SEED GERMINATION OF THE CORPSE GIANT FLOWER Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang: THE INFLUENCE OF TESTA [Perkecambahan Biji Bunga Bangkai Raksasa Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang: Pengaruh Testa]

Amorphophallus titanum is famous as the gigantic inflorescense and economically prospective due to its 20% glucomannan contents.Various cultivation techniques including germination have been conducted due to the delay in the seed germination of Amorphophallus titanum. Previous studies revealed that A. titanum seeds has not produced faster and better germination rate.Therefore this research was aimed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination,(2) testa/seed coat inhibited germination, (3) GA3hormone promoted the germination rate.The germination pattern was also monitored. The experiments consisted of:Experiment 1: sowing the fruit with the seeds inside and Experiment 2 with two treatments: testa peeling and GA3 hormone treatments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination for 124 days. Experiment 2 resulted in: (1) the delay of the germination for 7-35 days caused by the testa/seed coat, (2) GA3 hormone promoted the germination rate 2.19 coefficient of germination rate; and higher GA3 (1000 ppm) may enhance the seedling growth (reached the highest 23.6 ± 1.3).We also recorded developmental stages from the seed germination, first-leaf emergence and tuber development in series of photographs overtime during the experimental period

IDEAL URUTAN PADA JUMLAH LANGSUNG LEKSIKOGRAFIK DARI TIGA BUAH GRUP ABEL TERURUT TOTAL

Pada skripsi ini dibahas mengenai ideal urutan dari grup abel terurut total. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengkaji ideal urutan dari grup bilangan bulat Z dan grup dari bilangan real R, yang merupakan grup abel terurut total. Ditemukan bahwa keduanya tidak memiliki ideal urutan tak-trivial. Dilanjutkan dengan mengkaji ideal urutan dari jumlah langsung leksikografik grup abel terurut total. Misalkan Γ adalah grup Z⊕_lex Z. Himpunan 0⊕_lex Z adalah ideal urutan dari Γ, karena untuk sembarang (x,y)∈Γ dan (0,n)∈I dengan (0,0)≤(x,y)≤(0,n), mengakibatkan x=0. Jadi (x,y)∈I. Lebih dari itu, ini merupakan ideal tak-trivial satu-satunya dari Γ. Kemudian dibahas ideal urutan dari jumlah langsung leksikografik R⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) dan (Z⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R. Diperoleh ideal urutan tak-trivial dari R⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) hanyalah 0⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) dan 0⊕_lex (0⊕_lex Z). Selanjutnya, ideal urutan tak-trivial dari (Z⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R hanyalah (0⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R dan (0⊕_lex 0) ⊕_lex R. This thesis discussed the order ideal of totally ordered abelian groups. First, this research examines the order ideal of the group of integers Z and the group of real numbers R, which are totally ordered abelian groups. It is found that the two don’t have a nontrivial order ideal. Then examines the order ideal of the lexicographic direct sum of the totally ordered abelian groups. Suppose Γ is the group Z⊕_lex Z with the lexicographic order. The set 0⊕_lex Z is an order ideal, because for any (x,y)∈Γ and (0,n)∈I with (0,0)≤(x,y)≤(0,n), implies that x=0. Thus (x,y)∈I. Moreover, it is the only nontrivial order ideal of Γ. Then discuss the order ideal of the lexicographic direct sum R⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) and (Z⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R. The nontrivial order ideal of R⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) is only 0⊕_lex (Z⊕_lex Z) and 0⊕_lex (0⊕_lex Z). The nontrivial order ideal of (Z⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R is only (0⊕_lex Z) ⊕_lex R and (0⊕_lex 0) ⊕_lex R

Seed Germination of the Corpse Giant Flower Amorphophallus Titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang: the Influence of Testa [Perkecambahan Biji Bunga Bangkai Raksasa Amorphophallus Titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang: Pengaruh Testa]

