13,769 research outputs found
Psychology ethics down under: A survey of student subject pools in Australia
A survey of the 37 psychology departments offering courses accredited by the Australian Psychological Society yielded a 92% response rate. Sixty-eight percent of departments employed students as research subjects, with larger departments being more likely to do so. Most of these departments drew their student subject pools from introductory courses. Student research participation was strictly voluntary in 57% of these departments, whereas 43% of the departments have failed to comply with normally accepted ethical standards. It is of great concern that institutional ethics committees apparently continue to condone, or fail to act against, unethical research practices. Although these committees have a duty of care to all subjects, the final responsibility for conducting research in an ethical manner lies with the individual researcher
Pump less wearable microfluidic device for real time pH sweat monitoring
This paper presents the fabrication and the performance of a novel, wearable, robust, flexible and disposable
microfluidic device which incorporates micro-Light Emitting Diodes (μ-LEDs) as a detection system, for
monitoring in real time mode the pH of the sweat generated during an exercising period
First Canadian Record of \u3ci\u3eHexacola Neoscatellae\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae), A Parasitoid of the Shore Fly, \u3ci\u3eScatella Stagnalis\u3c/i\u3e
This paper documents the first occurrence of Hexacola neoscatellae, a shore fly parasitoid, in Canada. The discovery of H. neoscatellae is significant because currently there are no suitable biological control agents available for shore fly control to the floriculture industry
The opposites task: Using general rules to test cognitive flexibility in preschoolers
A brief narrative description of the journal article, document, or resource. Executive functions play an important role in cognitive development, and during the preschool years especially, children's performance is limited in tasks that demand flexibility in their behavior. We asked whether preschoolers would exhibit limitations when they are required to apply a general rule in the context of novel stimuli on every trial (the "opposites" task). Two types of inhibitory processing were measured: response interference (resistance to interference from a competing response) and proactive interference (resistance to interference from a previously relevant rule). Group data show 3-year-olds have difficulty inhibiting prepotent tendencies under these conditions, whereas 5-year-olds' accuracy is near ceiling in the task. (Contains 4 footnotes and 1 table.
Integral-Field Spectroscopy of the Post Red Supergiant IRC +10420: evidence for an axi-symmetric wind
We present NAOMI/OASIS adaptive-optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy
of the transitional massive hypergiant IRC +10420, an extreme mass-losing star
apparently in the process of evolving from a Red Supergiant toward the
Wolf-Rayet phase. To investigate the present-day mass-loss geometry of the
star, we study the appearance of the line-emission from the inner wind as
viewed when reflected off the surrounding nebula. We find that, contrary to
previous work, there is strong evidence for wind axi-symmetry, based on the
equivalent-width and velocity variations of H and Fe {\sc ii}
6516. We attribute this behaviour to the appearance of the complex
line-profiles when viewed from different angles. We also speculate that the Ti
{\sc ii} emission originates in the outer nebula in a region analogous to the
Strontium Filament of Carinae, based on the morphology of the
line-emission. Finally, we suggest that the present-day axisymmetric wind of
IRC +10420, combined with its continued blueward evolution, is evidence that
the star is evolving toward the B[e] supergiant phase.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. B&W-optimized
version can be downloaded from http://www.cis.rit.edu/~bxdpci/pubs.htm
Influence of Pre-Training Predator Stress on the Expression of c-fos mRNA in the Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Striatum Following Long-Term Spatial Memory Retrieval
We have studied the influence of pre-training psychological stress on the expression of c-fos mRNA following long-term spatial memory retrieval. Rats were trained to learn the location of a hidden escape platform in the radial-arm water maze, and then their memory for the platform location was assessed 24 h later. Rat brains were extracted 30 min after the 24-h memory test trial for analysis of c-fos mRNA. Four groups were tested: (1) Rats given standard training (Standard); (2) Rats given cat exposure (Predator Stress) 30 min prior to training (Pre-Training Stress); (3) Rats given water exposure only (Water Yoked); and (4) Rats given no water exposure (Home Cage). The Standard trained group exhibited excellent 24 h memory which was accompanied by increased c-fos mRNA in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). The Water Yoked group exhibited no increase in c-fos mRNA in any brain region. Rats in the Pre-Training Stress group were classified into two subgroups: good and bad memory performers. Neither of the two Pre-Training Stress subgroups exhibited a significant change in c-fos mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus or BLA. Instead, stressed rats with good memory exhibited significantly greater c-fos mRNA expression in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) compared to stressed rats with bad memory. This finding suggests that stressed rats with good memory used their DLS to generate a non-spatial (cue-based) strategy to learn and subsequently retrieve the memory of the platform location. Collectively, these findings provide evidence at a molecular level for the involvement of the hippocampus and BLA in the retrieval of spatial memory and contribute novel observations on the influence of pre-training stress in activating the DLS in response to long-term memory retrieval
SDSS IV MaNGA - Rotation Velocity Lags in the Extraplanar Ionized Gas from MaNGA Observations of Edge-on Galaxies
We present a study of the kinematics of the extraplanar ionized gas around
several dozen galaxies observed by the Mapping of Nearby Galaxies at the Apache
Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We considered a sample of 67 edge-on galaxies
out of more than 1400 extragalactic targets observed by MaNGA, in which we
found 25 galaxies (or 37%) with regular lagging of the rotation curve at large
distances from the galactic midplane. We model the observed emission
velocity fields in the galaxies, taking projection effects and a simple model
for the dust extinction into the account. We show that the vertical lag of the
rotation curve is necessary in the modeling, and estimate the lag amplitude in
the galaxies. We find no correlation between the lag and the star formation
rate in the galaxies. At the same time, we report a correlation between the lag
and the galactic stellar mass, central stellar velocity dispersion, and axial
ratio of the light distribution. These correlations suggest a possible higher
ratio of infalling-to-local gas in early-type disk galaxies or a connection
between lags and the possible presence of hot gaseous halos, which may be more
prevalent in more massive galaxies. These results again demonstrate that
observations of extraplanar gas can serve as a potential probe for accretion of
gas.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Axial Symmetry and Rotation in the SiO Maser Shell of IK Tauri
We observed v=1, J=1-0 43-GHz SiO maser emission toward the Mira variable IK
Tauri (IK Tau) using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). The images resulting
from these observations show that SiO masers form a highly elliptical ring of
emission approximately 58 x 32 mas with an axial ratio of 1.8:1. The major axis
of this elliptical distribution is oriented at position angle of ~59 deg. The
line-of-sight velocity structure of the SiO masers has an apparent axis of
symmetry consistent with the elongation axis of the maser distribution.
Relative to the assumed stellar velocity of 35 km/s, the blue- and red-shifted
masers were found to lie to the northwest and southeast of this symmetry axis
respectively. This velocity structure suggests a NW-SE rotation of the SiO
maser shell with an equatorial velocity, which we determine to be ~3.6 km/s.
Such a NW-SE rotation is in agreement with a circumstellar envelope geometry
invoked to explain previous water and OH maser observations. In this geometry,
water and OH masers are preferentially created in a region of enhanced density
along the NE-SW equator orthogonal to the rotation/polar axis suggested by the
SiO maser velocities.Comment: 17 Pages, 4 figures (2 color); accepted for publication in Ap
Cosmic Strings from Supersymmetric Flat Directions
Flat directions are a generic feature of the scalar potential in
supersymmetric gauge field theories. They can arise, for example, from D-terms
associated with an extra abelian gauge symmetry. Even when supersymmetry is
broken softly, there often remain directions in the scalar field space along
which the potential is almost flat. Upon breaking a gauge symmetry along one of
these almost flat directions, cosmic strings may form. Relative to the standard
cosmic string picture based on the abelian Higgs model, these flat-direction
cosmic strings have the extreme Type-I properties of a thin gauge core
surrounded by a much wider scalar field profile. We perform a comprehensive
study of the microscopic, macroscopic, and observational characteristics of
this class of strings. We find many differences from the standard string
scenario, including stable higher winding mode strings, the dynamical formation
of higher mode strings from lower ones, and a resultant multi-tension scaling
string network in the early universe. These strings are only moderately
constrained by current observations, and their gravitational wave signatures
may be detectable at future gravity wave detectors. Furthermore, there is the
interesting but speculative prospect that the decays of cosmic string loops in
the early universe could be a source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays or
non-thermal dark matter. We also compare the observational signatures of
flat-direction cosmic strings with those of ordinary cosmic strings as well as
(p,q) cosmic strings motivated by superstring theory.Comment: 58 pages, 16 figures, v2. accepted to PRD, added comments about
baryogenesis and boosted decay products from cusp annihilatio
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