The Analysis of Pediatric Sleep Lab Inefficiencies

The goal of this project is to develop a children’s sleep apnea test for home use. This design is to be of cost and quality improvement to what is currently on the market. It is important to fully understand the background of this sleep disorder in order to create this improvement. Knowing what sleep apnea is, as well as the different types, is what is used to create the methods such as S.C.O.P.E.R. Each letter is used to observe one portion or aspect of the human body and how it functions with regards to sleep apnea. The data taken from the test is used in determining sleep apnea, the severity, and necessary treatment. On the side of cost, the price of a sleep test, depending on whether it is a home test or not is taken into consideration for the patient’s insurance. This includes anywhere from speaking to a specialist before setting up a sleep test to analyzing the data from said sleep test. These things are all taken into account when designing a sleep test for home use

Association of Social Risk Factors With Mortality among Us adults With a New Cancer Diagnosis

This cohort study examines the associations of multiple social risk factors with mortality risk among patients newly diagnosed with cancer in the US

Prenatal Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure and Adult Affective Disorders:A Role for Serotonergic and Catecholamine Pathways

Fetal glucocorticoid exposure is a key mechanism proposed to underlie prenatal ‘programming’ of adult affective behaviours such as depression and anxiety. Indeed, the glucocorticoid metabolising enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which is highly expressed in the placenta and the developing fetus, acts as a protective barrier from the high maternal glucocorticoids which may alter developmental trajectories. The programmed changes resulting from maternal stress or bypass or from the inhibition of 11β-HSD2 are frequently associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hence, circulating glucocorticoid levels are increased either basally or in response to stress accompanied by CNS region-specific modulations in the expression of both corticosteroid receptors (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors). Furthermore, early-life glucocorticoid exposure also affects serotonergic and catecholamine pathways within the brain, with changes in both associated neurotransmitters and receptors. Indeed, global removal of 11β-HSD2, an enzyme that inactivates glucocorticoids, increases anxiety‐ and depressive-like behaviour in mice; however, in this case the phenotype is not accompanied by overt perturbation in the HPA axis but, intriguingly, alterations in serotonergic and catecholamine pathways are maintained in this programming model. This review addresses one of the potential adverse effects of glucocorticoid overexposure in utero, i.e. increased incidence of affective behaviours, and the mechanisms underlying these behaviours including alteration of the HPA axis and serotonergic and catecholamine pathways

Serological identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children visiting a hospital during the initial Seattle outbreak

COVID-19 disease is less common in children than adults, but the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infections are missed through symptom-driven testing is not well understood. In this study, the authors show that approximately 1% of children seeking care for reasons other than COVID-19 at a Seattle hospital in March/April 2020 were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2