Economic calculation and welfare considerations in monopoly and firm theory

The critical reaction of Austrian economists to the neoclassical monopoly theory could be explained by two major facts: this theory lacks definitional clarity, necessary for any serious theoretical analysis, and it contains a dangerous theory of welfare, which is not only incorrect, but tries to justify an aggressive intervention of the state into the realm of purely voluntary market exchanges. The neoclassical theory was, curiously enough, accepted in its main points by Ludwig von Mises, who displaced however the perfect competition as standard for evaluating the “imperfection” of monopoly. We will analyze the explicit and implicit welfare criteria that Mises employs in his theory.economic calculation, monopoly, firm theory, welfare

SUVERANITATEA CONSUMATORULUI – CRITERIU AL BUNASTARII IN REFORMULAREA MISESIANA A TEORIEI MONOPOLULUI SI LIMITELE ACESTUIA

Articolul urmareste sa evidentieze inconsistentele interne ale criteriilor implicite de bunastare pe baza carora teoria neoclasica a monopolului deriva suboptimalitatea acestuia in raport cu o teorie (problematica la randul sau) a concurentei perfecte. In abordarea austriaca a lui Ludwig von Mises, standardul concurentei perfecte este inlocuit cu functionarea reala a pietei. Criteriile pur economice pe care le propune el nu sunt insa suficiente pentru a putea diferentia intr-un mod operational preaul de monopol de celelalte preturi ale pietei. Criteriul de bunastare al „suveranitatii consumatorului” – relevat prin obtinerea celor mai ridicate venituri/profituri date fiind conditiile pietei – nu reuseste sa probeze teza neoclasica si cea misesiana a „esecului” monopolului pe o piata libera, i.e. neobstructionata de interventia statului.teoria austriaca a monopolului, criterii ale bunastarii, suveranitatea consumatorului, calculul economic

Why society is a complex problem? A review of Philip Ball’s book – Meeting Twenty-first Century Challenges with a New Kind of Science

The 21st century is burdened by a series of dramatic changes and efforts are carried out to find potential solutions to consumerism, access to information, transient climate disequilibria, health care and demographic transformations. A new page in human history will bear witness to the introduction of new ways of thinking, new changes, new relationships and interconnections that transcend states and societies. The moment is ripe for individuals aware of the implications carried by global changes and challenges, to step up and encourage responsibility and sustainable development. Mankind is currently living in a data-rich world, where information is widely dispersed. Nevertheless, extracting the right assumptions and conclusions from the available data proves difficult as numerous social phenomena do not run with clockwork precision as the laws governing the Newtonian universe.Human awareness and intelligence demand a more responsible approach to all operations and steps should be made in determining the consequences and their impact. The goal of this paper is not restricted to providing a review but also to enforce certain ideas in relation to the complex interactions specific to society and economic activities

Why society is a complex problem? A review of Philip Ball’s book – Meeting Twenty-first Century Challenges with a New Kind of Science

The 21st century is burdened by a series of dramatic changes and efforts are carried out to find potential solutions to consumerism, access to information, transient climate disequilibria, health care and demographic transformations. A new page in human history will bear witness to the introduction of new ways of thinking, new changes, new relationships and interconnections that transcend states and societies. The moment is ripe for individuals aware of the implications carried by global changes and challenges, to step up and encourage responsibility and sustainable development. Mankind is currently living in a data-rich world, where information is widely dispersed. Nevertheless, extracting the right assumptions and conclusions from the available data proves difficult as numerous social phenomena do not run with clockwork precision as the laws governing the Newtonian universe.Human awareness and intelligence demand a more responsible approach to all operations and steps should be made in determining the consequences and their impact. The goal of this paper is not restricted to providing a review but also to enforce certain ideas in relation to the complex interactions specific to society and economic activities

Pain management in the right iliac fossa during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa in women may be caused by a complicated ovarian cyst, adnexitis, and appendicitis. The paper analyses the characteristics of patients with right iliac fossa pain admitted during the Covid-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis on 25 cases with abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa admitted to “St. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Clinical Hospital Constanta, Romania between March 2020 and March 2021 was performed. In 52% of the cases, the symptomatology remitted with antispasmodics, 4 (16%) patients had cystic torsion and right adnexectomy (group A, without adnexa), 6 (24%) patients had ruptured cysts and right cystectomy, and 2 (8%) had immediate cystectomy together with appendectomy due to signs of peritoneal irritation (group B, adnexa retained). The age, the signs and the symptoms, as well as the inpatient diagnosis in group A were lower compared to patients in group B. The ovarian cyst can become a major surgical emergency if twisted or ruptured and it reaches an important vascular source, especially if it is associated with acute appendicitis, which often poses problems of differential diagnosis. The collaboration between gynecologists and surgeons is essential in the optimal therapeutic solution of these cases