Amorphophallus titanum is famous as the gigantic inflorescense and economically prospective due to its 20% glucomannan contents.Various cultivation techniques including germination have been conducted due to the delay in the seed germination of Amorphophallus titanum. Previous studies revealed that A. titanum seeds has not produced faster and better germination rate.Therefore this research was aimed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination,(2) testa/seed coat inhibited germination, (3) GA3hormone promoted the germination rate.The germination pattern was also monitored. The experiments consisted of:Experiment 1: sowing the fruit with the seeds inside and Experiment 2 with two treatments: testa peeling and GA3 hormone treatments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the fruit pericarp and the pericarp inhibited the germination for 124 days. Experiment 2 resulted in: (1) the delay of the germination for 7-35 days caused by the testa/seed coat, (2) GA3 hormone promoted the germination rate 2.19 coefficient of germination rate; and higher GA3 (1000 ppm) may enhance the seedling growth (reached the highest 23.6 ± 1.3).We also recorded developmental stages from the seed germination, first-leaf emergence and tuber development in series of photographs overtime during the experimental period

Perancangan Buku Aktivitas Museum Sangiran untuk Usia 12-18 Tahun di Solo

Museum Sangiran merupakan salah satu museum purbakala yang menyimpan fosil manusia purba terlengkap di Jawa. Museum ini didirikan sebagai tempat pembelajaran peninggalan sejarah khususnya mengenai fosil manusia purba. Namun dari banyaknya potensi yang ada didalam Museum Sangiran, engagment serta wisata edukasi yang diberikan saat berada di dalam Museum Sangiran kurang dirasakan dan dinikmati oleh para siswa yang melakukan kunjungan ke Museum Sangiran. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan untuk membuat buku aktivitas Museum Sangiran yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan pengalaman yang lebih menyenangkan sebagai media pembelajaran peninggalan sejarah manusia purba agar kunjungan ke Museum Sangiran tidak hanya sebagai kegiatan melihat-lihat saja tetapi juga dapat menjadi kegiatan yang memiliki aktivitas yang memberikan keterikatan secara emosional saat berada di Museum Sangiran. Perancangan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan wawancara, focus group discussion, dan studi referensi untuk mendapatkan data-data yang digunakan sebagai media pendukung pembuatan konsep perancangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode perancangan oleh Landa. Penulis berharap perancangan ini dapat memberikan pengalaman dan dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran melalui aktivitas bagi anak-anak yang mengunjungi Museum Sangiran sehingga mendapatkan informasi mengenai peninggalan sejarah khususnya manusia purba

ANALISIS PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, DAM RETURN ON EQUITY TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN REAL ESTATE DAN PROPERTY YANG TERDAFTAR DIBURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2014-2017

This  research was conducted with the aim to empirically examine the effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Equity Against Stock Returns on Real  Estate  and  Property  Companies on the Indonesia  Stock Exchange. The research period was carried out for 4 (four) years, namely 2014-2017. This type of research is causal research,  that is, this study  looks  for  a causal  relationship  between  independent  variables  and  the  dependent  variable. The population in this study are all Real Estate and Property companies listed on the IDX, wich were 48 Real Estate and Property. The sample in this study was obtained  by  purposive sampling method that is sampling  based on criteria; (1) Registered as an active Real Estate and Property company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017, (2) Companies that publish their annual reports on the IDX, (3) Real Estate and  Property Companies that issue CR, DER  and ROE for each  consecutive  period  from  2014-2017. Based on these criteria, 36 Real Estate and Property companies were obtained. Hypothesis testing is done by panel data regression analysis, but before testing hypotheses first testing classicalassumptions.The results of hypothesis testing are done partially, namely the t test shows that CR has a positive and insignificant effect on stock returns, DER has a significant negative effect on stock returns and ROE has a significant positive effect on stock returns

Pengembangan Perangkat Asesmen Autentik Berbasis Kontekstual untuk Mengukur Keterampilan Proses Sains Mahasiswa pada Matakuliah Mikrobiologi: (Development of Contextual-based Assessment Tool to Measure Student’s Science Process Skill in Microbiology Course)

