Research note: The influence of micro-oxygenation on the long-term ageing ability of Pinot noir wine

In this study, Pinot noir wines were bottle aged for 12 and 18 months after micro-oxygenation (MOX) applied before or after malolactic fermentation (MLF) at two doses (10.8 and 52.4 mg/L/month). After ageing, a greater decrease in the total SO₂ concentration was found in wines with the higher MOX dosage, demonstrating a long-term impact of higher oxygen exposure on wines’ SO₂ requirement. Meanwhile, a negative impact of MOX on wine colour development occurred over time, resulting in a large loss of colour measures (i.e., 420 nm for brown hues, 520 nm for red colour, SO₂ resistant pigments, and colour intensity), which was greater with the early oxygen exposure. This was linked to a significantly lower content of large polymeric pigments in MOX treatments. Tannin concentration was, in the end, not affected by the MOX treatments. However, regarding tannin composition, considerably higher (-)-epicatechin extension units but much lower (-)-epicatechin terminal units were found with MOX treatments. In addition, a significant reduction of tannin trihydroxylation (%Tri-OH) but a higher galloylation (%Galloyl) and mean degree of tannin polymerisation (mDP) remained in wines with MOX, indicating a long-term negative influence on astringency intensity

Varietal aromas of Sauvignon Blanc: Impact of oxidation and antioxidants used in winemaking

Key varietal characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc, including the descriptors of ‘green’ and ‘tropical fruit’, are mostly attributed to methoxypyrazines and volatile thiols, while monoterpenes, higher alcohols, esters, fatty acids, and other volatile compounds also add complexity and fruity notes to the wines. During the winemaking and ageing period, oxidation decreases the concentrations of these compounds and diminishes the flavours derived from this aromatic grape variety. Therefore, antioxidants, such as sulfur dioxide, are commonly utilized in Sauvignon Blanc wine production for better preservation of those beneficial primary aromas. This review focuses on key varietal aromas in Sauvignon Blanc wine and how they are influenced by oxidation, and SO₂ alternatives, including ascorbic acid, glutathione, and glutathione-enriched inactivated dry yeasts, that can be used in winemaking as antioxidants

Impact of microoxygenation on Pinot noir wines with different initial phenolic content

Microoxygenation (MOX) is used to improve wine colour and sensory quality; however, limited information is available for Pinot noir wines and wines with different initial phenolic content. In this study, MOX was applied to two Pinot noir wines, with either a low or a high phenolic content, at two doses (0.50 and 2.11 mg/L/day) for 14 days. With the sterile filtration applied, acetaldehyde formation during MOX was very low, supporting the influence of yeast on acetaldehyde production during MOX. The MOX dosage rate did not significantly affect colour development, while the Pinot noir wine with higher phenolics benefited more from MOX, significantly increasing colour intensity and SO₂ resistant (polymeric) pigments. However, these changes did not guarantee colour stability, as a final SO₂ addition (100 mg/L) largely erased the improvement to colour in all wines. This could be due to the lower acetaldehyde formation, thus less ethyl-bridged stable pigments resistant to SO₂ bleaching. MOX also decreased the flavan-3-ols and anthocyanin monomers, which differed between the two Pinot noir wines, reflecting the initial phenolic content. Lastly, MOX generally increased the measured tannin concentration and affected the proportion of tannin subunits, with a decrease in tannin mass conversion and proportion of (-)-epigallocatechin extension units. Some of these changes in phenolic compounds could potentially increase astringency, suggesting that MOX should be applied to Pinot noir and other low phenolic wines with caution

Leishmania spp.: isolamento de parasitos pela inoculação de macerados de biopsias de pacientes em camundongos deficientes em interferon gama

