REVIEW OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of main artery or one of its branches of lung by the fat, amniotic fluid, embolisation of air or any other foreign substances. It is also due to formation of thrombus [blood clot] in the arteries of lung. Due to the pulmonary embolism the blood circulation in the body will be effected. Sometimes PE leads to death also by the lacking of breathing. In USA the annual incidence rates per 1000 persons aged 65-69 are 1.3 affected by pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism at the earlier stage will be difficult because the symptoms like difficulty in breathing and chest pain are not easily differentiated from the other diseases like myocardial infarction. The usage of drugs like anti coagulants and thrombolytic cause bleeding problems even though they shows the antagonistic activity of pulmonary embolism at higher doses. Physician responsibility is to successfully avoid bleeding disorders are at the time of prevention of pulmonary embolism. And also by conducting of programs which should strive to coordinate care, by region wide guidelines and by implementing of care programs there is a chance to elaborate knowledge about the pulmonary embolism to the physicians and also there is a chance to bring awareness among the public which may decreases the number deaths due to pulmonary embolism annually. KEY WORDS: Pulmonary embolism, myocardial infraction, intra vascular co agulation, e.t.c

In Vitro Screening of Trichoderma Viride Against Albugo Candida - White Rust Pathogen of Rapeseed-mustard

Field experiments on white rust of rapeseed-mustard were conducted at Kakching located 45 km away from Imphal, Manipur during two consecutive rabi seasons (2014-15 & 2015-16) under organic farming. Using dual culture technique of Trichoderma viride and Albugo candida resulted in significant effect in all the varieties except in between M-27 (V3) & Ragini (V4). The percent inhibition of mycelial growth over control was found to be highest in V4 (58.78%) and lowest in local cultivar, Lamtachabi (V2) i.e. 33.17%

Carbon Carbon Composites: An Overview .

Carbon carbon composites are a new class of engineering materials that are ceramic in nature but exhibit brittle to pseudoplastic behaviour. Carbon-carbon is a unique all-carbon composite with carbon fibre embeded in carbon matrix and is known as an inverse composite. Due to their excellent thermo-structural properties, carbon-carbon composites are used in specialised application like re-entry nose-tips, leading edges, rocket nozzles, and aircraft brake discs apart from several industrial and biomedical applications. The multidirectional carbon-carbon product technology is versatile and offers design flexibility. This paper describes the multidirectional preform and carbon-carbon process technology and research and development activities within the country. Carbon-carbon product experience at DRDL has also been discussed. Development of carbon-carbon brake discs process technology using the liquid impregnation process is described. Further the test results on material characterisation, thermal, mechanical and tribological properties are presented

The dependence of the estimated luminosities of ULX on spectral models

Data from {\it Chandra} observations of thirty nearby galaxies were analyzed and 365 X-ray point sources were chosen whose spectra were not contaminated by excessive diffuse emission and not affected by photon pile up. The spectra of these sources were fitted using two spectral models (an absorbed power-law and a disk blackbody) to ascertain the dependence of estimated parameters on the spectral model used. It was found that the cumulative luminosity function depends on the choice of the spectral model, especially for luminosities $> 10^{40}$ ergs/s. In accordance with previous results, a large number ($\sim 80$) of the sources have luminosities $> 10^{39}$ ergs/s (Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources) with indistinguishable average spectral parameters (inner disk temperature $\sim 1$ keV and/or photon index $\Gamma \sim 2$) with those of the lower luminosities ones. After considering foreground stars and known background AGN,we identify four sources whose minimum luminosity exceed $10^{40}$ ergs/s, and call them Extremely Luminous X-ray sources (ELX). The spectra of these sources are in general better represented by the disk black body model than the power-law one. These ELX can be grouped into two distinct spectral classes. Two of them have an inner disk temperature of $< 0.5$ keV and hence are called ``supersoft'' ELX, while the other two have temperatures $\gtrsim 1.3$ keV and are called ``hard'' ELX. The estimated inner disk temperatures of the supersoft ELX are compatible with the hypothesis that they harbor intermediate size black holes, which are accreting at $\sim 0.5$ times their Eddington Luminosity. The radiative mechanism for hard ELX, seems to be Inverse Comptonization, which in contrast to standard black holes systems, is probably saturated.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal. 9 pages. Complete long Tables 4 and 5 are given as tab4.tex and tab5.tex separatel

