Multidimensional continued fractions, dynamical renormalization and KAM theory

The disadvantage of `traditional' multidimensional continued fraction algorithms is that it is not known whether they provide simultaneous rational approximations for generic vectors. Following ideas of Dani, Lagarias and Kleinbock-Margulis we describe a simple algorithm based on the dynamics of flows on the homogeneous space SL(2,Z)\SL(2,R) (the space of lattices of covolume one) that indeed yields best possible approximations to any irrational vector. The algorithm is ideally suited for a number of dynamical applications that involve small divisor problems. We explicitely construct renormalization schemes for (a) the linearization of vector fields on tori of arbitrary dimension and (b) the construction of invariant tori for Hamiltonian systems.Comment: 51 page

Kinetics of phosphorus in tissues of lambs fed different sources of calcium

Foram utilizados 12 cordeiros machos, inteiros, com peso médio de 31,6kg. Os cordeiros foram alimentados com dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja, suplementadas com diferentes fontes de cálcio: calcário calcítico (CC), feno de alfafa (FA), polpa cítrica (PC) e farinha de conchas de ostras (FCO). Os animais receberam injeção de 7,4 MBq do radiofósforo (32P) e após sete dias foram abatidos para posteriores análises. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. A taxa de retenção de 32P, as atividades específicas relativas e padronizadas, e a quantidade de P inorgânico nos tecidos foram iguais para todos os tratamentos (P>0,05). A comparação entre os tecidos mostrou que a concentração de P inorgânico e a taxa de retenção de 32P (P0.05). The comparison between tissues showed that the concentration of inorganic P and rate of 32P retention was greater in bone (P<0.01) than in soft tissue. The 32P retention presented the following decreasing order: kidney, liver, heart, muscle and bone (P<0.01). P resorption in bone was higher than P accreted in bone, leading to a negative balance of P in bone for the majority of animals. The means for P accreted in bone were 1.56, 3.29, 2.74 and 2.06g/animal and the means for P resorption in bone were 2.82, 4.51, 4.09 and 3.05g/animal for limestone (CC), alfalfa hay (FA), citrus pulp (PC) and oyster shell meal (OSM), respectively. P resorption values were higher than P accretion in bone leading to a negative balance of P for the majority of animals. It was concluded that the different sources of calcium did not interfere in the kinetics of phosphorus and the amount of P absorbed did not attend P demands of the animals

Elliptic flow from color strings

It is shown that the elliptic flow can be successfully described in the color string picture with fusion and percolation provided anisotropy of particle emission from the fused string is taken into account. Two possible sources of this anisotropy are considered, propagation of the string in the transverse plane and quenching of produced particles in the strong color field of the string. Calculations show that the second source gives an overwhelming contribution to the flow at accessible energies.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure

A model for net-baryon rapidity distribution

In nuclear collisions, a sizable fraction of the available energy is carried away by baryons. As the baryon number is conserved, the net-baryon $B-\bar{B}$ retains information on the energy-momentum carried by the incoming nuclei. A simple and consistent model for net-baryon production in high energy proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions is presented. The basic ingredients of the model are valence string formation based on standard PDFs with QCD evolution and string fragmentation via the Schwinger mechanism. The results of the model are presented and compared with data at different centre-of-mass energies and centralities, as well as with existing models. These results show that a good description of the main features of net-baryon data is possible in the framework of a simplistic model, with the advantage of making the fundamental production mechanisms manifest.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures; in fig. 11 a) the vertical scale was correcte

Magnetic relaxation phenomena and cluster glass properties of La{0.7-x}Y{x}Ca{0.3}MnO{3} manganites

The dynamic magnetic properties of the distorted perovskite system La{0.7-x}Y{x}Ca{0.3}MnO{3} (0 <= x <= 0.15) have been investigated by ac-susceptibility and dc magnetization measurements, with emphasis on relaxation and aging studies. They evidence for x >= 0.10 the appearance of a metallic cluster glass phase, that develops just below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. The clusters grow with decreasing temperature down to a temperature T(f0) at which they freeze due to severe intercluster frustration. The formation of these clusters is explained by the presence of yttrium induced local structural distortions that create localized spin disorder in a magnetic lattice where double-exchange ferromagnetism is dominant.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Identifying and managing patient–ventilator asynchrony: An international survey.

Objective: To describe the main factors associated with proper recognition and management of patient ventilator asynchronies (PVA). Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Setting: International study conducted in 20 countries through an online survey. Participants: Physicians, respiratory therapists, nurses and physiotherapists that are currently working at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Main variables of interest: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to establish associations between all variables (profession, training in mechanical ventilation, type of training program, years of experience and ICU characteristics) with the ability of HCPs to correctly identify and manage 6 PVA. Results: A total of 431 HCPs answered a validated survey. The main factors associated with the proper recognition of PVA were: specific training program in mechanical ventilation (MV) (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.14-4.52; p = 0.019), courses with more than 100 hours completed (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.29-4.03; p = 0.005) and the number of intensive care unit (ICU) beds (OR 1.037; 95% CI 1.01-1.06; p = 0.005). The main factor that influenced PVA management was recognizing 6 PVA correctly (OR 118.98; 95%CI 35.25-401.58; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Identifying and managing PVA using ventilator waveform analysis is influenced by many factors including specific training programs in MV, number of ICU beds and the recognized number of PVA.pre-print169 K

Two-body Z′Z' decays in the minimal 331 model

The two-body decays of the extra neutral boson Z_2 predicted by the minimal 331 model are analyzed. At the three-level it can decay into standard model particles as well as exotic quarks and the new gauge bosons predicted by the model. The decays into a lepton pair are strongly suppressed, with $Br(Z_2 --> l^+l^-) ~ 10^{-2}$ and $Br(Z_2 --> \bar{\nu}_l \nu) ~ 10^{-3}$. In the bosonic sector, Z_2 would decay mainly into a pair of bilepton gauge bosons, with a branching ratio below the 0.1 level. The Z_2 boson has thus a leptophobic and bileptophobic nature and it would decay dominantly into quark pairs. The anomaly-induced decays $Z_2 --> Z_1\gamma$ and $Z_2 --> Z_1Z_1$, which occurs at the one-loop level are studied. It is found that $Br(Z_2 --> Z_1\gamma) ~ 10^{-9}$ and $Br(Z_2 --> Z_1Z_1) ~ 10^{-6}$ at most. As for the $Z_2 --> W^+W^-$ and $Z_2 --> Z_1H$ decays, with H a relatively light Higgs boson, they are induced via Z'-Z mixing. It is obtained that $Br(Z_2 --> W^+W^-) ~ 10^{-2}$ and $Br (Z_2 --> Z_1H) ~ 10^{-5}$. We also examine the flavor changing neutral current decays $Z_2 --> tc$ and $Z_2 --> tu$, which may have branching fractions as large as $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-5}$, respectively, and thus may be of phenomenological interest.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Pressure-induced radial collapse in few-wall carbon nanotubes: A combined theoretical and experimental study

Brazilian authors acknowledge funding from CNPq (grant 307317/2010-2, INCT NanoBioSimes) and Central Analítica-UFC/CT-INFRA-FINEP/Pró-Equipamentos-CAPES/CNPq-SisNano-MCTI (grant 402284/2013-5). R. S. Alencar is also in debt to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior under the grant No. 99999.004227/2014-00 for financial support. Alexander Soldatov (University of Lulea, Sweden) is warmly acknowledged for discussions on the RBM Raman spectra interpretation at the collapse region