Chance-constrained Calculation of the Reserve Service Provided by EV Charging Station Clusters in Energy Communities

The concept of energy community is currently under investigation as it is considered central into the energy transition process. One of the main aspects of the successful implementation of community lays in the energy management system that coordinates exchanges among prosumers. This paper deals with the optimal energy management of a local energy community of dc microgrids with electric vehicle charging stations, considering local reserve provided by storage units and vehicle batteries. A two-stage optimal procedure is proposed to assess the optimal scheduling of resources for each community participant. Additionally, the optimal up and down reserve levels able to cover random fluctuations in photovoltaic generation within each EV-based microgrid are determined by a set of specific chance constraints

Cittadinanza digitale e sostenibilità. Un’esperienza di apprendimento online realizzata in una scuola primaria

Nel presente contributo si riportano la progettazione e la descrizione di un’esperienza di apprendimento online, che ha coinvolto una classe prima di una scuola primaria nella provincia di Bari e in cui si intrecciano l’Educazione allo Sviluppo Sostenibile e l’Educazione alla Cittadinanza Digitale. La scuola si pone, infatti, come il luogo in cui educare a una digital citizenship e rendere i cittadini del domani in grado di mettere in atto delle soluzioni verdi – ambientaliste – e blu – digitali – (Floridi, 2020), poiché la tecnologia non è solo causa di problematiche di sostenibilità, ma può essa stessa divenire una soluzione a tali problematiche (Valera, 2012)

Cittadinanza digitale e sostenibilità. Un’esperienza di apprendimento online realizzata in una scuola primaria

In this paper, we report the design and description of an online learning experience. It involves the first class of a primary school in the province of Bari. The focus of this path is the connection between Education for Sustainable Development and Education for Digital Citizenship. The school should educate to a digital citizenship and make the citizens of tomorrow able to implement green solutions – environmentalists – and blue – digital – (Floridi, 2020). In fact, technology is not only the cause of sustainability issues, but at the same time it is a solution to these issues (Valera, 2012).Nel presente contributo si riportano la progettazione e la descrizione di un’esperienza di apprendimento online, che ha coinvolto una classe prima di una scuola primaria nella provincia di Bari e in cui si intrecciano l’Educazione allo Sviluppo Sostenibile e l’Educazione alla Cittadinanza Digitale. La scuola si pone, infatti, come il luogo in cui educare a una digital citizenship e rendere i cittadini del domani in grado di mettere in atto delle soluzioni verdi – ambientaliste – e blu – digitali – (Floridi, 2020), poiché la tecnologia non è solo causa di problematiche di sostenibilità, ma può essa stessa divenire una soluzione a tali problematiche (Valera, 2012)

A Modified Version of the IEEE 39-bus Test System for the Day-Ahead Market

Reaching net-zero emissions within the proposed time requires an enormous effort from the energy sector, and it is even more challenging for the electricity infrastructure. This article offers a modified version of the IEEE 39-bus system specifically created to allow zonal day-ahead market (ZDAM) simulations. The system representation is based on the original version of the IEEE 39-bus system but considers the integration of renewable energy resources (RES) in the generation mix: solar and wind. Hourly time series are used to define load profiles and wind and solar power generation. The zonal dayahead energy market information has been created by solving the optimisation problem. Numerical results of the proposed power test system are provided for the yearly ZDAM and steady-state performance, in N and N-l conditions, respectively, through Pyomo and DIgSILENT PowerFactory features

Zonal Day-Ahead Energy Market: A Modified Version of the IEEE 39-bus Test System

The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) in transmission system operating conditions require a suitable test system and a dataset to cope with current issues. RES penetration remarkably affects day-ahead market outcomes regarding zonal prices and dispatched generation levels. For this purpose, zonal day-ahead energy market models in the presence of RES in the generation mix need to be implemented. In this paper, the IEEE 39-bus system has been suitably modified to include solar and wind generation in the traditional generation mix. Hourly time series are used to define load profiles and wind and solar power generation. The zonal day-ahead market (ZDAM) resolution is simulated by solving a Linear Programming optimization problem employing Pyomo. Furthermore, steady-state nodal analysis is carried out using DIgSILENT PowerFactory, performed over a year horizon

Energy storage sizing for wind power: impact of the autocorrelation of day-ahead forecast errors

International audienceAvailability of day-ahead production forecast is an important step towards better dispatchability of wind power production. However, the stochastic nature of forecast errors prevents a wind farm operator from holding a firm production commitment. In order to mitigate the deviation from the commitment, an energy storage system connected to the wind farm is considered. One statistical characteristic of day-ahead forecast errors has a major impact on storage performance: errors are significantly correlated along several hours. We thus use a data-fitted autoregressive model that captures this correlation to quantify the impact of correlation on storage sizing. With a Monte Carlo approach, we study the behavior and the performance of an energy storage system (ESS) using the autoregressive model as an input. The ability of the storage system to meet a production commitment is statistically assessed for a range of capacities, using a mean absolute deviation criterion. By parametrically varying the correlation level, we show that disregarding correlation can lead to an underes- timation of a storage capacity by an order of magnitude. Finally, we compare the results obtained from the model and from field data to validate the model

Security Constrained Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch by AC Sensitivity Factors

The dispatch schedule of the electrical power plant units is the result of the solution to the unit commitment optimisation problem, and it minimises the cost of production considering pre-defined technical limits. The security-constrained unit commitment problem has been defined as including the network constraints in the previously mentioned optimisation problem to obtain a feasible power system solution. The traditional security-constrained unit commitment methods are based on the DC-power flow model, where the network losses and voltage magnitudes are neglected in the problem formulation. This paper proposed a bi-stage security-constrained unit commitment with an economic dispatch (SCUCED) optimisation problem. A merit-order-based zonal day-ahead market problem is solved in the first stage to define a preliminary generation commitment. In the second stage, the SCUCED is solved based on the AC-power flow model and sensitivity factors to embed the full network representation in the optimisation problem. In this paper, the proposed method is illustrated by an application to a modified version of the IEEE 39-bus test system

Security Constrained Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch applied to the Modified IEEE 39-bus system Case

The operation schedule of the power generation units in electrical power systems is determined by the optimisation problem known as unit commitment (UC), aiming at minimising the total cost considering the generation constraints. To obtain a feasible solution from the network perspective, the security-constrained UC (SCUC) problem has been defined to embed the network constraints in the optimisation problem as well. Also, the higher penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) has increased the difficulty of UC problem, mainly due to the uncertainty and the high variability of RES. This paper proposed a SCUC with economic dispatch (SCUCED) optimisation developed in two stages. The first one is the solution of a merit-order based zonal day-ahead market (ZDAM) optimisation to define a preliminary generation schedule. In the second stage, the SCUCED is solved based on AC load flow routines and sensitivity factors to embed the full network representation. The approach is applied to a modified version of the IEEE 39-bus test system

Physical Confinement Promoting Formation of Cu2O−Au Heterostructures with Au Nanoparticles Entrapped within Crystalline Cu2O Nanorods

Building on the application of cuprite (Cu2O) in solar energy technologies and reports of increased optical absorption caused by metal-to-semiconductor energy transfer, a confinement-based strategy was developed to fabricate high aspect ratio, crystalline Cu2O nanorods containing entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au nps). Cu2O was crystallized within the confines of track-etch membrane pores, where this physical, assembly based method eliminates the necessity of specific chemical interactions to achieve a well-defined metal−semiconductor interface. With high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and tomography, we demonstrate the encasement of the majority of Au nps by crystalline Cu2O and show crystalline Cu2O−Au interfaces that are free of extended amorphous regions. Such nanocrystal heterostructures are good candidates for studying the transport physics of metal/semiconductor hybrids for optoelectronic applications