Le differenze di genere nella genetica dei comportamenti aggressivi

In recent literature, there is an growing interest about the aggressive behavior’s genetics, with the specific aim of identify specific alterations of genes involved in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Given that aggressive behavior is regarded as an alteration of catecholaminergic system, a reduction in COMT and MAOA, the two major enzymes responsible for the catabolism of brain catecholamines, should indirectly increase these behaviors. While there is and there has been a substantial attention in males and neutral gender with regard to aggressive and/or antisocial behaviors, females have been a research group less considered, both due to social and cultural factors, and to the difficulty pointed out different forms of aggression, often minor and less urgent from the point of view of the response of the society. For this reason, only recently the importance of considering the women’s aggressiveness through a dynamic development due to a cumulative effect of risk and protective factors that occur over time as been understood. In this article, we stress the importance of including these genetic gender differences, in order to understand the phenomenon of violence, being in agreement with recent literature on these options, still to consider, especially with the hormonal hypothesis of testosterone/estrogen balance.In letteratura si è andato sviluppando un crescente interesse circa la genetica dei comportamenti aggressivi, in particolare rispetto alle alterazioni specifiche dei geni coinvolti nei sistemi dopaminergico e serotoninergico. Il comportamento aggressivo è modulato dall’attività catecolaminergica e una riduzione dell’attività di COMT e MAOA, i due principali enzimi responsabili del catabolismo cerebrale delle catecolamine, dovrebbe aumentare indirettamentela possibilità di un comportamento aggressivo. Mentre vi è e vi è stata una sostanziale attenzione in soggetti di sesso maschile e di genere neutro per quanto riguarda i comportamenti aggressivi e/o antisociali, le donne sono state un gruppo di ricerca meno considerato, sia a causa di fattori socioculturali, sia per la difficoltà nell’evidenziarne le forme di aggressività, spesso minori e meno urgenti dal punto di vista della risposta della società. Per tale motivo solo recentemente si è intesa l’importanza di comprendere l’aggressività femminile, attraverso un quadro dinamico di sviluppo dovuto ad un effetto cumulativo di fattori di rischio e di protezione che occorrono nel corso del tempo, così come è accaduto per gli uomini. In questo articolo, si sottolinea l’importanza di includere queste differenze di genere di tipo genetico al fine di comprendere il fenomeno stesso della violenza, trovandoci in accordo con la recente letteratura in merito alle ipotesi ancora da vagliare, in particolare con l’ipotesi ormonale del bilancio testosterone/estrogeni

The Accuracy of Three Intraoral Scanners in the Oral Environment with and without Saliva: A Comparative Study

Background: with the emergence of technological innovations in the dental industry, one emerging trend has been the intraoral digitizing of patients by using intraoral scanning systems. Compared to taking conventional impressions, the use of intraoral scanners (IOS) is suitable for capturing direct optical impressions, helping to improve diagnostic efficacy, save time, reduce patient discomfort, and simplify clinical procedures. Intraoral scanning systems appear to have a high potential for providing guidance on proper standards of care. However, one main disadvantage is breathing and saliva secretion, which causes deviations, interfering with the applicability and accuracy of the optical impression. The aim of this study was to compare the validity and accuracy of three commercially available intraoral scanners, performing an analysis exploiting a wet model. Methods: an in vitro experimental study of four permanent teeth (two molars and two premolars) on the accuracy of copings obtained by subgingival preparations was performed, using an oral wet environment model. Two hundred and forty digital impressions were produced from three digital scanners using four samples. Descriptive analysis was performed using mean, standard deviation, and median. ANOVA and F-tests were performed to assess the amount of variability between the groups. For statistical analysis a 95% significance level was chosen. Results: all differences between groups were statistically significant. Conclusions: the present data implicate a huge impact of the oral biological fluids on the accuracy of digital impression to corresponding images, implying a failure of accurate impression under wetness conditions

Covid-19 and flattening the curve: a feedback control perspective

Many of the policies that were put into place during the Covid-19 pandemic had a common goal: to flatten the curve of the number of infected people so that its peak remains under a critical threshold. This letter considers the challenge of engineering a strategy that enforces such a goal using control theory. We introduce a simple formulation of the optimal flattening problem, and provide a closed form solution. This is augmented through nonlinear closed loop tracking of the nominal solution, with the aim of ensuring close-to-optimal performance under uncertain conditions. A key contribution of this letter is to provide validation of the method with extensive and realistic simulations in a Covid-19 scenario, with particular focus on the case of Codogno - a small city in Northern Italy that has been among the most harshly hit by the pandemic

Psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk in patients with chronic migraine

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of mental illness among patients with migraine. We performed MedLine and PsycINFO searches from 1980 to 2008. Research has systematically documented a strong bidirectional association between migraine and psychiatric disorders. The relationship between migraine and psychopathology has often been clinically discussed rather than systematically studied. Future research should include sound methodologically-based studies focusing on the interplay of factors behind the relationship between migraine, suicide risk, and mental illness

Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery in Infancy for the minimally invasive treatment of the ureteropelvic-junction obstruction

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Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery in Infancy for the minimally invasive treatment of the esophageal atresia

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Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery in Infancy for the minimally invasive treatment of pediatric nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy

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