Los Call Centers y su proyección en Colombia: Una aproximación

The call and contact centers constitute models of managerial organization nowadays with characteristic very attractive for the specialists of the economic evolution. In this article it shows up a global vision of the topic but specifying in different perspectives of the same one, and also contemplating their impact in Colombia and Barranquilla. Also were considered, positive and negatives comments arisen concerning the interesting development of this line of world spectrum, to which already refer openly and with most fregment the managers, the associations that govern them, the government spokespersons and until the social nets in consumers’ representation and workers. In particular was incorporated here the vision from a foreign assisting specialist to a congress of the sector in Bogotá, and complementarily Spanish studies about the matter. In this mark of information something profuse, it highlights in our country the shortage of objective investigations in this respect.Los call y contact centers constituyen hoy día modelos de organización empresarial con características muy atractivas para los estudiosos de la evolución económica. En este artículo se presenta una visión global del tema pero especificando en distintas perspectivas del mismo, y contemplando además su impacto en Colombia y Barranquilla. Se tuvieron en cuenta también, comentarios positivos y negativos surgidos a propósito del interesante desarrollo de este renglón de espectro mundial, al cual se refieren ya públicamente y con mayor frecuencia los empresarios, las asociaciones que los rigen, los voceros gubernamentales y hasta las redes sociales en representación de consumidores y trabajadores. En particular se incorporó aquí la visión de un especialista extranjero asistente a un congreso del sector en Bogotá, y complementariamente estudios españoles en la materia. En este marco de información algo profusa, destaca en nuestro país la escasez de investigaciones objetivas al respecto

Capitales golondrina, su incidencia en países emergentes: caso Colombia

The present article seeks to show the importance that they have nowadays for the emergent economies the technological improvements in the mobility of foreign investments of briefcases or flows of capitals that impact in the macroeconomic handling of the country, key for the development in a much more competitive economy and open to the world, impelled by the phenomenon globalizador and the new technologies. THE external financing has played an important role in emergent countries such as Colombia, an evaluation about the characteristics, problems and possibilities that it outlines, and of its implications on the economic politicians. The article analyzes the positive or negative effects of the capitals flow denominated capital swallows in countries in developing economies. These emergent economies of an or another form need this flow of capitals that you/they should be addressed toward the productive systems, having the regulations and entrance correctives and exit for economic effects. The investments in briefcase are studied so that the reader chooses his point of viewEl presente artículo pretende mostrar la importancia que tienen hoy en día para las economías emergentes las mejoras tecnológicas en la movilidad de inversiones extranjeras de portafolios o flujos de capitales que inciden en el manejo macroeconómico del país, clave para el desarrollo en una economía mucho más competitiva y abierta al mundo, impulsada por el fenómeno globalizador y las nuevas tecnologías. EL financiamiento externo ha jugado un papel importante en países emergentes tales como Colombia, una evaluación acerca de las características, problemas y posibilidades que plantea, y de sus implicaciones sobre las políticas económicas. El artículo analiza críticamente los efectos positivos o negativos del flujo de capitales denominados capitales golondrinas en países de economías en desarrollo. Estas economías emergentes de una u otra forma necesitan este flujo de capitales que deben direccionarse hacia los sistemas productivos, teniendo las regulaciones y correctivos de entrada y salida para efectos económicos. Las inversiones en portafolio se estudian de manera que el lector escoja su punto de vista

