O vício de não incorporação da cláusula contratual nos contratos de adesão

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e da EmpresaOs deveres de informação assumem-se como um fator essencial de proteção, no âmbito dos contratos de adesão, mas as consequências da sua violação não se mostram claras, dada a ambiguidade da expressão utilizada no artigo 8º do D.L. nº 446/85, de 25 de Outubro. Procurase, neste estudo, encontrar a consequência para a referida violação, tendo em conta os objetivos da lei. Procede-se à análise do controlo da incorporação das cláusulas, controlo, este, onde se incluem os deveres de informação. Estudam-se os princípios subjacentes ao mesmo, apurandose o seu objetivo e verificando-se como devem ser aplicados os deveres de informação. Desta analise resulta que o controlo da incorporação deve permanecer separado do controlo do conteúdo, que os deveres de informação estão enquadrados pelo princípio da transparência, que, por sua vez, é expressão do princípio da boa fé; e que o objetivo destes deveres é permitir que a parte que se limita a aderir, possa, por um lado, ponderar, de modo devidamente informado, se deve concluir o contrato ou não e, por outro lado, esteja devidamente preparada para a execução do contrato. Com isto em mente faz-se o estudo das diferentes possibilidades, apreciando-se as vantagens e desvantagens das mesmas e a sua adequação ao regime legal. Da comparação das diferentes possibilidades é possível concluir qual o regime a que está sujeita a sanção da violação dos deveres de informação, em termos de quem pode invocar a sanção, o respetivo prazo, a possibilidade de sanação e a possibilidade de conhecimento oficioso. Daqui também resulta a resposta ao problema que se pôs inicialmente, ou seja, qual é o vício que resulta da violação dos deveres de informação. Não se conclui sem antes de referir qual o efeito, no contrato, da não incorporação da cláusula afetada.The information requirements are an essential factor of protection, regarding standard contracts and unfair contract terms, but the consequences of their violation are not clear, considering the ambiguity of the expression used in article 8º of the D.L. nº 446/85, of October 25th. Here we try to ascertain the consequence of that violation, bearing in mind the goals of the law. We analyze the incorporation control of the contract terms, in which are included the information requirements. We study its underlying principles, finding its goal and describing how the information requirements should be observed. From this analysis we find that the incorporation control should remain separated from the content control, that the information requirements are under the principle of transparency, which, itself, is an expression of the principle of good faith; and that the goal of these requirements is to allow the party, that is restricted to the option of accepting or not the contract, on one hand, to consider, with enough information, should he accept the contract or not, and, on the other hand, to be prepared for the execution of the contract. Keeping this in mind, we do the study of the different possibilities, considering their advantages and disadvantages, and their suitability to the law. From the comparison of the different possibilities it is possible to ascertain which regime regulates the sanction resulting from the non-compliance of information requirements; defining who can argue the non-compliance, its deadline, possibility of ratification and the possibility of being assessed on the court´s own motion. From this it is possible to answer our initial problem, that is, which sanction is the consequence of non-compliance regarding the information requirements. Finally, we study the consequences, on the contract, of the non-incorporation of the contractual term

FORMAS DE ADUBAÇÃO DO SORGO GRANÍFERO EM SEMEADURA TARDIA

A cultura do sorgo é cultivada no Brasil no período de segunda safra, onde sua produção é destinada à produção de grãos para fabricação de rações e concentrados, destinando-se também à produção de etanol e silagens, substituindo o milho em muitos casos. Com isso, a busca por aumento de produtividade torna-se fundamental, neste âmbito as formas de adubação são de grande importância. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes formas de adubação na cultura do sorgo granífero em semeadura tardia e a existência de correlação entre as variáveis analisadas. O experimento foi realizado no município de Tangará da Serra-MT, utilizando a cultivar Embrapa BRS 332. O ensaio foi constituído de quatro tratamentos referentes a formas de adubação do formulado NPK 26-28-08 e quatro repetições dispostos em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo: sem adubação (0 Kg ha-1), adubação na linha de plantio (350 Kg ha-1), adubação na linha (250 Kg ha-1) + adubação em cobertura (100 Kg ha-1) e adubação em cobertura (350 Kg ha-1). O estande final foi composto por 15 plantas por metro linear. Para a colheita foram selecionadas de forma aleatória 10 plantas da área útil para a trilha e posteriormente serem secas em estufa. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas com a adubação de 350 Kg ha-1 de formulado na linha de plantio e na adubação de 250 Kg ha-1 na linha de plantio mais 100 Kg ha-1 em cobertura, sendo 2.589,75 Kg ha-1 e 3.607,15 Kg ha-1, respectivamente