Isolation of Leishmania parasite and species identification are important for confirmation and to help define the epidemiology of the leishmaniasis. Mice are often used to isolate pathogens, but the most common mouse strains are resistant to infection with parasites from the Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus. In this study we tested the inoculation of interferon gamma knockout (IFNγ KO) mice with biopsy macerates from Leishmania-infected patients to increase the possibility of isolating parasites. Biopsies from twenty five patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis were taken and tested for the presence of parasites. Immunohistochemical assay (IHC) and conventional histopathology detected the parasite in 88% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Leishmania sp. were isolated in biopsy macerates from 52% of the patients by culture in Grace's insect medium, but 13% of isolates were lost due to contamination. Inoculation of macerates in IFNγ KO mice provides isolation of parasites in 31.8% of the biopsies. Most isolates belong to L. (Viannia) subgenus, as confirmed by PCR, except one that belongs to L. (Leishmania) subgenus. Our preliminary results support the use of IFNγ KO mice to improve the possibility to isolate New World Leishmania species.O isolamento e a identificação da espécie de parasito do gênero Leishmania são importantes para a confirmação e auxiliam na epidemiologia da leishmaniose. Os camundongos são freqüentemente utilizados para isolar patógenos, porém, as linhagens mais comuns de camundongos são resistentes à infecção por parasitos do subgênero Leishmania (Viannia). Neste estudo, avaliamos a inoculação de macerados de biópsias de pacientes infectados em camundongos deficientes do gene do interferon gama (IFNγ KO) como um método para aumentar a possibilidade de isolar Leishmania spp. Biópsias de 25 pacientes infectados com Leishmania sp. foram avaliadas para a presença de parasitos pelos métodos de imunohistoquímica (IHC) e histopatologia convencional. Os parasitos foram observados, respectivamente, em 88% e 83% das biópsias. Leishmania sp. foi isolada de macerados de biópsia de 52% dos pacientes infectados, quando cultivados em meio Grace, porém, 13% destes isolados foram perdidos devido a contaminações. Inoculação dos macerados em camundongos IFNγ KO proporcionou o isolamento de parasitos oriundos de 31,8% dos pacientes. A maioria dos isolados pertence ao subgênero L. (Viannia), exceto um que pertence ao subgênero L. (Leishmania), como confirmado pela reação da polimerase em cadeia. Nossos resultados preliminares sugerem que o uso de camundongos IFNγ KO pode ser útil para aumentar a possibilidade de isolamento de leishmânias encontradas nas Américas

Approach to competences, human development and higher education

Tendo como fundamento a psicologia do desenvolvimento humano, apresenta-se, neste artigo, uma ampliação conceitual à compreensão de competência. Esse é um termo polissêmico, com multiplicidade de concepções epistemológicas, éticas e ideológicas que imprimem complexidade aos processos formativos, especialmente em relação à formação pessoal e profissional na educação superior. Defende-se a noção de competência ancorada na mobilização intencional de diversos recursos próprios ao desenvolvimento humano: processos psicológicos, comportamentos, conhecimentos, afetos, crenças, habilidades, escolhas éticas e estéticas, que devem ser mobilizados pelo sujeito. Apresenta-se, a partir dessa ampliação, uma categorização de competências transversais e possibilidades para sua avaliação. A reflexão pode fundamentar uma atuação crítica de psicólogos e educadores para a mediação do desenvolvimento de competências dos atores do ensino superior.Grounded on human development psychology, this paper presents a conceptual expansion of the understanding about competence. This is a polysemic construct, with a wide range of epistemological, ethical and ideological concepts that reinforce the complexity of training processes, especially in relation to personal and professional training in the context of higher education. This paper defends the notion of competence rooted in intentional mobilization of various resources inherent to human development: psychological processes, behaviors, knowledge, emotions, beliefs, aptitudes, ethical and aesthetic choices that the subject must mobilize. From this conceptual expansion, a categorization of transversal competences and possibilities of assessment are presented. Analyses can support critical actions of psychologists and educators to mediate the development of competences of higher education actors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ACIDEZ POTENCIAL DE SOLOS DO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ ESTIMADA PELO MÉTODO POTENCIOMÉTRICO SMP

A solução SMP possui relação significativa entre os valores de pH e H + Al em amostras de solo. Contudo, o padrão de calibração desta relação varia de acordo com o solo, sendo necessários padrões locais para a validação deste experimento. Este trabalho sugere uma equação matemática preparada a partir de análises de pH SMP em 165 amostras de solos de diversas áreas do Estado do Amapá. Os valores de H + Al foram calculados por análise volumétrica ácido-base e seus resultados (cmolc dm-3) foram plotados em gráfico em função dos valores de pH SMP, gerando uma equação matemática que melhor estimasse a acidez potencial dos solos do Estado do Amapá. Diversos modelos matemáticos foram analisados. A equação H + Al = 62,08 - 14,394 SMP + 0,8263 SMP2  (R2 = 0,9491), com valores de H + Al em cmolc dm-3 pode ser utilizada para estimar a acidez potencial pelo método do pH SMP.&nbsp

Grape berry size is a key factor in determining New Zealand Pinot noir wine composition

Making high quality but affordable Pinot noir (PN) wine is challenging in most terroirs and New Zealand (NZ)’s situation is no exception. To increase the probability of making highly typical PN wines, producers choose to grow grapes in cool climates on lower fertility soils while adopting labour intensive practices. Stringent yield targets and higher input costs necessarily mean that PN wine cost is high, and profitability lower, in affordable varietal wine ranges. To understand if higher-yielding vines produce wines of lower quality we have undertaken an extensive study of PN in NZ. Since 2018, we established a network of twelve trial sites in three NZ regions to find individual vines that produced acceptable commercial yields (above 2.0 kg per metre of row) and wines of composition comparable to “Icon” labels. Approximately 20 % of 660 grape lots (N = 135) were selected within a narrow juice Total Soluble Solids (TSS) range of 22.0 ± 1.0 °Brix and made into single-vine wines under controlled conditions. Multiple Factor Analysis of the vine, berry, juice and wine parameters from three vintages found grape Berry Weight to be the most effective clustering variable. As the Berry Weight category decreased, there was a systematic increase in the probability of higher berry red colour and total phenolics with a parallel increase in wine phenolics and decreased juice amino acids. The influence of berry weight on wine composition would appear stronger than the individual effects of Vintage, Region, Vineyard or vine Yield. Our observations support the hypothesis that it is possible to produce PN wines that fall within an “Icon” benchmark composition range at yields above 2.5 kg per vine, provided that the Leaf Area:Fruit Weight ratio is above 11 cm² per g, mean berry weight is below 1.2 g and juice TSS is above 22 °Brix

Comportamentos de risco para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em usuários de crack

Objectives: to investigate the prevalence and risk behaviors by means of reporting of sexually transmitted diseases among crack users.Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 588 crack users in a referral care unit for the treatment of chemical dependency. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interview and analyzed using Stata statistical software, version 8.0.Results: of the total participants, 154 (26.2%; 95% CI: 22.8-29.9) reported antecedents of sexually transmitted diseases. Ages between 25 and 30 years (RP: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0-4.0) and over 30 years (RP: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.1-6.8), alcohol consumption (RP: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.3), antecedents of prostitution (RP: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.9) and sexual intercourse with person living with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS (RP: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2) were independently associated with reporting of sexually transmitted diseases.Conclusion: the results of this study suggest high risk and vulnerability of crack users for sexually transmitted diseases.Objetivos:investigar a prevalência e comportamentos de risco através do relato de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em usuários de crack.Método:estudo transversal, realizado com 588 usuários de crack, de uma unidade de referência para tratamento de dependência química. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista face a face e analisados em programa estatístico Stata, versão 8.0.Resultados:do total de participantes, 154 (26,2%; IC 95%: 22,8-29,9) referiram antecedentes de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Idade entre 25 e 30 anos (RP: 2,1; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0) e superior a 30 anos (RP: 3,8; IC 95%: 2,1-6,8), consumo de álcool (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,3), antecedentes de prostituição (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,3-2,9) e relação sexual com pessoa vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/aids (RP: 2,7; IC 95%: 1,84,2) foram independentemente associados ao relato de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.Conclusão:os resultados deste estudo sugerem elevado risco e vulnerabilidade dos usuários de crackpara as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.Objetivos:investigar la prevalencia y las conductas de riesgo a través del informe de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual entre los usuarios de crack.Método:estudio transversal con 588 usuarios de crack, de una unidad de referencia para el tratamiento de la dependencia química. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de entrevista cara a cara y se analizaron utilizando el programa estadístico Stata, versión 8.0.Resultados:del total de participantes, 154 (26,2%; IC 95%: 22,8-29,9) informaron antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Edad entre 25 y 30 años (RP: 2,1; IC9 5%: 1,0-4,0) y superior a 30 años (RP: 3,8; IC 95%: 2,1-6,8), consumo de alcohol (OR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1-3,3), antecedentes de prostitución (RP: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,3-2,9) y relaciones sexuales con persona viviendo con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/ SIDA (RP: 2,7; IC 95%: 1,8-4,2) se asociaron de forma independiente con la notificación de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual.Conclusión:los resultados de este estudio sugieren alto riesgo y la vulnerabilidad de los usuarios de crackpara las enfermedades de transmisión sexual

Motivação para primeira experiência do uso de drogas e recaídas de pessoas em tratamento

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a motivação para primeira experiência no uso de drogas e recaídas após abstinência por pessoas com dependência química induzida pelo crack. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem mista. Foram realizadas 600 entrevistas com a utilização de questionário estruturado, na etapa quantitativa, e oito grupos focais, na etapa qualitativa, com total de 39 participantes. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o software SPSS e o método de interpretação de sentidos. A curiosidade motivou a iniciação do uso de drogas, assim como a pressão dos amigos e problemas familiares. Já a dificuldade de ficar sem a droga, vontade de sentir o efeito novamente, pressão de amigos, problemas familiares, decepção pela desconfiança dos familiares e o uso de drogas na própria instituição de tratamento foram relatados como motivadores de recaída. Os dados em ambas as metodologias foram convergentes e ratificaram os resultados obtidos