35 research outputs found
Regulatory Taking: A Contract Approach
This Article begins by defining the parameters of the fifth amendment\u27s taking clause. The Article then reviews the various tests used in determining whether governmental action constitutes a taking, and discusses the recent Supreme Court decisions within the framework of case law as it has evolved since the Court\u27s 1922 landmark decision, Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon. Finally, the Article suggests a formula based on well-established contract principles for analyzing the impact of land use regulation on private property interests
An Improved Shashlyk Calorimeter
Shashlyk electromagnetic calorimeter modules with an energy resolution of
about 3%/sqrt{E (GeV)} for 50-1000 MeV photons has been developed, and a
prototype tested. Details of these improved modules, including mechanical
construction, selection of wave shifting fibers and photo-detectors, and
development of a new scintillator with improved optical and mechanical
properties are described. How the modules will perform in a large calorimeter
was determined from prototype measurements. The experimentally determined
characteristics of the calorimeter prototype show energy resolution of
sigma_E/E=(1.96+-0.1)% \oplus (2.74+-0.05)%/sqrt{E}, time resolution of sigma_T
= (72+-4)/sqrt{E} \oplus (14+-2)/E (ps), where photon energy E is given in GeV
units and \oplus means a quadratic summation. A punch-through inefficiency of
photon detection was measured to be \epsilon = 5*10^{-5} (\Theta >5 mrad).Comment: 29 pages, 21 figure
Measurement of omega meson parameters in pi^+pi^-pi^0 decay mode with CMD-2
About 11 200 e^+e^- -> omega -> pi^+pi^-pi^0 events selected in the center of
mass energy range from 760 to 810 MeV were used for the measurement of the
\omega meson parameters. The following results have been obtained: sigma
_{0}=(1457 \pm 23 \pm 19)nb, m_{\omega}=(782.71 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.04) MeV/c^{2},
\Gamma_{\omega}=(8.68 \pm 0.23 \pm 0.10) MeV,
\Gamma_{e^+e^-}\cdot Br (\omega -> pi^+pi^-pi^0)=
(0.528 \pm 0.012 \pm 0.007) \cdot 10^{-3} MeV.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Study of the Process in the C.M.Energy Range 1.05-1.38 GeV with CMD-2
The process has been studied with the CMD-2 detector
using about 950 events detected in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.05 to
1.38 GeV. The cross section exceeds the expectation based on the contributions
of the rho(770), omega(782) and phi(1020) mesons only.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, uses elsart.cls, submitted to Physics Letters
High-statistics measurement of the pion form factor in the rho-meson energy range with the CMD-2 detector
We present a measurement of the pion form factor based on e+e- annihilation
data from the CMD-2 detector in the energy range 0.6<sqrt(s)<1.0 GeV with a
systematic uncertainty of 0.8%. A data sample is five times larger than that
used in our previous measurement.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures. Added comparison with KLOE measurement, minor
updates. Accepted by PL
Microquasars: summary and outlook
Microquasars are compact objects (stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars)
that mimic, on a smaller scale, many of the phenomena seen in quasars. Their
discovery provided new insights into the physics of relativistic jets observed
elsewhere in the universe, and in particular, the accretion-jet coupling in
black holes. Microquasars are opening new horizons for the understanding of
ultraluminous X-ray sources observed in external galaxies, gamma-ray bursts of
long duration, and the origin of stellar black holes and neutron stars.
Microquasars are one of the best laboratories to probe General Relativity in
the limit of the strongest gravitational fields, and as such, have become an
area of topical interest for both high energy physics and astrophysics. At
present, back hole astrophysics exhibits historical and epistemological
similarities with the origins of stellar astrophysics in the last century.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, To appear in Belloni, T. (ed.): The Jet Paradigm
- From Microquasars to Quasars, Lect. Notes Phys. 794 (2009
Study of KS KL Coupled Decays and KL -Be Interactions with the CMD-2 Detector at VEPP-2M Collider
The integrated luminosity about 4000 inverse nanobarn of around phi meson
mass ( 5 millions of phi mesons) has been collected with the CMD-2 detector at
the VEPP-2M collider. A latest analysis of the KS KL coupled decays based on 30
% of available data is presented in this paper.
The KS KL pairs from phi meson decays were reconstructed in the drift chamber
when both kaons decayed into two charged particles. From a sample of 1423
coupled decays a selection of candidates to the CP violating KL into pi+ pi-
decay was performed. CP violating decays were not identified because of the
domination of events with a KL regenerating at the Be beam pipe into KS and a
background from KL semileptonic decays.
The regeneration cross section of 110 MeV/c KL mesons was found to be 53 +-
17 mb in agreement with theoretical expectations. The angular distribution of
KS mesons after regeneration and the total cross section of KL for Be have been
measured.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
Measurement of e+e- -> pi+pi- cross section with CMD-2 around rho-meson
The cross section of the process e+e- -> pi+pi- has been measured using about
114000 events collected by the CMD-2 detector at the VEPP-2M e+e- collider in
the center-of-mass energy range from 0.61 to 0.96 GeV. Results of the pion form
factor determination with a 0.6% systematic uncertainty are presented.
Implications for the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic
moment are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PL
Modelling Jets, Tori and Flares in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
In this contribution we review the recent progress in the modelling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN). We start with a brief overview of the relevant physical processes in the magnetosphere, the wind-zone and the inflated nebula bubble. Radiative signatures and particle transport processes obtained from 3D simulations of PWN are discussed in the context of optical and X-ray observations. We then proceed to consider particle acceleration in PWN and elaborate on what can be learned about the particle acceleration from the dynamical structures called GwispsG observed in the Crab nebula. We also discuss recent observational and theoretical results of gamma-ray flares and the inner knot of the Crab nebula, which had been proposed as the emission site of the flares. We extend the discussion to GeV flares from binary systems in which the pulsar wind interacts with the stellar wind from a companion star. The chapter concludes with a discussion of solved and unsolved problems posed by PWN