Downslope Windstorms in the Front Range: A 21-Year Climatological Analysis

A 21-year climatology of downslope windstorms in Boulder, Colorado is derived from data measured by a meteorological tower at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Flatirons Campus (formerly the National Wind Technology Center). Downslope windstorms occur regularly in the Front Range, often exacerbating wildfires and causing structural damage. Wind speed, wind direction, and windstorm duration criteria are imposed on meteorological data for classifying downslope windstorm events at a 1-minute and hourly temporal resolution. Windstorm trends are investigated daily, monthly and yearly. Over this period, 1172 downslope windstorms were classified, averaging 56 windstorms per year with a standard deviation of 8.7 windstorms per year. Downslope windstorms were found to exhibit significant seasonal patterns with January being the peak month for downslope windstorm occurrences, as well as windstorm intensity and duration. Annual windstorm frequencies were fit with generalized least squares and generalized linear models to investigate temporal trends between 2002-2022. Annual hours of strong westerly winds as well as sustained 1-minute wind speeds at the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile all exhibited significant decreases during this period. When applied to MERRA2 reanalysis data, a similar annual trend is observed in the number of windstorm hours, while a contrasting trend is observed in annual windstorm frequency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to classify downslope windstorm events using 1-minute temporal resolution meteorological data east of the Rocky Mountains.</p

Ovarian Hemorrhagic Cyst in a 42-Year-Old Female Receiving IVF

We report a case of a 42-year-old female who presented with lower abdominal/pelvic pain and diagnosed with an active hemorrhagic ovarian cyst after undergoing egg retrieval as part of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The differential for abdominal pain in women is vast, but for this patient receiving IVF we had to consider ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and ectopic pregnancy just to name a few examples. It is predictable that most women will suffer from a ruptured ovarian cyst at some point in their lifetime so long as they continue to menstruate

Interstitial mycosis fungoides, a variant of mycosis fungoides resembling granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea *

Interstitial mycosis fungoides (IMF) is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides that resembles the interstitial form of granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea. IMF has received little attention in the literature. Methods:   Clinical, histological, immunophenotypical, and genotypical findings of five cases of IMF were reviewed. The histological and immunophenotypical findings were compared with those of eight cases of interstitial granuloma annulare and six cases of inflammatory morphea. Results:   Five patients with IMF presented with non-indurated, erythematous macules; ill-defined erythematous plaques with slight scale; and nodules on the trunk and proximal limbs. Two of five patients had a prior diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. Skin biopsies revealed a striking dermal interstitial infiltrate of lymphocytes with rare histiocytes that resembled the interstitial form of granuloma annulare or inflammatory morphea. Epidermotropic lymphocytes were present at least focally in all cases. A band-like lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in two of five cases. In contrast, many plasma cells and histiocytes were observed in cases of inflammatory morphea and interstitial granuloma annulare, respectively. With Movat-pentachrome stains, increased dermal mucin deposition was observed in two of five IMF cases, in all cases of interstitial granuloma annulare, and in one of six cases of inflammatory morphea. There was focal loss of elastic fibers in all cases of inflammatory morphea. Immunohistochemical studies of IMF highlighted a dominant population of T cells (CD3+) in the dermis and epidermis. In contrast, moderate numbers of B cells (CD20+) were admixed with T cells and plasma cells in inflammatory morphea. Almost equal numbers of histiocytes (CD68+) and T cells comprised the infiltrate of interstitial granuloma annulare. In two of five IMF cases, a clonal T-cell population was detected by PCR T-cell gamma gene rearrangement analysis. Conclusion:   Mycosis fungoides occasionally presents as an interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate that mimics granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) findings alone can sometimes distinguish the three disorders. Immunophenotyping and genotyping may be helpful in difficult cases. Su LD, Kim YH, LeBoit PE, Swetter SM, Kohler S. Interstitial mycosis fungoides, a variant of mycosis fungoides resembling granuloma annulare and inflammatory morphea. J Cutan Pathol 2002; 29: 135–141. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2002.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72026/1/j.1600-0560.2002.290302.x.pd

Radiation-induced G1 arrest is not defective in fibroblasts from Li-Fraumeni families without TP53 mutations

Radiation-induced G1 arrest was studied in four classes of early passage skin fibroblasts comprising 12 normals, 12 heterozygous (mut/wt) TP53 mutation-carriers, two homozygous (mut/–) TP53 mutation-carriers and 16 strains from nine Li-Fraumeni syndrome or Li-Fraumeni-like families in which no TP53 mutation has been found, despite sequencing of all exons, exon–intron boundaries, 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions and promoter regions. In an assay of p53 allelic expression in yeast, cDNAs from these non-mutation strains behaved as wild-type p53. Using two different assays, we found G1 arrest was reduced in heterozygous strains with mis-sense mutations and one truncation mutation, when compared to the range established for the normal cells. Heterozygous strains with mutations at splice sites behaved like normal cells, whilst homozygous (mut/–) strains showed either extremely reduced, or no, arrest. Strains from all nine non-mutation families gave responses within the normal range. Exceptions to the previously reported inverse correlation between G1 arrest and clonogenic radiation resistance were observed, indicating that these phenotypes are not strictly interdependent. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Aiding Private Sector Restoration Efforts for Crown Fire Prevention in Southwest Forests

It has been proven that wild fires in the Southwestern United States have become out of control. The Federal and State governments have dedicated ample resources toward the study and prevention of these out of control wild-land fires, but the process has proven quite slow and laden with legislative red tape. Private property owners have been expected to try and protect their own property while also appealing to the local county ordinances, insurance companies and homeowners associations. Without being provided the necessary information on how to conduct proper forest restoration procedures on their own. This paper is designed to address this issue by combining ecological and fire prevention restoration procedures into a simple and universal homeowners guide