Natural bioactive compounds from winery by-products as health promoters: A review

The relevance of food composition for human health has increased consumers’ interest in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as foods enriched in bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals. This fact has led to a growing attention of suppliers on reuse of agro-industrial wastes rich in healthy plant ingredients. On this matter, grape has been pointed out as a rich source of bioactive compounds. Currently, up to 210 million tons of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are produced annually, being the 15% of the produced grapes addressed to the wine-making industry. This socio-economic activity generates a large amount of solid waste (up to 30%, w/w of the material used). Winery wastes include biodegradable solids namely stems, skins, and seeds. Bioactive compounds from winery by-products have disclosed interesting health promoting activities both in vitro and in vivo. This is a comprehensive review on the phytochemicals present in winery by-products, extraction techniques, industrial uses, and biological activities demonstrated by their bioactive compounds concerning potential for human health. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work was supported by national funds from FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects PEst-OE/AGR/UI4033/2014 and Project INNOFOOD-INNovation in the FOOD sector through the valorization of food and agro-food by-products-NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-0000029, financed by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2–O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The authors also express their gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the funding through the CICYT project AGL2011-23690, and the CYTED Program (Ref. 112RT0460) CORNUCOPIA Thematic Network [192]. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)Peer Reviewe

Biological Active Ecuadorian Mango ‘Tommy Atkins’ Ingredients—An Opportunity to Reduce Agrowaste

Mango is a commercially important tropical fruit. During its processing, peel and seed kernel are discarded as waste but they could be recovered as an excellent and cost-effective source of health-promoting ingredients. This study aimed to characterize some of them, including carotenoids like the provitamin A β-carotene and lutein, with an interest beyond its role in eye health. Other health-promoting compounds like tocopherols and polyphenols were also evaluated, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mango by-products. Regarding isoprenoids, α-tocopherol was mainly found in the peels and carotenoids concentration was higher in the pulps. β-carotene was the most abundant carotene in pulp and seed kernel, whereas peel was the only source of lutein, with violaxanthin the most abundant xanthophyll in the different mango organs tested. With regard to polyphenols, peels exhibited greater variability in its phenolic composition, being the total content up to 85 and 10 times higher than the pulp and seed kernels, respectively. On the other hand, peels also stood out for being a very rich source of mangiferin. Seed kernels and peels showed higher antioxidant capacity values than the pulps. These results contribute to the valorization of mango by-products as new natural ingredients for the pharma and food industries.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad COOPB20125Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica Nacional PIS 12-21 and PIMI 14-14Secretaría General Iberoamericana, 112RT0460-CORNUCOPIA, 112RT0445-IBERCAROTEcuador, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación PROMETEO-CEB-018-201

Poliartritis séptica: presentación de tres casos

La artritis séptica poliarticular se define como la infección de dos o más articulaciones, casi siempre de etiología bacteriana y diseminación hematógena. Es considerada una emergencia médica, lo que conlleva reconocerla precozmente, evitar la diseminación de la infección asociada con alta mortalidad y el riesgo de daño estructural articular. Presentamos tres casos de artritis séptica poliarticular, destacándose la importancia de la sospecha clínica y el estudio temprano del líquido sinovial para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento con antimicrobianos, evacuación y lavado articular

Evaluation of hydrogen sulfide supply to biostimulate the nutritive and phytochemical quality and the antioxidant capacity of Cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. ‘Bronco’)

The potential effects of the hydrogen sulfide on shoot biomass, nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of Brassica oleracea, were investigated through the application of increasing doses of NaHS (H2S donor NaHS; 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mM). The results showed that the 0.5 and 1 mM NaHS treatments increased biomass and the quality composition of ‘Bronco’ cabbage (i.e. chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonols, total phenolics and sinigrin). On the other hand, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content with the application of doses higher than 2.5 mM NaHS. Therefore, we selected the 0.5 and 1 mM NaHS dosages as optimal for cabbage. The 2.5 and 5 mM NaHS produced an excessive lipid peroxidation, decreases in plant biomass and losses of chlorophylls, being all considered negative effects, and clear evidences of stressful situation for the plants. For practical purposes, this study suggested that exogenous application of H2S donor NaHS at 0.5 and 1 mM may be useful as bio-stimulant to boost the yield and the health-promoting composition of ‘Bronco’ cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.).   The online version of theis article (doi: 10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.038) contains a supplementary file

Policondritis recidivante como fenómeno paraneoplásico en paciente con síndrome mielodisplásico

