred by Lobo (1996), MNRJ 477, MNRJ 5460, MNRJ 5461, are paralectotypes. Finally, the article 61.1.3. of the ICZN (1999) states that "Once fixed, name-bearing types are stable and provide objective continuity in the application of names. Thus the name-bearing type of any nominal taxon, once fixed in conformity with the provisions of the Code, is not subject to change...". In conclusion, the specimen MNRJ 5462 is actually the lectotype for Pseudopaludicola ternetzi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, as designated by Lobo (1996). The specimen MNRJ 5460, erroneously designated lectotype for the same species by Caramaschi and Pombal Jr. (2011), is actually a paralectotype. Besides the specimens referred by Lobo (1996) as paralectotypes, all other specimens traced by Caramaschi and Pombal Jr. (2011) were correctly designated paralectotypes. The type locality for the species was up to dated and correctly defined by Caramaschi and Pombal Jr. (2011).Fil: Cardozo, Dario Elbio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentin

Life-History Traits of Three Syntopic Species of the South American Redbelly Toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Melanophryniscus) from the Atlantic Forest of Argentina

Amphibians from Atlantic Forests of South America are one of the most threatened vertebrates of the world, mainly due to the habitat loss and infectious diseases. With the goal to improve the knowledge of the lifehistory traits of the amphibian that inhabit these regions, and thus, to aid conservation and management-decision making, our main goals were to describe the reproductive activity pattern and analyze the interspecific variation in body size and the reproductive traits of three species of redbelly toads (Melanophryniscus) of the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. We also analyzed age structure, whether Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) exists, and if this dimorphismcould be explained by proximate mechanisms such as differences in growth patterns. The Melanophryniscus we studied bred during two or three consecutive days, in several explosive events that occurred between April 2009 and October 2012. These events were determined by a trade-off between the air and water temperature, and the level of the water bodies. We observed spatial segregation among the three species we studied when they reproduced synchronously and in sympatry and with the presence of multiple clutches. We found inter-specific differences inbody size. We recorded male-biased sex ratio and SSD in all three species of Melanophryniscus studied. We also found significant interspecific differences in age-related parameters following the differences in body size. Species were not sexually dimorphic by age. We also did not find covariation between body size and reproductive traits. These new insights allow us to predict the responses of Melanphryniscus we studied to the impact of the destruction of their habitat and global warming.Fil: Marangoni, Federico. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentin

Life-History Traits of Three Syntopic Species of the South American Redbelly Toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Melanophryniscus) from the Atlantic Forest of Argentina

Amphibians from Atlantic Forests of South America are one of the most threatened vertebrates of the world, mainly due to the habitat loss and infectious diseases. With the goal to improve the knowledge of the lifehistory traits of the amphibian that inhabit these regions, and thus, to aid conservation and management-decision making, our main goals were to describe the reproductive activity pattern and analyze the interspecific variation in body size and the reproductive traits of three species of redbelly toads (Melanophryniscus) of the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. We also analyzed age structure, whether Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) exists, and if this dimorphismcould be explained by proximate mechanisms such as differences in growth patterns. The Melanophryniscus we studied bred during two or three consecutive days, in several explosive events that occurred between April 2009 and October 2012. These events were determined by a trade-off between the air and water temperature, and the level of the water bodies. We observed spatial segregation among the three species we studied when they reproduced synchronously and in sympatry and with the presence of multiple clutches. We found inter-specific differences inbody size. We recorded male-biased sex ratio and SSD in all three species of Melanophryniscus studied. We also found significant interspecific differences in age-related parameters following the differences in body size. Species were not sexually dimorphic by age. We also did not find covariation between body size and reproductive traits. These new insights allow us to predict the responses of Melanphryniscus we studied to the impact of the destruction of their habitat and global warming.Fil: Marangoni, Federico. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentin

Egg clutch structure of Rhinella rumbolli (Anura: Bufonidae), a toad from the Yungas of Argentina, with a review of the reproductive diversity in Rhinella

Rhinella rumbolli is a poorly known, medium-sized toad endemic to the Yungas of Argentina. Recent fieldwork allowed observing its peculiar oviposition mode, which is described in this paper. A review of literature and examination of museum material indicate that oviposition in Rhinella can vary from strings of eggs in a gelatinous tube (uniserial, biserial or multiserial) to open clumps. Clutch features in Rhinella provide informative variation for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies and help to understand the relationships in this large genus of true toads.Fil: Pereyra, Martín Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Vera Candioti, María Florencia. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Herpetología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

The advertisement call and geographic distribution of Odontophrynus lavillai Cei, 1985 (Anura: Odontophrynidae)

Currently, the genus Odontophrynus Reinhardt & Lütken comprises 11 species distributed in southern and eastern South America. Among them, O. americanus (Duméril & Bibron), O. lavillai Cei, O. cordobae Martino & Sinsch, and O. maisuma Rosset constitute a group of sibling diploid and tetraploid species, the O. americanus group (Rosset et al. 2006 and literature cited therein).Fil: Rosset, Sergio Daniel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

The advertisement call and geographic distribution of <i>Odontophrynus lavillai</i> Cei, 1985 (Anura: Odontophrynidae)

Currently, the genus Odontophrynus Reinhardt & Lütken comprises 11 species distributed in southern and eastern South America. Among them, O. americanus (Duméril & Bibron), O. lavillai Cei, O. cordobae Martino & Sinsch, and O. maisuma Rosset constitute a group of sibling diploid and tetraploid species, the O. americanus group (Rosset et al. 2006 and literature cited therein).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus furnarius: new country record, geographic distribution map and advertisement call

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A Semantic Web Approach to Enable a Smart Route to Historical Archives

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Acerca de la localidad tipo y la distribución geográfica de <i>Melanophryniscus Klappenbachi</i> Prigione & Langone, 2000 (Anura: bufonidae)

Prigioni y Langone (2000) describen M. klappenbachi, indicando como localidad tipo "Arroyo Palometa, Ruta Nacional Nº 1, provincia del Chaco, República Argentina"; dicha localidad es inexacta ya que la ruta mencionaa no atraviesa el territorio chaqueño y debe ser reemplazada por "Arroyo Palometa, Ruta Nacional Nº 11 (27º 43' 02.2'' S, 59º 13' 57,9'' W, 65 msnm), Dto. San Fernando, provincia del Chaco, República Argentina".Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA

Acerca de la localidad tipo y la distribución geográfica de <i>Melanophryniscus Klappenbachi</i> Prigione & Langone, 2000 (Anura: bufonidae)

Prigioni y Langone (2000) describen M. klappenbachi, indicando como localidad tipo "Arroyo Palometa, Ruta Nacional Nº 1, provincia del Chaco, República Argentina"; dicha localidad es inexacta ya que la ruta mencionaa no atraviesa el territorio chaqueño y debe ser reemplazada por "Arroyo Palometa, Ruta Nacional Nº 11 (27º 43' 02.2'' S, 59º 13' 57,9'' W, 65 msnm), Dto. San Fernando, provincia del Chaco, República Argentina".Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA