24 research outputs found

    Amniotic band syndrome: a new case report

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    Amniotic band syndrome is a pathology affecting the extremities of the fetus. It is uncommon with rates around 1 per 10,000 births. The pathophysiology is poorly understood until now with several theories reported in the literature. The diagnosis is most often made at birth. We reported a case of a 40 year old patient with no particular history who had consulted for spontaneous premature rupture of membranes in a 20 weeks pregnancy. The diagnostic of amniotic band syndrome was made after the delivery with amputation of a limb, amniotic syndactilia and deformation of the right foot in equinovarus

    ÉlĂ©ments finis solide-coques prismatique et hexaĂ©drique pour la modĂ©lisation non linĂ©aire des structures minces et moyennement Ă©paisses

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    Thin or medium-thick structures are naturally present in most power generation facilities: reactor building, pressurized pipelines, metal tanks or tarpaulins, reactor vessel, metal liners of containment chambers, to name but a few. A need currently expressed by EDF's engineering units is the modeling of the blistering phenomena of metal liners in reactor facilities. A liner is a metal sheet type structure that provides the impermeability function of nuclear power plants. Its modeling requires taking into account a contact-friction phenomenon causing pinching on the shell, plasticity under the effect of blistering and geometric nonlinearity (buckling type instability). To model the thermo-mechanical behavior of such a structure, the finite elements of plates and shells currently available do not seem to be up to the task. The first limitation attributable to these elements is the assumption of plane stresses which prevents the consideration of some natively three-dimensional constitutive laws. Secondly, due to their formulation with rotational degrees of freedom these elements do not offer facility of use when solving problems that take into account non-linear effects such as large geometric transformations, bi-facial friction-contact, buckling and following pressures. An alternative would be to use standard volume elements. However, the prohibitive computing cost of the latter is difficult to access for many industrial applications. The aim of this work is to propose a solution to this problem. We have proposed a solid-shell finite element formulation enriched in their pinching stress and strain and capable of reproducing accurately the behaviour of thin structures. This new finite element works with any type of three-dimensional behaviour law without restriction on stress fields. It can also be used for all types of mechanical problems: linear and nonlinear, frictional contact, large transformation, buckling, displacement-dependent pressure, etc. The numerical simulations carried out show satisfactory performances.Les structures Ă  faibles ou moyennes Ă©paisseurs sont naturellement prĂ©sentes dans la plupart des installations de production d'Ă©nergie : bĂątiment rĂ©acteur, tuyauteries sous pression, rĂ©servoirs mĂ©talliques ou bĂąches, cuve de rĂ©acteur, liners mĂ©talliques des enceintes de confinement pour ne citer que ceux‐lĂ . Un besoin actuellement exprimĂ© par les unitĂ©s d'ingĂ©nierie d’EDF est la modĂ©lisation des phĂ©nomĂšnes de cloquage de liners mĂ©talliques des bĂątiments rĂ©acteur. Un liner est une structures de type tĂŽle mĂ©tallique assurant la fonction d’étanchĂ©itĂ© des centrales nuclĂ©aires. Sa modĂ©lisation nĂ©cessite la prise en compte d’un phĂ©nomĂšne de contact-frottement engendrant du pincement sur la coque, de la plasticitĂ© sous l’effet de cloquage et de la non linĂ©aritĂ© gĂ©omĂ©trique (instabilitĂ© de type flambement). Pour modĂ©liser le comportement thermomĂ©canique d’une structure pareille, les Ă©lĂ©ments finis de plaques et coques actuellement disponible ne semblent pas ĂȘtre Ă  la hauteur. Le premier verrou attribuable Ă  ces Ă©lĂ©ments est l’hypothĂšse des contraintes planes qui empĂȘche la prise en compte de certaines lois de comportement nativement tridimensionnelles. En deuxiĂšme lieu, du fait de leur formulation avec des degrĂ©s de libertĂ© de rotations ces Ă©lĂ©ments n’offrent pas une facilitĂ© d’utilisation lorsqu’il s’agit de rĂ©soudre des problĂšmes prenant en compte les effets non-linĂ©aires telles que les grande transformations gĂ©omĂ©triques, le contact-frottement bi-facial, le flambement et les pressions suiveuses. Une alternative serait d’utiliser des Ă©lĂ©ments volumiques standards. Cependant le coĂ»t de calcul prohibitif des ces derniers est difficilement accessible pour de nombreuses applications industrielles. Le but de ces travaux est de proposer une solution Ă  cette problĂ©matique. Nous avons proposĂ© une formulation Ă©lĂ©ment fini de type solide-coque enrichie en pincement et capable de reproduire les comportements des structures minces avec une prĂ©cision satisfaisante. Ce nouvel Ă©lĂ©ments fini fonctionnent avec tout type de loi de comportement tridimensionnelle sans restriction sur les champs de contraintes. On peut Ă©galement l’utiliser pour tous les types de problĂšmes mĂ©caniques : linĂ©aire et non linĂ©aire, contact frottement, grande transformation, flambement, pression suiveuse etc. Les simulations numĂ©riques rĂ©alisĂ©es montrent des performances satisfaisantes

    Boundary Feedback Stabilization of Two-Dimensional Shallow Water Equations with Viscosity Term

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    This paper treats a water flow regularization problem by means of local boundary conditions for the two-dimensional viscous shallow water equations. Using an a-priori energy estimate of the perturbation state and the Faedo–Galerkin method, we build a stabilizing boundary feedback control law for the volumetric flow in a finite time that is prescribed by the solvability of the associated Cauchy problem. We iterate the same approach to build by cascade a stabilizing feedback control law for infinite time. Thanks to a positive arbitrary time-dependent stabilization function, the control law provides an exponential decay of the energy

    A nine nodes solid-shell finite element with enhanced pinching stress

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    International audienceIn this paper we present a low-order solid-shell element formulation—having only displacement degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e., without rotational DOFs. The element has an additional middle node, that allows efficient and accurate analyses of shell structures using elements at extremely high aspect ratio. The formulation is based on the Hu–Washizu variational principle leading to a novel enhancing strain and stress tensor that renders the computation particularly efficient, with improved inplane and out-of-plane bending behavior (Poisson thickness locking). The middle-node is endowed with only one degree of freedom, in the thickness direction, allowing the assumption of a quadratic interpolation of the transverse displacement. Unlike solid-shell finite elements reported previously in the literature and formulated under the hypothesis of plane stress or with enhanced assumed strain parameter, the new solid-shell element here mentioned uses a complete three-dimensional constitutive law and gives an enhanced pinching stress, thanks to the middle-node. Moreover, to handle the various locking problems that usually arise on solid-shell formulation, the reduced integration technique is used as well as the assumed shear strain method. Finally to assess the effectiveness and performance of this new formulation, a set of popular benchmark problems, involving geometric non-linear analysis as well as elastic-plastic behavior has been investigated

    Superior vena cava syndrome revealing a Behçet’s disease

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    Primary antibiotic resistance and associated mechanisms in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Senegalese patients.

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    International audienceUNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication must be adapted to local resistance patterns, but the epidemiology of H. pylori resistance to antibiotics is poorly documented in Africa. The aim was to determine the antibiotic resistance rates, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms, of strains isolated in Dakar, Senegal. METHODS: One hundred and eight H. pylori strains were isolated between 2007 and 2009 from 108 patients presenting with upper abdominal pain to the Gastroenterology Department of Le Dantec Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin and tetracyclin using the E-test method. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of clarithromycin-resistant strains and in gyrA and gyrB of levofloxacin-resistant strains were investigated. RESULTS: Isolates were characterized by no resistance to amoxicillin (0%), tetracycline (0%), and very low rate of resistance to clarithromycin (1%), but a high rate of resistance to metronidazole (85%). The clarithromycin-resistant strain displayed the A2143G mutation. A worrying rate of levofloxacin resistance was detected (15%). N87I and D91N were the most common mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of gyrA. CONCLUSIONS: The first-line empirical regimen for H. pylori eradication in Senegal should include clarithromycin. Increasing rates of fluoroquinolone resistance detected should discourage the use of levofloxacin-containing regimens without prior antimicrobial susceptibility testing

    La ligature de varices Ɠsophagiennes dans le centre d'endoscopie digestive du CHU Aristide-Le-Dantec de Dakar: Ă©tude prĂ©liminaire de 60 cas

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    Very few studies have been done in sub-Saharan Africa about endoscopic variceal ligation. Objective: We report the experience of digestive endoscopy center of hospital Aristide-Le-Dantec in this procedure. Patients and method: It was a preliminary prospective study from July 2005 to June 2007. All patients having bled from esophageal varices were included. Results: Sixty patients were included during the period of the study. It concerned 17 women and 43 men (sex-ratio at 2.5). The mean age was 34 (extremes: 12 and 69 years). Esophageal varices were at stage 3 in 83.3% and at stage 2 in 16.7% of cases. The eradication of varices was successful in 30 patients (50% of cases). The mean number of sessions required to achieve eradication was 4. The interval time between sessions was of 3.5 weeks. Eight patients were lost of view after a single session of ligation (13%); five others gave up the treatment because of retrosternal pain (N= 3) and intolerance of endoscopy (N= 2). Rebleeding occurred in five patients (8.33%) after 6 to 26 days following the first session of variceal ligation. Two patients died of rebleeding (3.33%). Another patient died of hepatitic encephalopathy after three sessions. Conclusion: This preliminary study about variceal ligation in a digestive endoscopy center in Dakar shows the feasibility and effectiveness of this treatment, as well as its good tolerance in the majority of cases. © 2010 Springer Verlag France.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Aspects cliniques, Ă©lectrocardiographiques et Ă©chocardiographiques de l’hypertendu ĂągĂ© au SĂ©nĂ©gal

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    Introduction: l’hypertension artĂ©rielle (HTA) du sujet ĂągĂ© est un facteur indĂ©pendant de maladie cardio-vasculaire. Nos objectifs Ă©taient de dĂ©crire les aspects cliniques, Ă©lectrocardiographique et Ă©chocardiographiques de l’HTA du sujet ĂągĂ©. MĂ©thodes: nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude descriptive et transversale de Janvier Ă  Septembre 2013. Etaient inclus les sujets hypertendus ĂągĂ©s d’au moins 60 ans suivis en ambulatoire au service de cardiologie de l’HĂŽpital Principal de Dakar. Les donnĂ©es statistiques Ă©taient analysĂ©es par le logiciel Epi Info 7 et une valeur de p < 0,05 Ă©tait retenue comme significative. RĂ©sultats: au total, 208 patients Ă©taient inclus. L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 69,9 ans avec une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine (sex-ratio de 0,85). La pression artĂ©rielle moyenne Ă©tait de 162/90mmHg. L’HTA Ă©tait contrĂŽlĂ©e dans 13% des cas. A l’électrocardiogramme, on notait un trouble du rythme (17,78%), une hypertrophie auriculaire gauche (45,19%), une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (28,85%) et 2 cas de bloc auriculo-ventriculaire complet. Le Holter ECG rĂ©vĂ©lait 4 cas de tachycardie ventriculaire non soutenue (IVb de Lown), 6 cas de fibrillation atriale paroxystique et 1 cas de flutter atrial paroxystique. L’échocardiographie rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 140 patients retrouvait une HVG Ă  prĂ©dominance concentrique chez 25 patients, plus frĂ©quente chez les hommes (p=0,04) et une dilatation de l’oreillette gauche dans 56,42% des cas, plus frĂ©quente chez les patients plus ĂągĂ©s (p= 0,01). Conclusion: les aspects Ă©lectrocardiographiques et Ă©chocardiographiques dans la population hypertendue ĂągĂ©e sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par l’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche notamment concentrique, la frĂ©quence des arythmies rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es quelques fois par l’enregistrement Ă©lectrocardiographique de longue durĂ©e.The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

    HĂ©patite virale B: aspects cliniques, paracliniques et Ă©volutifs dans le service d’HĂ©pato GastroentĂ©rologie de l’HĂŽpital Aristide Le Dantec: Ă  propos de 728 cas

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    L’hĂ©patite virale B constitue un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique en Afrique subsaharienne avec environ 65 millions de porteurs chroniques et 56.000 dĂ©cĂšs par an. Notre Ă©tude avait pour but d’étudier les aspects Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, paracliniques, thĂ©rapeutiques, Ă©volutifs des patients atteints d’hĂ©patite virale B suivis dans notre service et de dĂ©crire leurs profils sĂ©rologiques. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective, longitudinale de 2010 Ă  2014 dans le service d’hĂ©pato gastroentĂ©rologie de l’hĂŽpital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avons inclus tous les patients suivis en ambulatoire ou hospitalisĂ©s qui avaient une positivitĂ© de l’AgHBs. Nous avons colligĂ© 728 cas de patients infectĂ©s par le virus de l’hĂ©patite B. Ils Ă©taient constituĂ©s de 7 cas d’hĂ©patite aiguĂ«, de 442 cas d’infections chroniques, de 161 cirrhotiques et de 118 cas de carcinome hĂ©patocellulaire. L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 33 ans [14 - 83 ans] avec un sex-ratio de 2,2. Les circonstances de dĂ©couverte Ă©taient reprĂ©sentĂ©es par le dĂ©pistage systĂ©matique (26,2%), les douleurs de l’hypochondre droit (23%) et le don de sang (18,6%). Il y avait 59 patients monoinfectĂ©s par le virus de l’hĂ©patite B qui Ă©taient au stade d’hĂ©patite chronique active. Les porteurs inactifs Ă©taient au nombre de 118. Par insuffisance d’exploration liĂ©e Ă  des contraintes Ă©conomiques, le statut sĂ©rologique Ă©tait indĂ©terminĂ© chez 252 patients. Un traitement antiviral B n’a pu ĂȘtre instituĂ© que chez 58 patients. Sous TĂ©nofovir, la rĂ©ponse virologique et biochimique Ă©tait respectivement de 85% et 100% aprĂšs 120 semaines de traitement. Le virus de l’hĂ©patite B est une cause majeure d’hĂ©patopathie au SĂ©nĂ©gal
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