Los síndromes mielodisplásicos son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades hematológicas, caracterizadas por hematopoyesis ineficaz con riesgo de progresión a leucemia mieloide aguda. Pueden asociarse a manifestaciones autoinmunes en un 10-30% de los pacientes, apareciendo antes, durante o luego del diagnóstico del trastorno hematológico. La prevalencia de policondritis recidivante como fenómeno paraneoplásico es de 0,7-5,4%, presentándose de forma simultánea en la mayoría de los casos. Otros procesos autoinmunes asociados incluyen: vasculitis sistémica, poliartritis seronegativa, dermatosis neutrofílica, citopenias inmunomediadas, presencia de autoanticuerpos y crioglobulinemia. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 60 años, sin antecedentes patológicos previos, que presentó un cuadro de policondritis recidivante y vasculitis sistémica asociadas a síndrome mielodisplásico

Infección urinaria no complicada en mujeres: etiología y resistencia a antimicrobianos

Nuestros objetivos fueron determinar la etiología y analizar los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana de los microorganismos causantes de  infecciones urinarias no complicadas en nuestro medio. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se analizó la resistencia antimicrobiana in vitro de los urocultivos. Se incluyeron 580 urocultivos de mujeres mayores de 15 años. Un 82.6% de urocultivos  correspondieron a cistitis y el 17.4%  a pielonefritis.Se obtuvieron 353 urocultivos de mujeres  &lt; 50 años (60.9%) y 227 a ? 50 años (39.1%).Los patógenos más frecuentes fueron: Escherichia coli (85.5%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.7%). Se encontró una resistencia de E coli a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol del 28.6%, a ciprofloxacina de  7.9% y a nitrofurantoína de 0.4%. Se evidenció diferencia significativa (p=0.005) en la resistencia de E coli a ciprofloxacina en las mujeres ?50 años de edad. Nuestros datos muestran que existe una baja resistencia in vitro a nitrofurantoína. </p

Nephrocalcinosis and proximal tubulopathy in Sjögren's Syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease. Renal involvement may occur in up to 30% of patients. The incidence of tubulopathies ranges from 2.6 to 33%. They are manifested by defects in the urine concentration and hydroelectrolyte alterations, mainly distal tubular acidosis and exceptionally proximal tubular acidosis. These disorders can be associated with nephrocalcinosis and renal lithiasis.We report the case of a patient with primary Sjögren who presented proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with recurrent renal colic due to renal lithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.We highlight the importance of diagnosing renal tubular acidosis in patients with Sjögren's syndrome that present alterations in urinary sediment and electrolyte disorders to avoid nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Acidosis correction treatment aims to prevent the progression of the disorder and preserve renal function.</p

Características de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo en pacientes adultos de dos centros de tercer nivel de Córdoba, Argentina

Introducción: Las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo (ITS) generan elevada morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar características epidemiológicas, microbiológicas y clínicas de ITS adquiridas en la comunidad (ITS-AC) e intrahospitalarias (ITS-IH). Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente eventos de bacteriemia y fungemia en dos hospitales de tercer nivel entre abril de 2009 y agosto de 2013.  Resultados: Se identificaron 1150 eventos de ITS, 53% ITS-AC. El 61% de microorganismos aislados fueron gram negativos. Los patógenos más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli en ITS-AC y Klebsiella pneumoniae en ITS-IH.  Staphylococcus aureus fue el gram positivo más frecuente. Las principales comorbilidades fueron enfermedad renal (39%) y neoplasias (38%). El 26,8% de ITS fueron primarias. Los focos infecciosos más frecuentes fueron respiratorio (17%) y urinario (16,9%). Un elevado porcentaje de gram negativos en ITS-AC e ITS-IH fueron resistentes a ampicilina sulbactam (40,2% y 57,5%), cefalotina (36,7% y 46,8%), trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (32,8% vs 35,5%) y ciprofloxacina (24,6% y 35,3%). Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente fue más frecuente en ITS-IH (31,4% vs 11,8%, p=0,007). Conclusiones: Las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de ITS fueron similares a las reportadas por otros estudios latinoamericanos. Pero observamos algunas diferencias en los perfiles de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resaltamos la importancia de la vigilancia epidemiológica local para elegir tratamientos empíricos apropiados.</p

Elicitation: A tool for enriching the bioactive composition of foods

Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods. © Molecules 2014.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) CICYT (AGL2012-40175-C02-01 and AGL2013-46247-P) and by the Seneca Foundation-Regional Agency for Science and Technology of the Murcia Region (CARM; Project Ref. 08753/PI/08, and the Excellence in research Grant 04486/GERM/06). N. Baenas was funded by a FPU (Formación Profesorado Universitario) grant of the Fellowship Programme from the Spanish Ministry of Education – European Social Funds. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)Peer Reviewe

Elicitation: A Tool for Enriching the Bioactive Composition of Foods

Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods