Cittadini senza diritti: abitare e lavorare a Milano da clandestini

Lo scopo di questo rapporto è di presentare le principali caratteristiche socio-demografiche dell’utenza Naga (Associazione Volontaria di Assistenza SocioSanitaria e per i Diritti di Stranieri e Nomadi Onlus), che costituisce una delle più grandi banche dati sull’immigrazione irregolare. A tal fine analizzeremo i dati contenuti nelle cartelle mediche del Naga per i pazienti che sono stati registrati tra il gennaio 2000 e il dicembre 2006, soffermandoci sulla loro nazionalità, genere, situazione familiare, anzianità migratoria, livello di istruzione, condizione lavorativa e situazione abitativa. Dall’analisi emerge un quadro delle caratteristiche e delle condizioni dei migranti privi di permesso di soggiorno del tutto diverso da quello spesso proposto nel dibattito politico e mediatico italiano. Gli immigrati irregolari sono giovani giunti di recente in Italia, ma hanno livelli di istruzione e tassi di occupazione che eguagliano – se non addirittura superano – quelli della popolazione residente in Italia. Le loro condizioni socioabitative, invece, sono assolutamente critiche e lontanissime dagli standard italiani

Inequities in immigrants’ access to health care services : disentangling potential barriers

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess whether immigrants suffer from unequal access to health care services, that add to prevailing socioeconomic barriers to care. Design/methodology/approach: Using a uniquely rich Italian health survey, the authors estimate the correlation between immigrant status and the probability of accessing health services, conditional on a rich set of individual and territorial characteristics. Findings: Results show that foreigners are more likely to contact emergency services and less likely to visit specialist doctors and use preventive care. Similar results hold for second-generation immigrants. Originality/value: The authors discuss the sources of observed inequities and suggest tentative policy implications to promote equal access

Migration, health knowledge and teenage fertility: evidence from Mexico

Migration may affect fertility and child health care of those remaining in the country of origin. Mexican data show that having at least one household member who migrated to the United States decreases the occurrence of pregnancy among teenagers by 0.339 probability points. This finding can be partially explained by the fact that teenagers in migrant households have a higher knowledge of contraceptive methods and likely practice active birth control. I use potential migration, measured as historic migration rates interacted with the proportion of adult males in the household, as an instrument to account for the endogeneity of migrant status.Financial support from the Spanish MEC (Ref. ECO2014-58434-P) is gratefully acknowledged

Education-job (mis)match and interregional migration:Italian university graduates’ transition to work

This paper analyses the micro-level determinants of the education-job (mis)matches of recent university graduates in Italy. As the Italian graduate population has experienced increasing internal migration, we focus in particular on the role of interregional migration in driving education-job match. The methodology takes into account both the endogenous relationship between migration and employment, and the self-selection bias between employment and education-job (mis)match. Using a survey on Italian graduates’ entry into the labour market, we find that whilst migration at the national level is confirmed to have a positive role in both finding a job and decreasing the probability of overeducation, robust differences emerge when looking at the subnational dimension. Indeed, the Northern regions by receiving inflows of Southern graduates that manage to attain a good education-job match in the recipient labour markets, are apparently reaping part of the return to the investment in university education bore in the Sout

Overeducation and spatial flexibility: new evidence from Italian survey data

This paper studies the relationship between internal mobility and overeducation. Using a large survey on the Italian labour market, it estimates the effect of workers’ spatial flexibility (precise information on commuting and migration) on their probability of being overeducated. The analysis tries to deal with two possible causes of misspecification, which can bias the correlation between migration and overeducation downward: the endogeneity of migration and the omission of relevant job characteristics. This adds to the received literature. It also deals with selection into employment and controls for area and personal characteristics, including several proxies for individual’s ability. Results show that commuting is positively correlated with the quality of the education-job match. On the contrary, the conventional wisdom that internal migration unambiguously reduces the incidence of overeducation does not receive empirical support. The negative correlation between migration and overeducation vanishes once job characteristics are included in the analysis and becomes positive when migration is instrumented. These findings can be easily rationalized by incorporating some of the suggestions of the literature on international migration into the standard framework used in spatially-based explanations for overeducation. From a policy perspective, it seems fair to conclude that the link between internal migration and overeducation remains unclear and that further research is needed in order to better ground policy prescriptions

A note on the measurment of the employment protection legislation: The case of Italy

The measurement of (labor market) institutions is not a trivial task at all. It origins important methodological issues; moreover, the risk of measurement errors is very high. Keeping this in mind, it turns out that, according to the OECD (2004) index of EPL, the Italian labor market is characterized by a relatively flexible labor market for regular employment, a fairly rigid labor market for temporary employment and a remarkable element of rigidity caused by the normative aspects of collective dismissals