48,267 research outputs found
Full Counting Statistics of Spin Currents
We discuss how to detect fluctuating spin currents and derive full counting
statistics of electron spin transfers. It is interesting to consider several
detectors in series that simultaneously monitor different components of the
spins transferred. We have found that in general the statistics of the
measurement outcomes cannot be explained with the projection postulate and
essentially depends on the quantum dynamics of the detectors.Comment: twocolumns, 4 pages, 2 figure
Higgs particle detection using jets
We study the possibility of detecting the Higgs boson in the intermediate
mass range via its two jet channel. We consider only Higgs bosons produced in
association with a pair. Both and are required to
decay semileptonically to reduce the QCD background. The signal is compared
with the main background, jets, after appropriate cuts. A
sizable signal above background is seen in our simulation at the parton level.
Use of the channel with decaying to is suggested for
eliminating theoretical uncertainties in determining the signal.Comment: 10 pages, Fig.1 a,b,c,d(surve on request), plain tex, PVAM-HEP-93-
Coexisting patterns of population oscillations: the degenerate Neimark Sacker bifurcation as a generic mechanism
We investigate a population dynamics model that exhibits a Neimark Sacker
bifurcation with a period that is naturally close to 4. Beyond the bifurcation,
the period becomes soon locked at 4 due to a strong resonance, and a second
attractor of period 2 emerges, which coexists with the first attractor over a
considerable parameter range. A linear stability analysis and a numerical
investigation of the second attractor reveal that the bifurcations producing
the second attractor occur naturally in this type of system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Finite-size Scaling of Correlation Ratio and Generalized Scheme for the Probability-Changing Cluster Algorithm
We study the finite-size scaling (FSS) property of the correlation ratio, the
ratio of the correlation functions with different distances. It is shown that
the correlation ratio is a good estimator to determine the critical point of
the second-order transition using the FSS analysis. The correlation ratio is
especially useful for the analysis of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition.
We also present a generalized scheme of the probability-changing cluster
algorithm, which has been recently developed by the present authors, based on
the FSS property of the correlation ratio. We investigate the two-dimensional
quantum XY model of spin 1/2 with this generalized scheme, obtaining the
precise estimate of the KT transition temperature with less numerical effort.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX4, to appear in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Communication
Shot Noise in Nanoscale Conductors From First Principles
We describe a field-theoretic approach to calculate quantum shot noise in
nanoscale conductors from first principles. Our starting point is the
second-quantization field operator to calculate shot noise in terms of single
quasi-particle wavefunctions obtained self-consistently within density
functional theory. The approach is valid in both linear and nonlinear response
and is particularly suitable in studying shot noise in atomic-scale conductors.
As an example we study shot noise in Si atomic wires between metal electrodes.
We find that shot noise is strongly nonlinear as a function of bias and it is
enhanced for one- and two-Si wires due to the large contribution from the metal
electrodes. For longer wires it shows an oscillatory behavior for even and odd
number of atoms with opposite trend with respect to the conductance, indicating
that current fluctuations persist with increasing wire length.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Bar 1-Visibility Drawings of 1-Planar Graphs
A bar 1-visibility drawing of a graph is a drawing of where each
vertex is drawn as a horizontal line segment called a bar, each edge is drawn
as a vertical line segment where the vertical line segment representing an edge
must connect the horizontal line segments representing the end vertices and a
vertical line segment corresponding to an edge intersects at most one bar which
is not an end point of the edge. A graph is bar 1-visible if has a bar
1-visibility drawing. A graph is 1-planar if has a drawing in a
2-dimensional plane such that an edge crosses at most one other edge. In this
paper we give linear-time algorithms to find bar 1-visibility drawings of
diagonal grid graphs and maximal outer 1-planar graphs. We also show that
recursive quadrangle 1-planar graphs and pseudo double wheel 1-planar graphs
are bar 1-visible graphs.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation, generalized Razumov-Stroganov sum rules and extended Joseph polynomials
We prove higher rank analogues of the Razumov--Stroganov sum rule for the
groundstate of the O(1) loop model on a semi-infinite cylinder: we show that a
weighted sum of components of the groundstate of the A_{k-1} IRF model yields
integers that generalize the numbers of alternating sign matrices. This is done
by constructing minimal polynomial solutions of the level 1 U_q(\hat{sl(k)})
quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equations, which may also be interpreted as
quantum incompressible q-deformations of fractional quantum Hall effect wave
functions at filling fraction nu=1/k. In addition to the generalized
Razumov--Stroganov point q=-e^{i pi/k+1}, another combinatorially interesting
point is reached in the rational limit q -> -1, where we identify the solution
with extended Joseph polynomials associated to the geometry of upper triangular
matrices with vanishing k-th power.Comment: v3: misprint fixed in eq (2.1
Inelastic current-voltage characteristics of atomic and molecular junctions
We report first-principles calculations of the inelastic current-voltage
(I-V) characteristics of a gold point contact and a molecular junction in the
nonresonant regime. Discontinuities in the I-V curves appear in correspondence
to the normal modes of the structures. Due to the quasi-one-dimensional nature
of these systems, specific modes with large longitudinal component dominate the
inelastic I-V curves. In the case of the gold point contact, our results are in
good agreement with recent experimental data. For the molecular junction, we
find that the inelastic I-V curves are quite sensitive to the structure of the
contact between the molecule and the electrodes thus providing a powerful tool
to extract the bonding geometry in molecular wires.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Effects of anthropogenic heat due to air-conditioning systems on an extreme high temperature event in Hong Kong
Anthropogenic heat flux is the heat generated by human activities in the urban canopy layer, which is considered the main contributor to the urban heat island (UHI). The UHI can in turn increase the use and energy consumption of air-conditioning systems. In this study, two effective methods for water-cooling air-conditioning systems in non-domestic areas, including the direct cooling system and central piped cooling towers (CPCTs), are physically based, parameterized, and implemented in a weather research and forecasting model at the city scale of Hong Kong. An extreme high temperature event (June 23-28, 2016) in the urban areas was examined, and we assessed the effects on the surface thermal environment, the interaction of sea-land breeze circulation and urban heat island circulation, boundary layer dynamics, and a possible reduction of energy consumption. The results showed that both water-cooled air-conditioning systems could reduce the 2 m air temperature by around 0.5 degrees C-0.8 degrees C during the daytime, and around 1.5 degrees C around 7:00-8:00 pm when the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was confined to a few hundred meters. The CPCT contributed around 80%-90% latent heat flux and significantly increased the water vapor mixing ratio in the atmosphere by around 0.29 g kg(-1) on average. The implementation of the two alternative air-conditioning systems could modify the heat and momentum of turbulence, which inhibited the evolution of the PBL height (a reduction of 100-150m), reduced the vertical mixing, presented lower horizontal wind speed and buoyant production of turbulent kinetic energy, and reduced the strength of sea breeze and UHI circulation, which in turn affected the removal of air pollutants. Moreover, the two alternative air-conditioning systems could significantly reduce the energy consumption by around 30% during extreme high temperature events. The results of this study suggest potential UHI mitigation strategies and can be extended to other megacities to enable them to be more resilient to UHI effects.
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High-performance organic transistor memory elements with steep flanks of hysteresis
High-performance organic transistor memory elements with donor-polymer blends as buffer layers are presented. These organic memory transistors have steep flanks of hysteresis with an ON/OFF memory ratio of up to 2 × 104, and a retention time in excess of 24 h. Inexpensive materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate), ferrocene and copper phthalocyanine are used for the device fabrication, providing a convenient approach of producing organic memory transistors at low cost and high efficienc
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