Globalization and Trade Liberalization: The Impact on Bangladesh\u27s Textile Industry

Globalization has resulted in permeable borders and economic integration between states. Global integration has led to unevenness in development where the Global North has exploited the Global South for resources, labour and capital gain. Within this paper, the dynamics between the Global North and the Global South as a result of globalization will be analyzed and discussed using the state of Bangladesh as a case study. As a result of globalization, uneven economic growth has negatively affected the textile industry in Bangladesh while fuelling the growth of the global economy. An argument will be made against the current state of globalization and the imbalances it has created between states. The textile industry in Bangladesh comprises a majority of the country’s gross domestic product and national exports. Trade liberalization has changed the landscape in Bangladesh and allowed for greater economic growth as well. This economic growth has come at a cost, as income instability is a prominent issue amongst Bangladeshi textile workers. A review of prominent literature will provide varying arguments on the state of Bangladesh, the textile industry and the effects of the globalized economy. Methodologically, this study will depict the reasoning behind the focus on Bangladesh as a case study. Although globalization has produced imbalanced outcomes, there is an opportunity for political, economic and international change

Beyond the Stacks Vol 3, Issue 1, Fall 2022

In this Issue: Message from the Dean, pg. 1 Academic Commons: Supporting Student Success, pgs. 1, 3 Archives Corner: Bennett Center for Judaic Studies Digital Lecture Archive, pg. 2 Year in Review: pg. 3 Alumni Check-In: Justine Ferrara, ’18, pgs. 4-5 Circulation Supervisor, Sharon Sparkman, Retires, pg. 6 Kudos to the Winners of the 2022 Library Research Prize, pg. 7 Enhancing Study Spaces, pg. 8https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/library-newsletter/1003/thumbnail.jp

Palladium complexes of symmetrical alkyl ketoximes and etherates

Many coordination compounds of transition metal elements with ligands, having oxygen and/or nitrogen as donors, have been prepared

Beyond the Stacks Vol 4, Issue 1, Summer/Fall 2023

In this Issue: Message from the Dean, pg. 2 Strengthening our Brand While Supporting Student Learning, pg. 3 Summer at the DNL, pg. 4 Celebrating the 2023 Library Research Prize Winners, pg. 5 Staff Profiles, pg. 6-7 The Year in Review, pg. 8https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/library-newsletter/1005/thumbnail.jp

Beyond the Stacks Vol 1, Issue 1, Winter/Spring 2021

In this Issue: Message from the Dean pg. 1 From the Archives: 50 Years of Women at Fairfield University pg. 1, 4-5 Documenting the Fairfield University Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic, pg. 2 Digital Scholarship Services, pg. 3 Continuity & Creativity During COVID-19, pg. 3 Our 5th Human Library (and 1st virtual), pg. 6 New Members of the Student Library Advisory Board, pg. 6 Journal Spotlight: SANA (Self Achievement through Nursing Art), pg. 6 An Antiracist Resource Guide, pg. 7 The Winter Reading Challenge, pg. 8https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/library-newsletter/1000/thumbnail.jp

Beyond the Stacks Vol 3, Issue 2, Winter/Spring 2023

In this Issue: Teaching Inclusive Research, pgs. 1-2 Message from the Dean, pg. 2 Inclusive Language in Call Numbers, pg. 3 The 2023/23 Student Library Advisory Board, pg. 3 Exhibit Collaborations, pg. 4-5 Campus & Community Engagement by the Numbers, pg. 6 Douglass Day: Spreading Love for Digital Black History, pg. 7 Get to Know our Newest Staff Members, pg. 7 We’re Moving!: Archival Collections Moving to DigitalCommons@Fairfield, pg. 8https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/library-newsletter/1004/thumbnail.jp

Inspiratory muscle training enhances pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise tolerance in humans