This study was conducted to develop contextual-based assessment tool to measure science process skill. The research subjects were (1) 2 expert validators in microbiology material; (2) 3 expert validators in evaluation and assessment; (3) 2 expert validators in science process skills; (4) 2 lecturers teaching microbiology; and (5) 60 biology students from the Biology Education Program, FMIPA, State University of Medan, in their 8th semester. The aim of this research was to develop a contextual-based authentic assessment tool to measure students' science process skills in microbiology that is empirically valid. This development research used the 4-D development model, consisting of defining, designing, developing, and distributing stages. However, the distribution stage was not conducted in this study. The development procedure started with: (1) initial analysis; (2) designing the authentic assessment tool; (3) validating, testing readability, and conducting a limited field test of the authentic assessment tool. The instruments used were validation sheets and questionnaires for the responses of lecturers and students. Data were collected by means of validation results and questionnaires, and were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of the validation of the developed contextual-based authentic assessment tool in microbiology showed that, from the material aspect, it received a percentage of 92.79% (very good) by material expert validators, from the evaluation and assessment aspect, it received a percentage of 93.75% (very good) by evaluation and assessment expert validators, and from the science process skills aspect, it received a percentage of 97.22% (very good) by science process skill expert validators. The readability test conducted by the microbiology lecturers resulted in a percentage of 94.94% (very good), and the limited field test conducted on 60 students resulted in a percentage of 91.19% (very good) Key words: authentic assessment, science process skill, contextual assessment   ASBTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan perangkat penilaian berbasis kontekstual untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains.. Subjek penelitian ini adalah (1) validator ahli materi mikrobiologi sebanyak 2 orang; (2) validator ahli evaluasi dan asesmen sebanyak 3 orang; (3) validator ahli keterampilan proses sains sebanyak 2 orang; (4) dosen pengampu matakuliah mikrobiologi sebanyak 2 orang; dan (5) mahasiswa jurusan biologi, prodi pendidikan biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Universitas Negeri Medan, semester VIII sebanyak 60 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat asessmen autentik berbasis kontekstual untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa pada matakuliah mikrobiologi yang layak secara empiris. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D yang terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan pendistribusian. Namun pada penelitian ini tahap pendistribusian tidak dilakukan. Prosedur pengembangan dimulai dari tahap: (1) analisis awal; (2) perancangan perangkat asesmen autentik; (3) validasi, uji keterbacaan dan uji coba lapang terbatas perangkat asesmen autentik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi dan angket respon dosen dan mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode pengumpulan hasil validasi dan angket respon dosen dan mahasiswa, kemudian data yang didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil validasi perangkat asessmen autentik berbasis kontekstual pada matakuliah mikrobiologi yang dikembangkan ditinjau dari aspek materi oleh validator ahli materi, diperoleh persentase sebesar 92,79% (sangat baik), dari aspek evaluasi dan asesmen oleh validator ahli evaluasi dan asesmen diperoleh persentase sebesar 93,75% (sangat baik), dari aspek keterampilan proses sains oleh validator ahli keterampilan proses sains diperoleh persentase sebesar 97,22% (sangat baik). Hasil uji keterbacaan yang dilakukan oleh dosen pengampuh matakuliah mikrobiologi diperoleh persentase sebesar 94,94% (sangat baik) dan hasil uji coba lapang terbatas yang dilakukan terhadap 60 orang mahasiswa diperoleh persentase sebesar 91,19% (sangat baik). Kata kunci: assessment autentik, keterampilan proses sains, asesmen kontekstua

Efektivitas Kacamata Pb pada Pemeriksaan Gigi Menggunakan Pesawat Dental Panoramic Berdasarkan Laju Dosis Radiasi

