Megafauna en el Arroyo del Vizcaíno

Obra en 3 volúmenes.Este libro fue realizado por el equipo del Laboratorio de Paleobiología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de la República con motivo de la conmemoración de los 10 años de las primeras excavaciones realizadas por el equipo en el sitio Arroyo del Vizcaíno y en la colección del Servicio Académico Universitario y Centro de Estudio Paleontológicos (SAUCE-P).El sitio paleontológico del Arroyo del Vizcaíno, cerca de la localidad de Sauce, Uruguay, cuenta una historia de mamíferos gigantes ya desaparecidos, con el particular agregado de posible evidencia de una muy antigua presencia humana. Una ventana escondida en el fondo de un arroyo por 30.000 años, que a través de miles de fósiles nos permite asomarnos y descubrir un fragmento del pasado profundo. Los tres volúmenes de esta publicación tratan de distintas áreas (la historia, la excavación, la investigación, la divulgación, la conservación y la fauna) del trabajo realizado en el sitio por el equipo del Laboratorio de Paleobiología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de la RepúblicaV1: Descubrir, excavar, interpretar.-- V2: Conservar, investigar, compartir. -- V3: Corazas, garras y diente

Conocimiento presente para la sociedad: la mirada de la paleontología en un caso de vínculo con la comunidad

En este artículo damos a conocer diversas actividades de vínculo con la comunidad a partir del conocimiento científico relacionado con el yacimiento del Arroyo del Vizcaíno en Uruguay. Este sitio, ubicado en las afueras de la ciudad de Sauce, presenta miles de huesos fósiles de mamíferos gigantes extintos y evidencias de posible presencia humana. Desde su descubrimiento, la comunidad local estuvo involucrada en la colecta y conservación del material, una feliz circunstancia a la que se sumó nuestro equipo aportando el saber disciplinario y la misma vocación de tender puentes entre la academia y la sociedad a través del cuidado de ese patrimonio, de diversas actividades presenciales, recursos virtuales y otros emprendimientos.In this article, we present various activities shared with the community based on scientific knowledge related to the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site in Uruguay. This site, located on the outskirts of the city of Sauce, presents thousands of fossil bones of extinct giant mammals and evidence of possible human presence. Since its discovery, the local community has been involved in the collection and conservation of the material, a happy circumstance to which our team joined, contributing disciplinary knowledge and the same vocation of building bridges between the academy and society through the care of that heritage, of diverse presencial activities, virtual resources and other endeavours

Assessment on different vaccine formulation parameters in the protection against heterologous challenge with FMDV in cattle

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the major threats to animal health worldwide. Its causative agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), affects cloven-hoofed animals, including farm animals and wildlife species, inflicting severe damage to the international trade and livestock industry. FMDV antigenic variability remains one of the biggest challenges for vaccine-based control strategies. The current study analyzed the host’s adaptive immune responses in cattle immunized with different vaccine protocols and investigated its associations with the clinical outcome after infection with a heterologous strain of FMDV. The results showed that antigenic payload, multivalency, and revaccination may impact on the clinical outcome after heterologous challenge with FMDV. Protection from the experimental infection was related to qualitative traits of the elicited antibodies, such as avidity, IgG isotype composition, and specificity diversity, modulating and reflecting the vaccine-induced maturation of the humoral response. The correlation analyses of the serum avidity obtained per vaccinated individual might suggest that conventional vaccination can induce high-affinity immunoglobulins against conserved epitopes even within different FMDV serotypes. Cross-reaction among strains by these high-affinity antibodies may support further protection against a heterologous infection with FMDV.Instituto de VirologíaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schammas, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schammas, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Miraglia, Maria Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Miraglia, Maria Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Florencia Mabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Florencia Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez Filgueira, Daniel Mariano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez Filgueira, Daniel Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Systemic Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination in Cattle Promotes Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells at the Respiratory Tract and Triggers Local Anamnestic Responses upon Aerosol Infection