Fatigue of the respiratory muscles during intense exercise might compromise leg blood flow, thereby constraining oxygen uptake (VO2) and limiting exercise tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) would reduce inspiratory muscle fatigue, speed VO2 kinetics and enhance exercise tolerance. Sixteen recreationally active subjects (mean ± SD, age 22 ± 4 yr) were randomly assigned to receive 4 wk of either pressure threshold IMT [30 breaths twice daily at ~50% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)] or sham treatment (60 breaths once daily at ~15% of MIP). The subjects completed moderate-, severe- and maximal-intensity "step" exercise transitions on a cycle ergometer before (Pre) and after (Post) the 4-wk intervention period for determination of VO2 kinetics and exercise tolerance. There were no significant changes in the physiological variables of interest after Sham. After IMT, baseline MIP was significantly increased (Pre vs. Post: 155 ± 22 vs. 181 ± 21 cmH2O; P < 0.001), and the degree of inspiratory muscle fatigue was reduced after severe- and maximal-intensity exercise. During severe exercise, the VO2 slow component was reduced (Pre vs. Post: 0.60 ± 0.20 vs. 0.53 ± 0.24 l/min; P < 0.05) and exercise tolerance was enhanced (Pre vs. Post: 765 ± 249 vs. 1,061 ± 304 s; P < 0.01). Similarly, during maximal exercise, the VO2 slow component was reduced (Pre vs. Post: 0.28 ± 0.14 vs. 0.18 ± 0.07 l/min; P < 0.05) and exercise tolerance was enhanced (Pre vs. Post: 177 ± 24 vs. 208 ± 37 s; P < 0.01). Four weeks of IMT, which reduced inspiratory muscle fatigue, resulted in a reduced VO2 slow-component amplitude and an improved exercise tolerance during severe- and maximal-intensity exercise. The results indicate that the enhanced exercise tolerance observed after IMT might be related, at least in part, to improved VO2 dynamics, presumably as a consequence of increased blood flow to the exercising limbs

“Linear” Versus “Nonlinear” O2 Responses to Exercise: Reshaping Traditional Beliefs

A number of basic tenets in traditional exercise physiology have been formulated on the assumption that pulmonary oxygen uptake (O2) adapts to changes in metabolic rate with linear, first-order response kinetics. However, questions regarding this premise have been raised for over half a century and clear contradictions have been reported. Specifically, Boltzmann's principle of superposition that defines linearity is violated for exercise transitions of different magnitudes, and the symmetry between on- and off-responses that first-order kinetics implies is not always present. Furthermore, a single exponential model does not adequately describe the O2 response to high-intensity exercise because a supplementary response compartment of delayed onset is manifest. Collectively, these findings reflect a range of nonlinear behaviors that indicate greater complexity of the O2 response, and it is imperative that these deviations be universally recognized, both to reshape our interpretation of the acute metabolic adaptation to exercise and also to provide clues regarding cellular mechanisms of respiratory control

The influence of muscle fibre recruitment on VO2 kinetics

When O2 uptake at the lung is used to characterise the oxidative metabolic response to increased contractile activity ( O2 kinetics) in exercising muscle, the O2 profile reflects the combined influence of all involved muscle fibres. Consequently, during high-intensity exercise that mandates activation of fibres with considerable metabolic diversity (e.g., both principal fibre types), response characteristics specific to discrete segments of the recruited pool cannot be determined. The purpose of this thesis was to identify fibre-type-specific effects of conditions that might impact O2 delivery and/or motor unit recruitment patterns on O2 kinetics by using two models that increase fibre recruitment homogeneity during exercise transitions. In four experiments, subjects initiated high-intensity exercise from a moderate baseline (i.e., performed ‘work-to-work’ transitions; M→H) to target higher-order fibres, and in two experiments, subjects cycled at extremely slow and fast pedal rates to skew recruitment toward slow- and fast-twitch fibres, respectively. At mid-range contraction frequency, O2 kinetics (as indicated by the primary time constant, τp) was slower for M→H compared to unloaded-to-high-intensity transitions (U→H) (e.g., 42 v. 33 s; Ch 4) and this slowing was ~50% greater for M→H in a supine body position (decreased oxygenation; Ch 6). Slower kinetics was also present for U→H cycling at fast compared to slow pedal rates (τp, 48 v. 31 s; Ch 8). Conversely, M→H slowing relative to U→H was absent at extreme cadences (36 v. 31 s and 53 v. 48 s for slow and fast, respectively; Ch 7). After ‘priming’ (increased oxygenation), τp was reduced for U→H after fast-cadence priming only (Ch 8) and for M→H in the supine position (Ch 6), but unaffected for upright cycle and prone knee-extension M→H, for which priming reduced the O2 slow component and delayed-onset fibre activation (as indicated by iEMG; Chs 4 and 5). These results provide evidence in exercising humans that high-order fibres possess innately slow O2 kinetics and are acutely susceptible to interventions that might alter O2 delivery to muscle

RELAP5 code development and assessment at the Savannah River Site

Over the past year, the focus of RELAP5 use at the Savannah River Site has been on code applications to reactor accidents having a direct bearing on setting power limits, with a lesser emphasis on code development. In the applications task, RELAP5/MOD2.5 has been used to predict the thermal-hydraulic system response to large break loss of coolant accidents and to provide boundary conditions for a detailed fuel assembly code. This paper describes the significant phenomena affecting the ability of RELAP5 to perform the system calculations, the benchmarking work completed to validate the application of RELAP5 to Savannah River Site reactors, and the results of the system calculations. This paper will also describe the code and model development effort and will describe briefly certain significant gains