Micronucleus assay in genotoxicity assessment

Three different pesticide formulations were tested for micronuclei production and cell cycle arrest. Micronucleus test represents a suitable method for assessing chromosome damage because both chromosome breakage (clastogenicity) and chromosome loss (aneugenicity) can be measured simultaneously. In the experiments for 24 and/or 48 h exposure, no significant increase (p < 0.05) in MN frequency was found in comparison with negative control. On the contrary, the values of CBPI (cytochalasin blocked proliferative index) were significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) for both exposure time. Our results indicated an expressive cytotoxic effect of various pesticides in cultivated bovine peripheral lymphocytes

Fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH) on the veterinary diagnostic field

Proceeding deals with  of genomic changes  detectable by FISH . The DSD syndrom in Yorkshire terrier  78,XY t (Y-;6p+) was observed by the use  of X and Y FISH WCP probes. Following results indicated numerous genomic changes in cancers. Using comparative genomic hybridization numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumour growth. In Bernese Mountain Dog bitch,8  loses on  chromosomes and gains on 18 different of chromosomes were detected. The last study was focused on   chromosomal position and nucleotide sequencing of the LCA5L exons. Those  were analysed in cattle of BTA1q44,  sheep  OAR1q43  and of  CHI1q44 in the goats.Keywords: fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH, veterinary diagnosticsReferencesALARM, M. R. et al. (2007)  Male pseudohermafroditism in dogs: three case reports. Veterinarni Medicina 52 pp.74- 78.Hallermann, C. et al. (2004) Chromosomal Aberration Patterns Differ in Subtypes of Primary Cutaneous B Cell Lymphomas. J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 pp. 1495–1502. D’Haese, J. G. et al.(2005) Chromosomal aberrations in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphomas of Japanese patients, detected with comparative genomic hybridization and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 162 pp. 107–114.Di MEO, G.P. et al. ( 2006) Mapping of 11 genes by FISH to BTA2, BBU2q, OAR2q and CHI2, and comparison with HSA2q. Anim. Genet. 2006; 37 pp. 299-300.NAFSTRöM K. et al.(2007). Effective treatment for the canine RPE65null mutation, a hereditary retinal dystrophy comparable to human Leber’s congenital amaurosis. In:  Retinal degenerations: biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. 1st edn. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 415-431.Schibler L. et al. (2009) Molecular cytogenetics and comparative mapping in goats (Capra hircus, 2n=60). Cytogenet. Genome Res.126 pp 77-85.Streubel, B. et al. (2003) T(14;18)(q32;q21) involving IGH andMALT1 is a frequent chromosomal aberration in MALT lymphoma. Blood 101 pp. 2335–2339

The possibilities of pesticide genotoxicity assessment in bovine lymphocytes cultures

The exposure of dairy cattle to genomic substances may result in mutations, metabolic disorders, immunosuppression and reduced fertility. Potential pesticide genotoxicity can be tested in cultured bovine lymphocyte by broad spectrum of methods including chromosomal aberrations (CA), staining bovine chromosomes with fluorescently labelled DNA probes, micronucleus test (MN test), SCE (Sister Chromatid Exchanges), Comet assay, real-time PCR for detection of changes in expression of some genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, detection of DSB (double-stranded breaks) and biophysical methods of interaction of pesticide compounds with DNA.Keywords: cattle, lymphocytes, pesticides, genotoxicity assessment methods The study was supported by the Slovak Scientific Agency VEGA projects 1/0043/15 and 1/0176/1