Galaxy evolution in compact groups I: Revealing a transitional galaxy population through a multiwavelength approach

Compact groups of galaxies (CGs) show members with morphological disturbances, mainly products of galaxy-galaxy interactions, thus making them ideal systems to study galaxy evolution, in high-density environment. To understand how this environment affects the properties of galaxies, we select a sample of 340 CGs in the Stripe 82 region, for a total of 1083 galaxies, and a sample of 2281 field galaxies as a control sample. By performing a multi-wavelength morphological fitting process using S-PLUS data, we divide our sample into early-type (ETG), late-type (LTG), and transition galaxies using the r-band S\'ersic index and the colour (u-r). We find a bimodal distribution in the plane of the effective radius-S\'ersic index, where a secondary "peculiar" galaxy population of smaller and more compact galaxies is found in CGs, which is not observed in the control sample. This indicates that galaxies are undergoing a morphological transformation in CGs. In addition, we find significant statistical differences in the distribution of specific Star Formation Rate (sSFR) when we compare both environments for LTGs and ETGs. We also find a higher fraction of quenched galaxies and a lower median sSFR in CGs than in the control sample, suggesting the existence of environmental effects favoring the cessation of star formation, regardless of galaxy type. Our results support the notion that CGs promote morphological and physical transformations, highlighting their potential as ideal systems for galaxy pre-processing.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Galaxy evolution in compact groups II. Witnessing the influence of major structures in their evolution

Fil: Parado Montaguth, Gissel Dayana. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Antonela, Monachesi. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Sergio, Torres-Flores. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Gomez, Facundo Ariel. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Ciria, Lima-Dias. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Ciria, Lima-Dias. Universidad de La Serena. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado; Chile.Fil: O’Mill, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina.Fil: O’Mill, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Olave-Rojas, Daniela E. Universidad de Talca. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales; Chile.Fil: Ricardo, Demarco. Universidad Andrés Bello. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Astrofísica; Chile.Fil: Antonio, Kanaan. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Física ; Brazil.Fil: Tiago, Ribeiro. National Optical Astronomy Observatory; Estados Unidos.Fil: William, Schoenell. GMTO Corporation; Estados Unidos.Fil: Cortesi, Arianna. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Claudia, Mendes de Oliveira. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas; Brazil.Fil: Eduardo, Telles. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Observatório Nacional; Brazil.Fil: Swayamtrupta, Panda . Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica; Brazil.Fil: Marco, Grossi. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Augusto Lopes, Paulo Afrânio. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Hernandez-Jimenez, Jose A. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; Brazil.Compact groups (CGs) of galaxies are an extreme environment for the morphological transformations and the cessation of star formation in galaxies. However, despite initially being conceived as isolated systems, it is now widely recognised that many of them are not as isolated as expected. Our objective is to understand the dynamics of CGs, as well as how the environment surrounding CGs impacts their morphological and physical properties. To achieve this, we selected a sample of 340 CGs in the Stripe 82 region, with a total of 1083 galaxies, and a sample of 2281 field galaxies as a control sample. We find that at least 27% of our sample of CGs are part of major structures, i.e. non-isolated CGs. We find a bimodality in the effective radius (Re)-Sérsic index (n) plane for all transition galaxies (those with (u − r) > 2.3 and n < 2.5) in CGs. Additionally, transition galaxies in isolated CGs populate more densely the Re − n plane for n < 1.75. In contrast, transition galaxies in non-isolated CGs have smoothly increasing n values, suggesting these galaxies have already suffered morphological transformation, and primarily contribute to the distribution of more compact galaxies in the Re−n plane for all transition galaxies in CGs. We also find significant differences in the specific star-formation rate (sSFR) distribution between the late-type galaxies (LTGs) (those with (u − r) < 2.3 and n < 2.5) in non-isolated CGs and the same type of galaxies in the control sample, suggesting that the evolution of LTGs differs in non-isolated CGs. Moreover, Early-type galaxies (those with (u − r) > 2.3 and n > 2.5) and transition galaxies in non-isolated CGs have lower sSFR values and a higher fraction of quenched galaxies, compared to those in isolated CGs. Based on our results, we propose an evolutionary scenario where the major structures in which the CGs are embedded accelerate the morphological transformations of their galaxy members, and also facilitates preprocessing. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the larger structures in which CGs may be located, when analysing the properties of their galaxy members, as this can significantly affect the evolution of CGs and their galaxies.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionFil: Parado Montaguth, Gissel Dayana. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Antonela, Monachesi. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Sergio, Torres-Flores. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Gomez, Facundo Ariel. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Ciria, Lima-Dias. Universidad de La Serena. Departamento de Astronomía; Chile.Fil: Ciria, Lima-Dias. Universidad de La Serena. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado; Chile.Fil: O’Mill, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina.Fil: O’Mill, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Olave-Rojas, Daniela E. Universidad de Talca. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Tecnologías Industriales; Chile.Fil: Ricardo, Demarco. Universidad Andrés Bello. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Astrofísica; Chile.Fil: Antonio, Kanaan. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Física ; Brazil.Fil: Tiago, Ribeiro. National Optical Astronomy Observatory; Estados Unidos.Fil: William, Schoenell. GMTO Corporation; Estados Unidos.Fil: Cortesi, Arianna. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Claudia, Mendes de Oliveira. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas; Brazil.Fil: Eduardo, Telles. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Observatório Nacional; Brazil.Fil: Swayamtrupta, Panda . Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica; Brazil.Fil: Marco, Grossi. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Augusto Lopes, Paulo Afrânio. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Observatório do Valongo; Brazil.Fil: Hernandez-Jimenez, Jose A. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; Brazil

Latin American consensus on the treatment of head and neck cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known as a serious health problem worldwide, especially in low-income countries or those with limited resources, such as most countries in Latin America. International guidelines cannot always be applied to a population from a large region with specific conditions. This study established a Latin American guideline for care of patients with head and neck cancer and presented evidence of HNSCC management considering availability and oncologic benefit. A panel composed of 41 head and neck cancer experts systematically worked according to a modified Delphi process on (1) document compilation of evidence-based answers to different questions contextualized by resource availability and oncologic benefit regarding Latin America (region of limited resources and/or without access to all necessary health care system infrastructure), (2) revision of the answers and the classification of levels of evidence and degrees of recommendations of all recommendations, (3) validation of the consensus through two rounds of online surveys, and (4) manuscript composition. The consensus consists of 12 sections: Head and neck cancer staging, Histopathologic evaluation of head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-oral cavity, Clinical oncology-oral cavity, Head and neck surgery-oropharynx, Clinical oncology-oropharynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx, Head and neck surgery-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-larynx/hypopharynx, Clinical oncology-recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer, Head and neck surgery-reconstruction and rehabilitation, and Radiation therapy. The present consensus established 48 recommendations on HNSCC patient care considering the availability of resources and focusing on oncologic benefit. These recommendations could also be used to formulate strategies in other regions like Latin America countries

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics

A genomic database of all Earth’s eukaryotic species could contribute to many scientific discoveries; however, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. In 2018, scientists across the world united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), aiming to produce a database of high-quality reference genomes containing all ~1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) sought to implement a new decentralised, equitable and inclusive model for producing reference genomes. For this, ERGA launched a Pilot Project establishing the first distributed reference genome production infrastructure and testing it on 98 eukaryotic species from 33 European countries. Here we outline the infrastructure and explore its effectiveness for scaling high-quality reference genome production, whilst considering equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational, national genomic resource projects and the EBP.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consenso brasileiro para o tratamento da esclerose múltipla : Academia Brasileira de Neurologia e Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla

O crescent arsenal terapêutico na esclerose múltipla (EM) tem permitido tratamentos mais efetivos e personalizados, mas a escolha e o manejo das terapias modificadoras da doença (TMDs) tem se tornado cada vez mais complexos. Neste contexto, especialistas do Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla e do Departamento Científico de Neuroimunologia da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia reuniram-se para estabelecer este Consenso Brasileiro para o Tratamento da EM, baseados no entendimento de que neurologistas devem ter a possibilidade de prescrever TMDs para EM de acordo com o que é melhor para cada paciente, com base em evidências e práticas atualizadas. Por meio deste documento, propomos recomendações práticas para o tratamento da EM, com foco principal na escolha e no manejo das TMDs, e revisamos os argumentos que embasam as estratégias de tratamento na EM.The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio