283 research outputs found
Media ethics and the case of ethnicity : a contextual analysis in Plateau state, Nigeria
Ethnic-based conflicts have continued to dot the global landscape. African countries and Nigeria, in particular, have been embroiled in these tidal waves of violent conflicts with cataclysmic consequences. Media Ethics and the Case of Ethnicity: A Contextual Analysis in Plateau State, Nigeria is a critical investigation into the participation of the newspaper journalists in reporting this intractable violent episode in Plateau State, Nigeria. Through deliberate use of lexical, phrases, stereotypes, frames, propaganda and litotes, journalists intensified the conflict. In this easy-to-read book, the author provides guidelines for conflict journalists which includes human rights consciousness journalism as pre-emptive approach to preventing conflicts before they turn violent
Noise Levels and Noisiness of some Power Generators in Federal College of Education Environs, Pankshin, Plateau State Nigeria
This research was on determination of noise levels and noisiness in noys of some power generators and comparing the results to international noise regulatory bodies permissible noise limits. Measurement of sound pressure levels from different generators rated 650 watts to 5.0kilo watts was carried out using sound level meter SL 4010 EUROLAB. The corresponding noisiness was determined using a noy chart 150 507 using the representative frequencies of a complex sound. The measured sound pressure levels ranged from 76 &BA to 97 dBA. The noisiness ranged from 45.20noys to 189.06 noys. The noise levels were higher than the international proposal for noise limit of 45 dBA aquivalent to 5.6 noy daytime and 40dBA equivalent to 3.4noys evening time. The noise levels were above the occupational safety and Health Administration (OSHA) exposure permissible noise limit of 80dBA equivalent to 63noys and also higher than the world Health Organization (WHO) exposure permissible noise limit of 90dBA equivalent to 120.3noys. Keywords: noise level, noisiness, noy, power generators
The impact of infectious disease specialist consultation for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: A systematic review
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe bloodstream infection.We performed a systematic review to assess whether consultation
with infectious disease specialists decreased all-cause mortality or rate of complications of S aureus bloodstream infections.
The review also assessed parameters associated with the quality of management of the infection. We searched for eligible studies in
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and clinical trials.gov as well as the references of included studies. We identified 22 observational studies
and 1 study protocol for a randomized trial. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the high risk of bias in the included
studies. The outcomes are reported in a narrative review. Most included studies reported survival benefit, in the adjusted analysis.
Recommended management strategies were carried out significantly more often among patients seen by an infectious disease
specialist. Trials, such as cluster-randomized controlled trials, can more validly assess the studies at low risk of bias.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]
Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993–2011: an observational study
90-day mortality in relation to patient characteristics prior to infection. Table S1a. 90-day mortality in relation to gender. Table S2. 90-day mortality in relation to disease acquisition, severity, focus and time period. (DOCX 22 kb
Genetic Risk Score for Essential Hypertension and Risk of Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy characterized by novel onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation, accompanied by proteinuria. Epidemiological evidence suggests that genetic susceptibility exists for preeclampsia; however, whether preeclampsia is the result of underlying genetic risk for essential hypertension has yet to be investigated. Based on the hypertensive state that is characteristic of preeclampsia, we aimed to determine if established genetic risk scores (GRSs) for hypertension and blood pressure are associated with preeclampsia
Iron status and the risk of sepsis and severe COVID-19: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
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Body mass index and risk of dying from a bloodstream infection: A Mendelian randomization study.
BACKGROUND: In observational studies of the general population, higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased incidence of and mortality from bloodstream infection (BSI) and sepsis. On the other hand, higher BMI has been observed to be apparently protective among patients with infection and sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the causal association of BMI with risk of and mortality from BSI. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used a population-based cohort in Norway followed from 1995 to 2017 (the Trøndelag Health Study [HUNT]), and carried out linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses. Among 55,908 participants, the mean age at enrollment was 48.3 years, 26,324 (47.1%) were men, and mean BMI was 26.3 kg/m2. During a median 21 years of follow-up, 2,547 (4.6%) participants experienced a BSI, and 451 (0.8%) died from BSI. Compared with a genetically predicted BMI of 25 kg/m2, a genetically predicted BMI of 30 kg/m2 was associated with a hazard ratio for BSI incidence of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.40 to 2.27; p < 0.001) and for BSI mortality of 2.56 (95% CI: 1.31 to 4.99; p = 0.006) in the general population, and a hazard ratio for BSI mortality of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.11 to 4.94; p = 0.025) in an inverse-probability-weighted analysis of patients with BSI. Limitations of this study include a risk of pleiotropic effects that may affect causal inference, and that only participants of European ancestry were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Supportive of a causal relationship, genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with BSI incidence and mortality in this cohort. Our findings contradict the "obesity paradox," where previous traditional epidemiological studies have found increased BMI to be apparently protective in terms of mortality for patients with BSI or sepsis
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