The eyes is one of the sensitive organs that can be damaged if exposed to radiation. Pb glasses are one of the radiation protection tools. The use of Pb glasses in minimal dental X-ray examinations will cause cataracts in the patient's eyes, so research has been conducted on the effectiveness of Pb glasses in dental examinations using dental panoramic plane based on radiation dose rates.  The study aims to determine the radiation dose received after and before passing through Pb glasses, determine the effectiveness of Pb glasses during dental X-ray examinations, and evaluate the effect of using Pb glasses on patient image results. Data were collected using three Pb glasses on a dental panoramic plane irradiation. Pb glasses are fitted to patients with thin, normal and overweight categories, this is because patients have different facial shapes and sizes. Determination of radiation dose value and effectiveness was done by attaching TLD-100 to the outside and inside of the Pb glasses lens. The effect of using Pb glasses was evaluated with a radiology specialist through interviews. The results obtained were that there was no radiation dose received by the eyes after passing through Pb glasses, the effectiveness of all Pb glasses was 100%, and the use of Pb glasses did not affect the results of dental X-ray images during examinations using dental panoramic plane

Desain Pengembangan Buku Ajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Berbasis QR Code MA Mambaul Ulum Jombang

This research and development aims to (1) design and develop a more attractive QR Code-based Islamic Cultural History textbook with material that is easy to understand, equipped with pictures and videos that are appropriate to the material developed so as to encourage students to learn effectively. independently 2) determine the level of effectiveness of the QR Code-based Islamic Cultural History textbook. This research uses research and development methods. The samples tested were students from classes XI IPA and XI IPS. Data collection used validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, interviews, observations and documentation carried out at MA Mambaul Ulum Megaluh Jombang. The data analysis techniques used are qualitative and quantitative. Validation by media experts gave an assessment in the "very suitable" category, media experts and student results gave an assessment in the "suitable" category. So it can be concluded that the QR Code-based Islamic Cultural History textbook design is effective and suitable for use for teaching and learning activities for students

Regeneration strategies of palms (Arecaceae) in response to cyclonic disturbances

Tropical cyclones may act as important ecological drivers in northern Australia including north Queensland, as several cyclones impact this region each year between November and May. Extensive research has been conducted to investigate how regeneration of rainforest plant communities respond to frequent cyclonic disturbances. However, there have been few such studies on palms although they are important components of many rainforests. This research aimed to investigate the effects of canopy gaps following cyclonic disturbance (case study: Cyclone Larry) on regeneration of Arenga australasica (H. Wendl. & Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore, Calamus australis Mart., C. moti F. M. Bailey, Hydriastele wendlandiana (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude and Licuala ramsayi var. ramsayi (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude. The field research was carried out at five sites in three areas located in northern Queensland: Tam O’Shanter/Djiru National Park, Clump Mountain National Park and Kurrimine Beach Conservation Park. Observations were made of recruitment, growth rate, leaf turnover and life history. We found that responses of palm regeneration following cyclonic disturbance varied among study sites; however, the recruitment of several species was favoured in gaps created by cyclones. The results also provide information on the various stages in the life cycle of the study palms

HOW TO PREDICT THE BLOOMING OF THE GIANT CORPSE INFLORESCENCE Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang [Prediksi Mekarnya Bunga Bangkai Raksasa Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang]

The giant corpse inflorescence (Amorphophallus titanum) is native to Indonesia. It is one of the flagships of The Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) to raise public awareness for saving plants from extinction and caring the living environment. The blooming of the giant inflorescence attracts many visitors. Therefore, one of the research focuses of Amorphophallus titanum is how to predict the blooming-time in order to inform visitors earlier. The results of this study can be used as the basic information to predict the blooming of the inflorescences. Previous researchers had tried to predict the blooming based on firstly, the differential diagnostics of an inflorescence bud and leaf bud, and secondly, the growth pattern of the flowering bud from one individual sample only; whereas, our results suggested new findings. In this research, the prediction was examined from 2011-2012 on five individual samples planted in Bogor Botanic Gardens. We suggested that (1) the differential diagnostics of an inflorescence bud and leaf bud were not only based on the early bud shapes but also the growth rate, and (2) our results supported Lobin’s findings by providing a statistical formula for growth pattern of the flowering bud