El marketing percibido desde lo ambiental

This article aims to review an orientation of marketing towards the environmental perception, from the theoretical to the practical. Seeks to also respond to key questions such as do this conceptual applicability is necessary? Defining Green Marketing as a tool for the decision of purchase of eco consumer and the different types of them that are considered to define the strategies and the development of this instrument. The importance of the application of this concept is defined in the behavior of human beings has been growing, and the decisions of purchase, the marketing of goods and services, are nothing more than expressions of socio-economic acts of man. It is sought with this reflection article propose an awareness towards issues that involve the responsibility of the well-being of the inhabitants of the planet, weighing the actions of human beings, such as thinking in what hurts or benefits her acts.Este artículo tiene como objetivo revisar una orientación del marketing hacia la percepción ambiental, desde lo teórico hasta lo práctico. Busca además responder un interrogante clave como ¿Por qué es necesario esta aplicabilidad conceptual? Definiendo el Green Marketing como instrumento para la decisión de compra del ecoconsumidor y los diferentes tipos de ellos que se consideran para establecer las estrategias y el desarrollo de este instrumento. La importancia de la aplicación de este concepto está definida por el comportamiento del ser humano, siempre en crecimiento, las decisiones de compra, la comercialización de bienes y servicios, que no son más que expresiones de actos socioeconómicos del hombre. Se busca con este artículo de reflexión proponer una conciencia hacia temáticas que involucran la responsabilidad del bienestar de los habitantes del planeta, ponderando las actuaciones del ser humano como ser pensante en lo que perjudica o beneficia sus actos

Simultaneous and delayed direct sinus lift versus conventional implants : retrospective study with 5-years minimum follow-up

To compare the radiological parameters and success of posterior maxillary direct sinus lift with simultaneous or delayed implant placement, or implant placement in native bone, after a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a university clinic, selecting patients subjected to implant treatment in the posterior maxilla between the years 2005 and 2011. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) implants placed in native bone; 2) direct sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement; and 3) direct sinus lift with delayed implant placement. Bone crest level, bone loss, vertical bone gain, and implant success and survival after a minimum follow-up period of 5 years after prosthetic loading were analyzed. A total of 163 patients and 329 implants were included in the study. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.0 ± 1.9 years. Bone loss and implant success and survival were very similar in all three groups, with no significant differences among them. Graft reabsorption was greatest during the first 12 months, though graft stabilization was confirmed after 5 years of follow-up. Bone loss and percentage success and survival proved very similar for the implants placed in native bone and for sinus lift with simultaneous or delayed implant placement. The height of the graft material decreased mainly in the first 12 months, and continued until stabilization after 5 years, with no significant variations thereafter

On the search of the ideal barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration

GBRs are essential procedures in implant dentistry and periodontology where barrier membranes play an important role by isolating soft tissue and allowing bone to grow. Not all membranes function the same way, as they differ from their origin and structure, it is important to understand how membranes behave and differ one from others in order to achieve a predictable treatment. A systematic search on Medline by two independent reviewers was performed for articles published until July 2017 reporting the characteristics or properties of barrier membranes. The question that preceded the search was designed according to PICO rules. A total of 124 articles were initially identified from electronic searching. After abstract/full-text review, 21 were included for a systematic review. According to the extracted data and article analysis, barrier membranes should fulfill the following criteria in order to success: biocompatibility, space maintaining, occlusive function, easy - handling and a bioactivation friendly property. With the development of new biomaterials and surfaces, a great advance in this area is expected. It has been clearly described that biocompatibility is the most important requirement to take into account when choosing a membrane, but other factors such as space maintaining capacity, cell oclusiveness, easy handling and bioactivation friendly materials are the ones that will fulfill our necessities

Caracterización y uso de las redes sociales en las empresas del sector hotelero en la ciudad de Barranquilla - Colombia

Social networks have generated various changes in promotion and communication strategies in the hotel sector. with the new scenario that caused the covid-19 pandemic. the hotel sector was forced to adapt to the new reality and incorporate new technological strategies for the promotion and communication of its services, offering the client a quick and efficient response to what they demand. the data show that, in general, the efficient use of social networks and travel tech platforms has been of great importance for the promotion and communication of small and medium-sized hotels in the city of Barranquilla, but without a defined strategy of action.Las redes sociales han generado diversos cambios en las estrategias de promoción y comunicación en el sector hotelero. con el nuevo escenario que provoco la pandemia por el covid-19. el sector hotelero se vio obligado adaptarse a la nueva realidad e incorporar nuevas estrategias tecnológicas para la promoción y comunicación de sus servicios ofreciendo al cliente una respuesta rápida y eficiente de lo que demanda. los datos demuestran que, en general, el uso eficiente de redes sociales y plataformas travel tech ha sido de gran importancia para la promoción y comunicación de los hoteles de pequeño y mediano porte en la ciudad de Barranquilla, pero sin una estrategia definida de actuación

Serological response and breakthrough infection after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and post-liver transplant

BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy and lack of access remain major issues in disseminating COVID-19 vaccination to liver patients globally. Factors predicting poor response to vaccination and risk of breakthrough infection are important data to target booster vaccine programs. The primary aim of the current study was to measure humoral responses to 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Secondary aims included the determination of factors predicting breakthrough infection. METHODS: COVID-19 vaccination and Biomarkers in cirrhosis And post-Liver Transplantation is a prospective, multicenter, observational case-control study. Participants were recruited at 4-10 weeks following first and second vaccine doses in cirrhosis [n = 325; 94% messenger RNA (mRNA) and 6% viral vaccine], autoimmune liver disease (AILD) (n = 120; 77% mRNA and 23% viral vaccine), post-liver transplant (LT) (n = 146; 96% mRNA and 3% viral vaccine), and healthy controls (n = 51; 72% mRNA, 24% viral and 4% heterologous combination). Serological end points were measured, and data regarding breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected. RESULTS: After adjusting by age, sex, and time of sample collection, anti-Spike IgG levels were the lowest in post-LT patients compared to cirrhosis (p < 0.0001), AILD (p < 0.0001), and control (p = 0.002). Factors predicting reduced responses included older age, Child-Turcotte-Pugh B/C, and elevated IL-6 in cirrhosis; non-mRNA vaccine in AILD; and coronary artery disease, use of mycophenolate and dysregulated B-call activating factor, and lymphotoxin-α levels in LT. Incident infection occurred in 6.6%, 10.6%, 7.4%, and 15.6% of cirrhosis, AILD, post-LT, and control, respectively. The only independent factor predicting infection in cirrhosis was low albumin level. CONCLUSIONS: LT patients present the lowest response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In cirrhosis, the reduced response is associated with older age, stage of liver disease and systemic inflammation, and breakthrough infection with low albumin level

Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common type of chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis. Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, has been shown to improve the histological features of NASH. Here we report results from a planned interim analysis of an ongoing, phase 3 study of obeticholic acid for NASH. Methods In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adult patients with definite NASH,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score of at least 4, and fibrosis stages F2–F3, or F1 with at least oneaccompanying comorbidity, were randomly assigned using an interactive web response system in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive oral placebo, obeticholic acid 10 mg, or obeticholic acid 25 mg daily. Patients were excluded if cirrhosis, other chronic liver disease, elevated alcohol consumption, or confounding conditions were present. The primary endpointsfor the month-18 interim analysis were fibrosis improvement (≥1 stage) with no worsening of NASH, or NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis, with the study considered successful if either primary endpoint was met. Primary analyses were done by intention to treat, in patients with fibrosis stage F2–F3 who received at least one dose of treatment and reached, or would have reached, the month 18 visit by the prespecified interim analysis cutoff date. The study also evaluated other histological and biochemical markers of NASH and fibrosis, and safety. This study is ongoing, and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02548351, and EudraCT, 20150-025601-6. Findings Between Dec 9, 2015, and Oct 26, 2018, 1968 patients with stage F1–F3 fibrosis were enrolled and received at least one dose of study treatment; 931 patients with stage F2–F3 fibrosis were included in the primary analysis (311 in the placebo group, 312 in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 308 in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group). The fibrosis improvement endpoint was achieved by 37 (12%) patients in the placebo group, 55 (18%) in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group (p=0·045), and 71 (23%) in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group (p=0·0002). The NASH resolution endpoint was not met (25 [8%] patients in the placebo group, 35 [11%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group [p=0·18], and 36 [12%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group [p=0·13]). In the safety population (1968 patients with fibrosis stages F1–F3), the most common adverse event was pruritus (123 [19%] in the placebo group, 183 [28%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 336 [51%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group); incidence was generally mild to moderate in severity. The overall safety profile was similar to that in previous studies, and incidence of serious adverse events was similar across treatment groups (75 [11%] patients in the placebo group, 72 [11%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 93 [14%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group). Interpretation Obeticholic acid 25 mg significantly improved fibrosis and key components of NASH disease activity among patients with NASH. The results from this planned interim analysis show clinically significant histological improvement that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. This study is ongoing to assess clinical outcomes