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting biungulate species. Commercial vaccines, formulated with inactivated FMD virus (FMDV), are regularly used worldwide to control the disease. Here, we studied the generation of antibody responses in local lymphoid tissues along the respiratory system in vaccinated and further aerosol-infected cattle. Animals immunized with a high-payload monovalent FMD vaccine developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies at 7 days postvaccination (dpv), reaching a plateau at 29 dpv. FMDV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC), predominantly IgM, were evident at 7 dpv in the prescapular lymph node (LN) draining the vaccination site and in distal LN draining the respiratory mucosa, although in lower numbers. At 29 dpv, a significant switch to IgG1 was clear in prescapular LN, while FMDV-specific ASC were detected in all lymphoid tissues draining the respiratory tract, mostly as IgM-secreting cells. None of the animals (n = 10) exhibited FMD symptoms after oronasal challenge at 30 dpv. Three days postinfection, a large increase in ASC numbers and rapid isotype switches to IgG1 were observed, particularly in LN-draining virus replication sites already described. These results indicate for the first time that systemic FMD vaccination in cattle effectively promotes the presence of anti-FMDV ASC in lymphoid tissues associated with the respiratory system. Oronasal infection triggered an immune reaction compatible with a local anamnestic response upon contact with the replicating FMDV, suggesting that FMD vaccination induces the circulation of virus-specific B lymphocytes, including memory B cells that differentiate into ASC soon after contact with the infectiveInstituto de VirologíaFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schammas, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Malacari, Darío Amilcar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Florencia Mariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, L.L. USDA. Agricultural Research Service. Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Estados UnidosFil: Borca, Manuel Victor. USDA. Agricultural Research Service. Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Estados UnidosFil: Perez Filgueira, Daniel Mariano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Study of coinfection with local strains of infectious bursal disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen-free chickens

Immunosuppressive diseases cause great losses in the poultry industry, increasing the susceptibility to infections by other pathogens and promoting a suboptimal response to vaccination. Among them, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) arises as one of the most important around the world. IBDV infects immature B lymphocytes, affecting the immune status of birds and facilitating infections by other pathogens such as avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Although it has been reported that the interaction between these viruses increases IBV clinical signs, there are no actual studies about the interaction between regional circulating isolates that validate this statement. In this context, the objective of our work was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between local isolates of IBDV (belonging to genogroup 4) and IBV (lineage GI-16) in chickens. Thus, specific pathogen-free chickens were orally inoculated with IBDV genogroup (G) 4 or with PBS at 5 d of age. At 14-days postinoculation (dpi) the animals were intratracheally inoculated with a GI-16 IBV or with PBS. At multiple time points, groups of birds were euthanized and different parameters such as histological damage, viral load, lymphocyte populations and specific antibodies were evaluated. The success of IBDV infection was confirmed by the severity of bursal atrophy, viral detection, and presence of anti-IBDV antibodies. In IBV-infected animals, the presence of viral genome was detected in both kidney and bursa. The coinfected animals showed higher degree of lymphocyte infiltration in kidney, higher rate of animals with IBV viral genome in bursa at 28 dpi, and a clear decrease in antibody response against IBV at 28, 35, and 40 dpi. The results indicate that the infection with the local isolate of IBDV affects the immune status of the chickens, causing major severe damage, in response to IBV infection, which could consequently severely affect the local poultry industry.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Jaton, Juan Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Jaton, Juan Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Evangelina Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Evangelina Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Maria Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gravisaco, María José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Gravisaco, María José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pinto, Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología; ArgentinaFil: Vagnozzi, Ariel Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. Laboratorio Avícola; ArgentinaFil: Vagnozzi, Ariel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Craig, Marí­a Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. Laboratorio Avícola; ArgentinaFil: Craig, Marí­a Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. Laboratorio Avícola; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Berinstein, Analia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Berinstein, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chimeno Zoth, Silvina Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas Aviares; ArgentinaFil: Chimeno Zoth, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Early Adaptive Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cattle

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects both domestic and wild biungulate species. This acute disease, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), usually includes an active replication phase in the respiratory tract for up to 72 h postinfection, followed by hematogenous dissemination and vesicular lesions at oral and foot epithelia. The role of the early local adaptive immunity of the host in the outcome of the infection is not well understood. Here we report the kinetics of appearance of FMDV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in lymphoid organs along the respiratory tract and the spleen in cattle infected by aerosol exposure. While no responses were observed for up to 3 days postinfection (dpi), all animals developed FMDV-ASC in all the lymphoid organs studied at 4 dpi. Tracheobronchial lymph nodes were the most reactive organs at this time, and IgM was the predominant isotype, followed by IgG1. Numbers of FMDV-ASC were further augmented at 5 and 6 dpi, with an increasing prevalence in upper respiratory organs. Systemic antibody responses were slightly delayed compared with the local reaction. Also, IgM was the dominant isotype in serum at 5 dpi, coinciding with a sharp decrease of viral RNA detection in peripheral blood. These results indicate that following aerogenous administration, cattle develop a rapid and vigorous genuine local antibody response throughout the respiratory tract. Time course and isotype profiles indicate the presence of an efficient T cell-independent antibody response which drives the IgM-mediated virus clearance in cattle infected by FMDV aerosol exposure.Instituto de VirologíaFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Schammas, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Malacari, Darío Amilcar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Arzt, J. USDA. Agricultural Research Service. Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Estados UnidosFil: Pérez Beascoeachea, C. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Dirección de Laboratorios; ArgentinaFil: Maradei, E. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria. Dirección de Laboratorios; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, L. USDA. Agricultural Research Service. Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Estados UnidosFil: Borca, Manuel Victor. USDA. Agricultural Research Service. Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Estados UnidosFil: Perez Filgueira, Daniel Mariano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Could saber-toothed cats form groups? Optimal group size based on foraging and competition for carcasses

Inferring social behavior from fossil remains has always been a difficult and controversial task. Previous works on the topic included assessing family structure among dinosaurs based on nest remains, and assessing social behavior based on surmised sexual dimorphism of cranial morphology. For some saber-toothed cats, social grouping has been supported based upon healed broken bones and high remain densities in Rancho La Brea tar pits. In contrast, some authors casted doubts on these arguments. Furthermore, given the relatively small brain size found in such saber-toothed cats, it has also been stated that they were unable to socialize. In the present work we intend to assess whether Smilodon populator Lund could have formed groups based on Optimal Foraging Theory and competition for carcasses. We developed a mathematical model in which net energy gain is a function of group size, carcass competition intensity, individual hunting costs and gross food intake. When applied to African lion (Panthera leo Linnaeus), a likely modern analog of saber-toothed cats, the model correctly predicted observed group sizes, ranging from two to fifteen individuals. In the case of Smilodon populator group size, it strongly depended on competition for carcasses, hunting costs and gross food intake. It was found that optimal group size should have varied from one to four individuals. For instance, optimal group size tends to be minimal when competition for carcasses is low, and it tends to be maximal at high hunting costs, high competition for carcasses and intermediate gross food intake. Given that hunting costs escalate with prey size and that it has been proposed that competition for carcasses was high during the Pleistocene, it is plausible that average group size of Smilodon populator was closer to four individuals. The model was validated through counting of specimens with appropriate stratigraphic control.Sesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Conocimiento presente para la sociedad: la mirada de la paleontología en un caso de vínculo con la comunidad

Resumen: En este artículo damos a conocer diversas actividades de vínculo con la comunidad a partir del conocimiento científico relacionado con el yacimiento del Arroyo del Vizcaíno en Uruguay. Este sitio, ubicado en las afueras de la ciudad de Sauce, presenta miles de huesos fósiles de mamíferos gigantes extintos y evidencias de posible presencia humana. Desde su descubrimiento, la comunidad local estuvo involucrada en la colecta y conservación del material, una feliz circunstancia a la que se sumó nuestro equipo aportando el saber disciplinario y la misma vocación de tender puentes entre la academia y la sociedad a través del cuidado de ese patrimonio, de diversas actividades presenciales, recursos virtuales y otros emprendimientos.Abstract: In this article, we present various activities shared with the community based on scientific knowledge related to the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site in Uruguay. This site, located on the outskirts of the city of Sauce, presents thousands of fossil bones of extinct giant mammals and evidence of possible human presence. Since its discovery, the local community has been involved in the collection and conservation of the material, a happy circumstance to which our team joined, contributing disciplinary knowledge and the same vocation of building bridges between the academy and society through the care of that heritage, of diverse presencial activities, virtual resources and other endeavours

Influence of antibodies transferred by colostrum in the immune responses of calves to current foot-and-mouth disease vaccines

Immunity to currently used oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been studied in detail in adult animals; however, the influence of maternally derived antibodies transferred through colostrum (Mat-Abs) in the immune responses of vaccinated calves is less clear. Here, we report the anti-FMDV humoral responses elicited in calves with or without Mat-Abs that received one or two doses of the current tetravalent oil-adjuvanted commercial vaccine used in Argentina. Anti-FMDV (O1/Campos strain) antibodies (Abs) were evaluated by Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA (LPB-ELISA), virus neutralization test (VNT), isotype ELISA (IgG1, IgG2 and IgM) and avidity ELISA, to allow for the first time a more detailed description of the humoral responses elicited. Our results show that primary IgM responses to FMDV vaccination only became evident as Mat-Abs titers decreased. Likewise, prime and boost vaccination schedules, applied 35 days apart to groups of calves with high or low levels of Mat-Abs, showed that the levels of preexisting neutralizing Mat-Abs prevented the loss of total Abs measured by LPB-ELISA but negatively interfered with the induction of virus neutralizing responses. Altogether, these findings indicate that comprehensive serological characterization of immune responses generated after vaccination in calves may reveal important information on the actual effectiveness of vaccination strategies for young animals, particularly in endemic settings.Fil: Bucafusco, Danilo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Di Giacomo, Sebastián Víctor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Pega, Juan Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Juncos, Maria Sol. No especifíca;Fil: Schammas, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Perez Filguiera, Mariano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Capozzo, Alejandra Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin