The archaeologist in contemporary Greek novel

No abstract availabl

Electro-opto-mechanical radio-frequency oscillator driven by guided acoustic waves in standard single-mode fiber

An opto-electronic radio-frequency oscillator that is based on forward scattering by the guided acoustic modes of a standard single-mode optical fiber is proposed and demonstrated. An optical pump wave is used to stimulate narrowband, resonant guided acoustic modes, which introduce phase modulation to a co-propagating optical probe wave. The phase modulation is converted to an intensity signal at the output of a Sagnac interferometer loop. The intensity waveform is detected, amplified and driven back to modulate the optical pump. Oscillations are achieved at a frequency of 319 MHz, which matches the resonance of the acoustic mode that provides the largest phase modulation of the probe wave. Oscillations at the frequencies of competing acoustic modes are suppressed by at least 40 dB. The linewidth of the acoustic resonance is sufficiently narrow to provide oscillations at a single longitudinal mode of the hybrid cavity. Competing longitudinal modes are suppressed by at least 38 dB as well. Unlike other opto-electronic oscillators, no radio-frequency filtering is required within the hybrid cavity. The frequency of oscillations is entirely determined by the fiber opto-mechanics

The archaeologist in contemporary Greek novel

No abstract availabl

Distributed opto-mechanical analysis of liquids outside standard fibers coated with polyimide

The analysis of surrounding media has been a long-standing challenge of optical fiber sensors. Measurements are difficult due to the confinement of light to the inner core of standard fibers. Over the last two years, new sensor concepts have enabled the analysis of liquids outside the cladding boundary, where light does not reach. Sensing is based on opto-mechanical, forward stimulated Brillouin scattering interactions between guided light and sound waves. In most previous works, however, the protective polymer coating of the fiber had to be removed first. In this work, we report the opto-mechanical analysis of liquids outside commercially available, standard single-mode fibers with polyimide coating. The polyimide layer provides mechanical protection but can also transmit acoustic waves from the fiber cladding towards outside media. Comprehensive analysis of opto-mechanical coupling in coated fibers that are immersed in liquid is provided. The model shows that forward stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra in coated fibers are more complex than those of bare fibers, and strongly depend on the exact coating diameter and the choice of acoustic mode. Nevertheless, sensing outside coated fibers is demonstrated experimentally. Integrated measurements over 100 meters of fiber clearly distinguish between air, ethanol and water outside polyimide coating. Measured spectra are in close quantitative agreement with the analytic predictions. Further, distributed opto-mechanical time-domain reflectometry mapping of water and ethanol outside coated fiber is reported, with a spatial resolution of 100 meters. The results represent a large step towards practical opto-mechanical fiber sensors

Opto-Mechanical Interactions in Multi-Core Optical Fibers and Their Applications

[EN] Optical fibers containing multiple cores are being developed towards capacity enhancement in space-division multiplexed optical communication networks. In many cases, the fibers are designed for negligible direct coupling of optical power among the cores. The cores remain, however, embedded in a single, mechanically-unified cladding. Elastic (or acoustic) modes supported by the fiber cladding geometry are in overlap with multiple cores. Acoustic waves may be stimulated by light in any core through electrostriction. Once excited, the acoustic waves may induce photo-elastic perturbations to optical waves in other cores as well. Such opto-mechanical coupling gives rise to inter-core cross-phase modulation effects, even when direct optical crosstalk is very weak. The cross-phase modulation spectrum reaches hundreds of megahertz frequencies. It may consist of discrete and narrow peaks, or may become quasi-continuous, depending on the geometric layout. The magnitude of the effect at the resonance frequencies is comparable with that of intra-core cross-phase modulation due to Kerr nonlinearity. Two potential applications are demonstrated: single-frequency opto-electronic oscillators that do not require radio-frequency electrical filters, and point-sensing of liquids outside the cladding of multi-core fibers, where light cannot reach.This work was supported in part by a Starter Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under Grant H2020-ERC-2015-STG 679228 (L-SID), in part by the Israeli Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant 61047, and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the DIMENSION TEC2017 88029-R Project. H. H. Diamandi was supported by the Azrieli Foundation for the award of an Azrieli Fellowship. The work of J. Madrigal was supported by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia scholarship PAID-01-18. The work of D. Barrera was supported by Spanish MICINN fellowship IJCI-2017-32476.Diamandi, HH.; London, Y.; Bergman, A.; Bashan, G.; Madrigal-Madrigal, J.; Barrera, D.; Sales Maicas, S.... (2020). Opto-Mechanical Interactions in Multi-Core Optical Fibers and Their Applications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 26(4):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2958933S11326