Strengthening of Load Bearing Masonry Wall Panels with Externally Bonded Precast Textile Reinforced Concrete Laminate

241-245Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) has gained worldwide popularity as a strengthening material for masonry structures in the recent years. As of today, the application of TRC for masonry strengthening is either by cast-in-place methodology or by spraying method. The present work is a first-of-its kind study, which explores the feasibility of using externally bonded precast TRC laminate for strengthening of load bearing brick masonry wall panels. The binder used in TRC itself is used as adhesive for adhering the TRC laminate to masonry wall panels. Experimental investigations were carried out on unstrengthened and strengthened brick masonry wall panels under axial compression and combined axial compression and shear loading. The influence of TRC strengthening system is assessed by examining the performance indicators such as strength, stiffness and deformation. Based on the investigations, the use of externally bonded precast TRC laminate is found to be a feasible solution to strengthen brick masonry walls to have the required structural adequacy

Natural Drugs in DNA Repair

Natural products have been used in medicine right from the ancient civilisation. Natural products are used in many types of diseases, together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Many products are used against cancer. Many diseases are genetically derived. The drugs which have the capacity to act at genome level gains significant importance in any disease scenario. The genetic information essential for the identity and function of eukaryotic cells exist in DNA and during the lifetime of the cell DNA can be repeatedly damaged due to different factors. The stability and the fidelity of the replication process are meant to be the most remarkable features of the genetic material. The stability can be affected at any time. Compound which can enhance the DNA repair are applicable in many disease condition. Our study was focussed on the DNA repair enhancing property of a glucan from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum. Comet assay and chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow were used as end points of study. Glucan was found to have DNA repair enhancing property in human lymphocytes

Studies on intra-specific variations in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) under different geographical regions

Studies on intraspecific variations in insect pests are an important tool for preparation of management strategy in different geographical regions. In this paper we tried to establish that these variations are also found in the diamondback moth (P. xylostella) populations under north Indian conditions with respect to reproductive biology.The pest populations were collected from five different geographical regions viz. Hisar (800feet), Kangra (2200feet), Solan (4200 feet), Theog (7500feet) and Kinnaur (9000feet) and then reared under laboratory conditions at 25±1oC on cauliflower. The life table analysis revealed that the female from the Kangra population laid maximum eggs (332.16 eggs/female) whereas the number of eggs laid by the female from the Hisar, Solan, Theog and Kinnaur population was 189.53, 207, 252 and 270 eggs/female, respectively. The doubling time (DT) was observed to be the lowest for Kangra (3.12 days) and maximum for the Hisar (4.59 days) population, whereas weekly multiplication rate was minimum for the Solan (2.252) and maximum for the kangra (4.73) population. The true generation time was the lowest for the Kangra (18.54 days) and highest for the Hisar (24.38 days) population. The true intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was found to be maximum (0.222 female progeny/female/day) for the Kangra whereas for the Kinnaur, Theog, Solan and Hisar population it was 0.203, 0.202, 0.182 and 0.151 female progeny/female/day thereby indicating that the Kangra population is more prolific as compared to the population from other geographical regions. The results are indicative of geographical variations among different populations of P. xylostella

Benthos - Polychaetes

Polychaetes are one of the major benthic group of animals just like molluscs and crustaceans. Globally 12,620 species of Polychaetes are supposed to be occurring and in India around, 1,093 species representing 8.66% of the total number of polychaete species are known. Polychaetes are very important in the marine and brackish water ecosystems extending from the abyssal depths to the inter-tidal regions. Its major role is through the biomass formation in the benthic as well as in the pelagic aquatic systems as sedentary and pelagic polychaetes and through the different larval forms released by them. It also forms the major food for crustaceans, molluscs as well as for fishes. Because of the special adaptive nature of this group, Polychaetes are distributed in almost all ecological conditions, both in the macro and micro environments having different ranges of salinities and dissolved oxygen. Certain species survive in the anaerobic conditions also