Perbedaan Pengaruh Premedikasi Berbagai Dosis Klonidin Terhadap Respon Kardiovaskuler Pada Laringoskopi Dan Intubasi Endotrakhea

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are mostly done in general anesthesia. Both of these often lead to sympathetic reflex and excessive simpatoadrenal the hemodynamic and cardiovascular response, including the increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxigen demand on the heart muscle, the amount of catecholamines in the circulation blood vessel, tachycardia, and dysrhythmias. Clonidine is known as an antihypertensive drug that was used in reducing cardiovascular responses due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Aim: Proved the existence of differences in the influence of various doses of clonidine premedication on cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Method: A retrospective observational study with cross sectional design. Data derived from secondary data with a sample of 72 patients. Patients who had inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized in to 3 groups. Group I was given Clonidine 1μg/kg, Group II was given Clonidine 2μg/kg, and Group III was given Clonidine 3μg/k intravenously. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes after intubation. Data analysis using statistic analysis program for computer.Result: There were significant differences (p<0,05) in reducing systolic blood pressure, and arteri mean pressure between 3 groups that were given clonidine 1μg/kg, 2μg/kg, 3μg/kg in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes after intubation. The significant differences (p<0,05) on diastolic blood pressure was found only in the 3rd and 5th minute. Whereas, in the heart rate showed the significant differences only in the 1st, and 3rd minute.Conclusion: There are differences in response of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, arteri mean pressure, and the similarities in heart rate between 1μg/kg, 2μg/kg, 3μg/kg clonidine administration at laryngoscopy and endotraheal intubation.Key Words Clonidine, laryngoscopy, intubation endotrakhea, cardiovascular responses

Quality and Fruit Production Improvement Using the Cultivation Technology System "ToPAS" in 12 Varieties of Hybrid Watermelons

The quality and production of watermelon in Indonesia is low relatively. We introduced "ToPAS" (toping, pruning, arranging and selection), the innovation of cultivation technology in an effort to improve the quality and production of watermelon. Our study was conducted in State Polytechnic of Lampung yield trials from May~August 2014, and used 12 varieties of hybrid watermelons with randomized block design two factors. The results of variance analyses in "ToPAS" system showed that productivity of watermelon fruit (oval and round type) are higher compared with conventional cultivation systems. We suggested using "ToPAS" system in watermelon cultivation to improve the cultivation technology, increasing quality and production of watermelon fruit. “ToPAS” also suggested for watermelon breeding program

Efektivitas Senam Aerobik Terhadap Kontrol Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Pasien Dm Tipe 2

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau kedua-duanya, senam aerobik merupakan latihan yang menggerakkan seluruh otot, terutama dengan otot besar dengan gerakan yang terus menerus, berirama dan berkelanjutan sehingga kemungkinan dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa rerata selisih kadar glukosa darah sebelum dan sesudah melakukan senam aerobik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan eksperimen semu/quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan one group pre and post test design yaitu rancangan perlakuan menggunakan satu kelompok sampel yang sama dengan dua penilaian setelah perlakuan. Populasinya adalah seluruh pasien DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit USU, diambil sampel 38 partisipan. Analisis dengan uji paired simple t test. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata kadar glukosa darah sebelum dilakukan senam aerobik yaitu 195.89 mg/dL dan sesudah yaitu 173.18 mg/dl. Selisih rerata kadar glukosa darah sebelum dan sesudah senam aerobik yaitu 22.71 mg/dL. ada pengaruh signifikan senam aerobik terhadap kontrol kadar glukosa darah pada penderita DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit USU (p-value 0.000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh efektivitas senam aerobik terhadap kontol kadar gula darah pada penderita DM tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Sumatera Utara. &nbsp

Pengawasan Mutu Olahan Kacang Mete pada PT East Indo Fair Trading, Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali

Cashew Nut Product Quality Control In PT East Indo Fair Trading, Karangasem Regency, Bali ProvincePT East Indo Fair Trading is one of cashew nut manufacturing company in Bali. Company has been applied management quality in accordance guidelines standard prevailing, but the fact remains found damage to products. The purpose of research to know processing the cashew nut, supervise the quality uses statistics method and total cost for quality control steady. Based on the research done, there are 11 stages production processed of cashew nut. Quality control analysis include: quality control the beginning until the end of the production process, quality control using controlled map analysis these show that the process is controllable, and quality control using cause and effect diagram analysis that show the source of the product's damage is affected by raw material, human resources, and mechanism. Based on the analysis on total quality cost, actual quality cost the spend by the company are Rp 214.583.333,00 with the total of damage around 8.460 kilograms, and total quality cost over optimum quality are Rp 190.673.096,00 with the total of optimum damage around 5.153,33 kilograms, with the difference of streamlined cost are Rp 23.910.237,00 and the extent of damage differences over the cashew nut products are 3.306,67 kilograms. The recommended suggestion is the company better use statistic quality control method and increase the procedure also the appropriate working method

Pengaruh Citra Destinasi, Fasilitas Wisata Dan Experiential Marketing Terhadap Loyalitas Melalui Kepuasan (Studi Pada Pengunjung Domestik Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur)

This study is based on the tourism phenomenon developed into a worldwide industry and the developing business industry. The developing tourism business industry creates high competition among tourism destinations. The organizers of tourism destinations are competing to increase the number of tourist visitors. Borobudur Temple Tourism which is the main tourist destination of Central Java, especially Magelang Regency, is prioritized to gain more visitors. However since 2009 until 2012 there was a fluctuation in decline of domestic tourist visitors. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of destination image, tourism facilities and experiential marketing towards loyalty through satisfaction in Borobudur Temple Tourism. The type of this research is explanatory research, with data collecting technique by questionnaire and interview. The sampling technique of this research use purposive sampling. The sample in this research were 100 respondents who were Borobudur temple\u27s domestic tourists. This research is uses qualitative and quantitative analysis technique. Quantitative analysis use validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of determination, a signification test (t test and F test) and path analysis.The result of this research approved that destination image (X1), tourism facilities (X2), and experiential marketing (X3) partially or simultaneously can influenced visitors\u27 satisfaction (Y1) and visitors\u27 loyalty (Y2). According the result of path analysis showed that visitors\u27 satisfaction variable is not intervening variable towards visitors\u27 loyalty in this research

Stabilitas Ekstrak Kasar Pigmen Klorofil, Beta Karoten, Dan Caulerpin Alga Hijau (Caulerpa Racemosa) Pada Suhu Penyimpanan Yang Berbeda

Caulerpa racemosa termasuk jenis alga hijau yang terdapat di perairan Indonesia. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif dalam rumput laut yang sangat berguna adalah pigmen klorofil dan beta karoten. Caulerpa racemosa mengandung pigmen klorofil a, klorofil b, beta karoten dan caulerpin. Pigmen sangat labil terhadap suhu. Penggunaan suhu 4°C dapat mempertahankan klorofil kacang hijau selama 18 hari, sedangkan pada suhu 20 °C terjadi degradasi klorofil hingga mencapai 50%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyimpanan ekstrak kasar pigmen klorofil, beta karoten, dan caulerpin Caulerpa racemosa pada suhu 0oC, 5 oC, 10 oC dan 30 oC terhadap stabilitasnya serta mengetahui suhu optimum penyimpanan yang dapat menjaga stabiltas ekstrak kasar pigmen klorofil, beta-karoten serta senyawa caulerpin Caulerpa racemosa selama penyimpanan 48 jam. Ekstraksi klorofil menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode percobaan laboratoris menggunakan pola percobaan split plot in time dengan rancangan dasarnya acak kelompok. Sebagai main plot adalah lama waktu penyimpanan (0 dan 48 jam) dan sebagai sub plot adalah suhu penyimpanan (0oC, 5 oC, 10 oC, dan 30 oC). Pengukuran nilai absorbansi dilakukan pada jam ke-0 dan jam ke-48. Penyimpanan ekstrak kasar pigmen dari Caulerpa racemosa pada suhu dingin selama 48 jam menyebabkan penurunan kadar klorofil, beta karoten dan caulerpin lebih rendah secara sangat nyata dibandingkan pada suhu ruang. Sedangkan nilai pH ekstrak kasar klorofil dan caulerpin naik secara sangat nyata. Tetapi tidak ada Perubahan yang nyata pada nilai kecerahan ekstrak kasar klorofil dan beta karoten. Suhu penyimpanan ekstrak kasar pigmen dari Caulerpa racemosa yang optimum selama 48 jam adalah pada suhu 0°C dimana masih mengandung klorofil (83,6%), beta karoten (93,4%), dan caulerpin (72,9%)

Pengaruh Media Audio Visual Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Pada Ibu Hamil Tentang Pencegahan Stunting Di Desa Cinta Rakyat

  Stunting atau kurang gizi kronik adalah suatu bentuk lain dari kegagalan pertumbuhan, dan kurang gizi kronik. Stunting dapat juga terjadi sebelum kelahiran dan disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang sangat kurang saat masa kehamilan, (Unicef Indonesia, 2012). Stunting dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendapatan keluarga, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh ibu, riwayat infeksi penyakit, riwayat imunisasi, asupan protein, dan asupan ibu. Asupan ibu terutama saat hamil merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting. Gizi janin bergantung sepenuhnya pada ibu, sehingga kecukupan gizi ibu sangat mempengaruhi kondisi janin yang dikandungnya. Ibu hamil yang kurang gizi atau asupan makanan kurang akan menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan janin dalam kandungan (Picauly, 2013). Dalam hal mengurangi angka kejadian stunting pada ibu hamil dapat dilakukan melalui promotif dan preventif. Salah satu upaya tersebut adalah melakukan pendidikan kesehatan dengan menggunakan media. Media memberikan informasi dan edukasi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan menumbuhkan sikap yang positif terhadap pencegahan stunting. Hal ini yang menjadi salah satu alasan utama peneliti untuk mengetahui pengaruh media audio visual terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pada  ibu hamil tentang pencegahan stunting di Desa Cinta Rakyat. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan di Desa Cinta Rakyat dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media audio visual terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap pada  ibu hamil tentang pencegahan stunting di Desa Cinta Rakyat. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik probability sampling jenis purposive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 42 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Ibu hamil ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap Ibu hamil  sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan media audio visual dengan p value 0,001 (p < 0,05). Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan kepada Ibu hamil di Desa Cinta Rakyat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap serta informasi sehingga dapat pencegahan terjadinya stunting pada bayi yang dilahirkan

Analisis Break Even Point Penjualan Pupuk Organik (Studi Kasus Simantri 174 Gapoktan Dharma Pertiwi di Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali)

Analysis Sales of Break Even Point Organic Fertilizer (Case Study Simantri 174 Gapoktan Dharma Pertiwi in Badung Regency, Province Of Bali) Organic fertilizer industry in Indonesia generally consists of small and medium businesses. The difference of the number of the needs and the production of organic fertilizer is a beneficial business opportunity. One of them is Simantri 174 Gapoktan Dharma Pertiwi. Analysis of the break even point is a situation where the company does not suffer losses also didnt get the profit. Commonly, this analysis gives information about margin of safety to the management of how much the decrease of the selling can be reckoned so that the company will not having a loss. The purpose of this research is to know the amount and value of sales of organic fertilizer Simantri 174 which must be achieved at the point of BEP and the margin of safety of the sale. The data period used is one year that is year 2014. According to the research result, the level of BEP that is accomplished by Simantri 174 is 509.763,14 kg (Rp 458.993.308,66). Margin of safety Simantri worked with the level of safety is 37,44 %. It can be concluded that the decrease of the organic fertilizer selling could not be more than 37,44 (Rp 274.735.791,34) from the planning. Simantri 174 has successfully produced organic fertilizer above the BEP value. Aside from that, there are some technical problems such as lack of basic materials; the dryer for the basic material is not yet available and lack of training of MOL producing. As well as the presence of obstacles in the economic aspect, namely the lack of costs for the production process of organic fertilizer. Keywords: break even point, margin of safety, organic fertilizer, sales