Effect of aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on reserpine-induced hypokinesia and oxydative stress in rats

INTRODUCTION: Reserpine can cause hypokinesia due to depletion of monoamine stores in the central nervous system.PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate in the effects of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on reserpine-induced hypokinesia and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reserpine was applied as a single intraperitoneal dose of 6 mg/kg (as a 0.3% solution in 5% DMSO, 2 ml/kg) and comparisons were made with the control group injected intraperitoneally with 5% DMSO (2 ml/kg). AMFJ was applied orally at doses of 2.5 ml/kg, 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kgthree times (on the 0th, 19th and 23rd hour) after reserpine administration while the control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg) at the same time points. The open field test (OFT) was used for investigation of locomotoractivity. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in rat brain.RESULTS: Reserpine induced a significant reduction (p<0.001) in both horizontal and vertical locomotor activity of rats. Brain TBARS in reserpine-treated animals were significantly higher (p<0.05) in comparison with those of the control rats which indicated that reserpine induced oxidative stress. AMFJ caused a non-significant increase in locomotor activity of reserpine-treated rats. The concentration of TBARS in the brains of rats treated with AMFJ after reserpine did not differ significantly from the control level.CONCLUSION: AMFJ prevented reserpine-induced oxidative stress and partly antagonized the effect of reserpine on locomotor activity of rats

Nature-Based Solutions for the Sustainable Management of Urban Soils and Quality of Life Improvements

The rehabilitation and restoration of land-based ecosystems is a key strategy for recovering the services (goods and resources) ecosystems offer to humankind. The use of nature-based solutions (NBSs) to restore degraded soil functions and improve soil quality can be a sustainable and successful strategy to enhance their ecosystem services by working together with the forces of nature and using well-designed measures that require less maintenance, are more cost-effective, and if constructed in the right way may even be more effective over long periods because nature’s forces can increase the structural efficiency. In this study, we aimed to (i) evaluate the bioremediation capacity of some grasses and their suitability for lawn planting in settlements (in residential and non-residential areas, along roads, etc.) and (ii) propose technological solutions for their practical application in an urban environment. Emphasis was placed on the potential of some perennial grasses and their application for the bioremediation of polluted urban soils, including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), and bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). A case study from the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria) is presented, together with an effective technological solution for the establishment of urban lawns and the roadside green buffer patches

Effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in patients with PCDH19 mutations

Purpose PCDH19 mutations cause epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) or Dravet-like syndromes. Especially in the first years of life, epilepsy is known to be highly pharmacoresistant. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in patients with PCDH19 mutations. Methods We report a retrospective multicenter study of antiepileptic therapy in 58 female patients with PCDH19 mutations and epilepsy aged 2-27 years (mean age 10.6 years). Results The most effective drugs after 3 months were clobazam and bromide, with a responder rate of 68% and 67%, respectively, where response was defined as seizure reduction of at least 50%. Defining long-term response as the proportion of responders after 12 months of treatment with a given drug in relation to the number of patients treated for at least 3 months, the most effective drugs after 12 months were again bromide and clobazam, with a long-term response of 50% and 43%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of the patients became seizure-free for at least 3 months, 47% for at least one year. Significance The most effective drugs in patients with PCDH19 mutations were bromide and clobazam. Although epilepsy in PCDH19 mutations is often pharmacoresistant, three quarters of the patients became seizure-free for at least for 3 months and half of them for at least one year. However, assessing the effectiveness of the drugs is difficult because a possible age-dependent spontaneous seizure remission must be considered

Biallelic PI4KA variants cause neurological, intestinal and immunological disease.

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα/PI4KA/OMIM:600286) is a lipid kinase generating phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a membrane phospholipid with critical roles in the physiology of multiple cell types. PI4KIIIα's role in PI4P generation requires its assembly into a heterotetrameric complex with EFR3, TTC7 and FAM126. Sequence alterations in two of these molecular partners, TTC7 (encoded by TTC7A or TCC7B) and FAM126, have been associated with a heterogeneous group of either neurological (FAM126A) or intestinal and immunological (TTC7A) conditions. Here we show that biallelic PI4KA sequence alterations in humans are associated with neurological disease, in particular hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. In addition, affected individuals may present with inflammatory bowel disease, multiple intestinal atresia and combined immunodeficiency. Our cellular, biochemical and structural modelling studies indicate that PI4KA-associated phenotypical outcomes probably stem from impairment of PI4KIIIα-TTC7-FAM126's organ-specific functions, due to defective catalytic activity or altered intra-complex functional interactions. Together, these data define PI4KA gene alteration as a cause of a variable phenotypical spectrum and provide fundamental new insight into the combinatorial biology of the PI4KIIIα-FAM126-TTC7-EFR3 molecular complex