The management of tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with appendicitis

A relatively uncommon medical complication, the tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) can result from ascending pelvic infection in the female genital tract. The paper aims at exploring the characteristics of patients with TOA and at comparing the outcomes of the surgical management with postoperative recovery. A retrospective analysis of 25 cases diagnosed with bilateral, right or left TOA at “St. Apostol Andrei” Emergency Clinical County Hospital Constanta, Romania between January 2019 and December 2020 was performed. The patients’ clinical characteristics, age, environment of origin, socio-economic background, educational level, the means of contraception used, surgical procedures, and postoperative recovery were analyzed. Out of the 25 cases, 40% presented bilateral TOA, 32% right TOA and 28% left TOA and left adnexectomy. In 3 patients (37.5%) with right TOA, appendicectomy was also performed. In 72% of the cases, a median pubic-umbilical incision was performed. The remaining 7 patients (28%) with left TOA underwent Pfannenstiel incision. All cases had a favorable postoperative evolution, the patients being discharged 5-9 days after surgery, benefiting from antibiotic therapy 10 days after their discharge. The co-existence of appendicitis and adnexal pathology should raise awareness for adopting a surgical strategy in order to prevent postoperative complications

Degenerative bony changes in the temporal component of the temporomandibular joint – review of the literature

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes are quite frequent in adults, but not all changes are degenerative. A high prevalence of bone alterations in the TMJs was reported by different research groups. Disturbed remodeling of bony articulating structures occurs because of overloading masticatory forces or because the mechanical loading in the area out-weighs the adaptive capacity of the TMJ structures. Although most of the degenerative TMJ alterations are identified at the level of the condylar process, a complete evaluation of the degenerative modifications encountered in the temporal TMJ region should not be forgotten as they are important for a comprehensive assessment and further management of the clinical situation. Several research groups have described osseous remodeling in the temporal component of the TMJ. Evidence is scarce for degenerative modifications at the level of the articular eminence and thickening of the roof of the glenoid fossa has been associated with osteoarthritis.publishedVersio

Клинико-морфопатологические аспекты красного плоского лишая полости рта.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic, mucocutaneous condition with an unidentified etiology. Women between the ages of 30 and 60 are most affected. The incidence rate for the entire population is 1-2%. Bilateral lesions are typically whitish, sometimes ulcerated. The importance of this condition is related to the frequency of occurrence, the clinical resemblance to other diseases of the mucosa, sometimes with persistent pain and the possible relationship with squamous cell carcinoma. There are several hypotheses regarding the etiology of these diseases, they include: the genetic factor, infectious, psychogenic and autoimmune. The diagnosis of oral plan lichen is made on the basis of clinical and morphopathological examination where information on changes in tissue and cells is obtained.Lichen plan oral este o afecțiune cronică, mucocutanată cu o etiologie needentificată. Cel mai mult sunt afectate femeile cu vârsta cuprinsă între 30 și 60 ani. Rata incidenței pe întreaga populație este de 1-2%. Tipic sunt prezente leziuni bilaterale, albicioase, uneori poartă un caracter ulceros. Importanța acestei afecțiuni este legată de frecvența apariției, de asemănarea clinică cu alte boli ale mucoasei, uneori prezentând dureri persistente și de posibila relație cu carcinomul scuamos. Există câteva ipot eze în ceea ce privește etiologia aceste maladii, din ele fac parte: factorul genetic, infecțios, psihogenic și autoimun. Stabilirea diagnosticului lichenului plan oral se efectuează în baza examenului clinic și morfopatologic unde se obține informație privind schimbări la nivel de țesut și celule.Красный плоский лишай полости рта представляет собой хроническое кожно-слизистое заболевание с неустановленной этиологией. Больше всего страдают женщины в возрасте от 30 до 60 лет. Заболеваемость всего населения составляет 1-2%. Двусторонние поражения обычно беловатые, иногда изъязвленные. Важность этого состояния связана с частотой встречаемости, клиническим сходством с другими заболеваниями слизистой оболочки, иногда с упорным болевым синдромом и возможной связью с плоскоклеточным раком. Существует несколько гипотез относительно этиологии этих заболеваний, к ним относятся: генетическая факторная, инфекционная, психогенная и аутоиммунная. Диагноз плоского лишая полости рта ставится на основании клинического и морфопатологического обследования, при котором получают информацию об изменениях в тканях и клетках

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)